Search

Since 2000, there has been a movement toward bringing the micro-level variables of ideas and agency back into the disciplines of political science. Under these various ideational shifts, the agent-based ideas at the micro-level are conceptualized as terms of cognition or as cognitive information processes in social or cognitive psychology that are to be used to make inferences of structural or macro-level explanations on changes of policy-making or institutional transformation. This trend emphasizes that analyses of ideational factors should be unpacked as independent variables which can be operationalized and verified to have causation. Therefore, this paper suggests that studies of ideational variables should follow three lines of operationalization: the clarification of levels of analysis, the concretization of causal mechanisms, and the verification of practical inferences synthesizes the practices and the limitations of this trend toward ideas. It argues the the ideational turn facilitates the exploration of the structure-agency dilemma with theoretical models, middle-range causal mechanisms, and practical verifications in political science. However, the valid inferences on various mechanisms at different levels need further investigations and evidence-based verifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Educational Research is the property of National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Psycho-cardiological disease refers to the presence of somatic cardiovascular symptoms associated with negative emotions, with or without cardiovascular disease. Cogntion is the whole process of the brains receiving and processing of external information, from which cognitive psychology is developed and has become an important component of modern psychology research ; its core content is to emphasize the negative mood plays a key role in the development of emotional disorders, and provides a new perspective for the understanding of psycho-cardiological disease. The theory of Traditional Chinese medicine holds that the heart is closely related to the cognitive process. The epistemic process is highly summarized in the 8th chapter of Basic state of Spirit (benshen) in Miraculous Pivot (Lingshu) as "perception, memory, mind, volition, thinking, consideration and wisdom". As the heart is the chief of all the organs, it not only controls the blood vessels and consciousness, but also dominate other organs. The heart leads the sensory organs to perform the function of "perception", completes the process of "memory, mind, volition, thinking and consideration" by regulating the kidney, spleen and liver, and finally integrates all the information to determine the result of "wisdom", which makes a systematic connection between the heart, cognition and emotion. Based on this, we put forward the principle of calming the mind as the main treatment, supplemented by invigorating qi and promoting blood circulation, strengtliening spleen and reducing phlegm, regulating liver and qi, communicating heart and kidney. This paper adds to the scientific connotation of psycho-cardiological disease and simultaneous heart-brain tretment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of TLBO and easy falling into local optima, the paper proposed a new TLBO algorithm integrating cognitive psychology theory. Incorporating the theory of foot in the door effect in the teaching stage, it could set the periodic learning goals for students with learning difficulties, so as to improve the overall level of students. Adding teacher guidance mechanism in the learning stage was good for increasing the speed of algorithm convergence. There was a self-adjustment stage after learning stage. According to psychological locus of control theory, it divided students into internal control type and external control type. Different types of students adopt different attribution methods for their own performance and took corresponding measures. Using the classic benchmark function to test CPTLBO, the results show that the improved algorithm has advantages in optimization accuracy and convergence speed. Constructing the CPTLBO-ELM tap water supply prediction model and using CPTLBO algorithm to optimize the input weights and hidden layer threshold parameters of the extreme learning machine, so as to improve the prediction accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The simulation results show that it is more accurate for the model which is optimized by CPTLBO algorithm. The simulation results show that it is more accurate for the model which is optimized by CPTLBO algorithm. The simulation results show that it is more accurate for the model which is optimized by CPTLBO algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of EurAmerica is the property of EurAmerica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of Internet financial model, the threshold of users entering to the financial markets was reduced. However, users lacked investment philosophy and methods. The flexible on-line teaching can help these users to learn these knowledge. While, the development of on-line teaching interactive experience increases the users' cognitive cost. Under these circumstances, the paper analyzed the interaction design on the financial on-line teaching based on Internet finance, and studied the characteristics of financial on-line teaching. It analyzed the interaction design theory and the technical status, summed up the meaning of cognitive psychology, discussed its application in on-line teaching. From the three aspects of content, structure and presentation, based on cognitive psychology and interactive tool, the paper proposed three principles i.e., personalized, balanced and authorized. Finally, it made an online research of potential 515 users, the results showed that the importance of the SGE investor education programs. We applied it to the project to verify correctness and applicability of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the misunderstanding of service failures and complaining motivations by customers, service firms always fall into the actual dilemma of "shooting at random" and "customer loyalty dying without any illness", when conducting the failure recoveries. According to the literature research, the existing theories or models of management are insufficient to explain customer complaining behaviors and the motivations. From the viewpoint of self-concept, this paper tries to probe into the mechanism of how customer complaining motivations come into being. Based on the social psychology and cognitive psychology theories, this paper have raised that, to some degree, service failures could destroy one or more kinds of self-concept of customers, so that customers would perceive certain kinds of self-threats, which is the key variable to predict customer complaining motivations. Also, it has been proposed that the intensity of customer complaining motivations can be moderated by individual self-monitoring. Based on this theoretical logic, this paper constructs an integrated model of customer perception on service failures and complaining motivations, and indicates the future research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current packaging design of children's food in China, and studies the emotional value, intellectual value, information transmission value and brand value of story elements in the packaging design of children's food. Explores the specific application of story elements in the packaging design of children's food from three aspects, namely, the theme of the incident, the scenario of the story, and the plot design, with the help of several award-winning international packaging works in recent years.

Both Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and van Dijk's theory place emphasis on context, an essential component of the two theories. In this paper, the context models in the two theories are compared and analyzed to reveal their similarities and differences. As a tool for discourse analysis, the SFL model favors ontology, attaches more importance to the systematicness of language itself and takes context as an important factor within the language system. On the other hand, van Dijk's context model highlights the cognitive attribute of language and context, particularly the effect of cognitive psychology on the communication process and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]