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Objectives: Convolutional neural network (CNN) was widely used in landslide susceptibility assessment because of its powerful feature extraction capability. However, with the demand for scene diversification and high accuracy, the algorithm of CNN was constantly improved. The practice of improving accuracy by deepening the network hierarchy or combining other models tended to increase the number of model parameters and the amount of calculation greatly, which led to the difficulty of model training or the overfitting of results, thus limiting its practical application. We want to solve the above problems from the model structure. of feature maps, one-dimensional CNN（1D-CNN） and two-dimensional CNN（2D-CNN） were connected to maintain network depth, limit model parameters, and reduce computation. The parameters sharing of multidimensional convolution kernels was used to capture the deep coupling features of different dimensions and different landslide factors, so as to make full use of features and avoid overfitting. Taking Sedongpu gully in Xizang,China as the experimental area, this paper selected 11 kinds of landslide influencing factors to analyze the landslide susceptibility. Results: The results show that the multi-dimensional CNN coupling structure had the same training efficiency as the shallow 2D-CNN with fewer parameters due to the reduced computational effort. While compared with the deep 2D-CNN with the approximate number of parameters, the training time of the proposed method was significantly reduced and the training cost was lower. In addition, the coupled model had a stronger feature learning ability than the independent 1D-CNN and 2D-CNN, and therefore obtained higher model accuracy. Under each confusion matrix metric of the testing data, the coupled model received higher scores, and thus obtained more reliable landslide susceptibility assessment results. Conclusions: The multidimensional CNN coupling model proposed in this paper is a reliable method applicable to landslide susceptibility assessment. This study provides new theoretical guidance and technical support for further landslide hazard monitoring and prevention [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity as the global climate changes. Risk assessment for agricultural drought disasters is an important approach for disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the formation mechanism of natural disaster risk, the index system model of agricultural drought risk assessment in North China was constructed, and the robustness of the established risk assessment model was tested by using the internal test method. Then based on the characteristics of agricultural drought risk formation in North China, the paper proposes corresponding risk prevention recommendations. The conclusions were as follows: when adjusting the indices and methods in the risk assessment model, the range of changes in the agricultural drought risk ranking for each city was mostly 1-2.5 places, and the model was relatively robust. With the exception of Beijing and Tianjin, which had the highest disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, central and northern China had the highest agricultural drought risk, which was previously linked to the high risk and vulnerability of these regions. The agricultural drought risk in northern Henan and southern Shandong is low, mainly due to the low risk. The 34 cities in North China can be divided into 6 agricultural drought risk clusters, which are not dispersed in space and cross-city distribution, and have good aggregation. Cluster 4, located in the northernmost mountainous areas, has the highest risk of drought, which is associated with high environmental vulnerability and low capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation, so agricultural areas should be reduced and agricultural input should be increased. Clusters 2, 5 and 6, located in the central and southern regions, have higher grain acreage and yields due to drought, so agricultural drought risk can be further reduced by increasing agricultural input and improving irrigation guarantee rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of Beidou navigation satellite system, a large number of studies have been conducted on the application data transmission of Beidou short messages in areas with frequent geological disasters. How to analyze its safety has become the key to engineering application. In this paper, FMEA is used to provide an application data safety analysis method based on Beidou short messages. In order to ensure the correctness of data as the starting point, possible failure modes are analyzed, especially the risks caused by data changes. According to the failure mode, the corresponding risk mitigation measures are given to prevent or mitigate the risks. This will provide safety assistance for the wide application of Beidou short message in the future rail transit field to improve the overall safety of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shunyi fault in the Beijing Plain region is a significant late Pleistocene active fault. The Beijing Capital International Airport ( BCIA) is situated within the central segment of the Shunyi Fault. Since 2010, ground fissures on the airport's runway have progressively worsened, with a maximum vertical displacement difference of up to 20 cm, severely affecting airport safety. Presently, the impact of Shunyi fault activity on the ground fissures at the BCIA is primarily described qualitatively. This paper, based on research regarding the geometric structure of the Shunyi Fault, Quaternary activity, and investigations of the ground fissures at the Capital Airport, employs the fault dislocation model to quantitatively analyze the influence of the Shunyi Fault's creepsliding activity as well as the 1996 Shunyi ML 4.5 earthquake on the formation of airport ground fissures. The study also discusses the increasing risk of ground fissure hazards in the event of a potential strong earthquake along the Shunyi fault in the future. The preliminary results suggest that with a vertical activity rate of 0.6 mm / year, 46 years of Shunyi Fault's creep-sliding activity results in differential subsidence of no more than 2.5 cm on both sides of the airport ground fissures, contributing to approximately 20% of the formation and development of these fissures. The impact of the Shunyi ML 4.5 earthquake on the formation of airport ground fissures is minimal. However, if a future M 7.0 earthquake occurs on the Shunyi fault, the estimated maximum land differential subsidence between two sides of the fault could reach 104 cm, increasing the risk of airport ground fissure disasters by a factor of five. Ground differential settlement due to groundwater extraction from the upper and deeper layers of the Shunyi fault's hanging wall contributes about 70% to the formation and development of airport ground fissures, remaining the primary factor. The study's results provide essential scientific references for precise prevention and control of ground fissure disasters at BCIA. Furthermore, to further reveal the causes and mechanisms of delayed geological disasters along the Shunyi fault, such as ground fissures and land differential subsidence, it is recommended to implement dynamic monitoring of cross-fault crustal displacement or deformation at crucial segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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With the promotion of government affairs data transformation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang government affairs Ding Talk（referred to as “Ding Talk”）, as the office platform of government affairs system, is widely used in the province. The early warning information service application of the emergency early warning information release system（referred to as the “emergency system”） is carried out based on Ding Talk. The government realizes the early warning information service that can directly reach the government personnel, further expands the coverage of the early warning information of the emergency system, and improves the service efficiency of meteorological disaster prevention and reduction.This paper analyzed the existing functional framework of the emergency system in Zhejiang Province,and focused on the application research of various information service channels of Ding Talk,which is connected to the emergency system.In addition,we developed an online early warning service applet on the Ding Talk to realize real-time viewing of current effective early warnings.Ding Talk has highlighted its good business application ability and development prospects in developing early warning information services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Volcanic hazard evaluation and zonation, as the effective countermeasures, plays an important role in volcanic emergency response and hazard mitigation. Taking Changbaishang volcano as an example, this paper reviews on the study history of volcanic hazard zonation in China. The major types of volcanic hazards in China, which are potentially related with the active volcanoes, involve tephra fallout, pyroclastic flow, lava flow and lahar. The volcanic zoning maps of Changbaishan volcano compiled in 2000 and 2012 respectively show the progresses in volcanic hazard assessment and hazard zonation of China. It is proposed that the probabilistic method such as event tree should be applied in compiling the volcanic hazard map of China in future, which represents the most-up-to-date technical trend in volcanic hazard zonation in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flood modeling is a hot research topic in urban flood control and disaster mitigation around the world. Existing reviews on urban flood modeling are usually based on flooding process or calculation algorithms, but lacking a demand- oriented perspective. With the deepening demands on urban flood modeling, the application scenarios have become more and more complicated. Under various application scenarios, different processes are concerned, so new modeling technical strategies are needed, and different priorities and challenges are encountered. It is difficult to clarify these differences without considering the specific application scenario. According to modeling objectives and concerns, three typical application scenarios of urban flood modeling are deduced: modeling of urban fluvial / coastal floods, modeling of urban stormwater, and modeling of urban pluvial floods. Correspondingly, four technical strategies such as urban flood routing models, urban stormwater models, semi-distributed pluvial flood models and fully distributed pluvial flood models are developed specifically. Furthermore, different integrations of modeling technologies and their priorities, as well as the encountered challenges under different application scenarios and different technical strategies are also discussed. The present paper provides a comprehensive overview on urban flood modeling technologies from the viewpoint of application demands and hence provides a new perspective for urban flood modeling applications and researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The alluvial river flooding problem in Inner Mongolia is prominent along the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Studying the scour and silting evolution of the river and the response mechanism of the floods can provide technical support for flood prevention and disaster mitigation in this river section. According to data on ice flood and scour and silting evolution, this paper produces the response relationship between a scour and silting evolution characteristics indicator and an ice flood condition change representation indicator based on formulaic calculations and related analyses. The results show that bankfull discharge, a characteristic indicator of river scour and siltation evolution, is closely related to the characterization indicators for ice flood sub-ice flow capacity and trough water storage increment. The under-ice flow capacity is about 1/5 that of bankfull discharge, and it decreases as bankfull discharge decreases. In addition, the channel detention increment increases as bankfull discharge decreases. The safety flow capacity in the main channel for ice flood control should not be less than 2 000 m³/s, and the increment in water storage should be kept below 1.4 billion m³ in the reach. The preliminary results can serve as a major guide for ice flood control in Inner Mongolian reaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Large-scale human engineering activities induce and aggravate the landslide disaster, which seriously threatens the engineering safety and environmental safety. Landslide susceptibility assessment is the key technique of landslide monitoring and early warning. In view of the limited data sources of traditional landslide monitoring Methods: and the lack of effective Methods: for mining the spatial distribution of landslide hazards and their inducing factors, the main Objective: of this study was to investigate the prediction performances of synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for landslide susceptibility assessment in the Wanzhou area of the Three Gorges, China. Methods:: The landslide susceptibility assessment Methods: used in this paper are SMOTE and CNN. SMOTE is an improved random oversampling algorithm, which was used to better the imbalance of input samples. CNN is a widely used deep learning network and differs from other neural networks mainly in convolution operation. CNN was used to analyze the nonlinear relationship between landslides and its influencing factors. Firstly, 22 influencing factors were extracted from multi-source data such as topographic, geological, and remote sensing data, and multicollinearity test was performed on these factors. Then, the grid unit with a spatial resolution of 25 m was selected as the mapping unit. 30% of the initial sample dataset was selected randomly for testing of the CNN, and the remaining 70% was expanded by using SMOTE to obtain 1:1 landslide and non-landslide dataset. 90% of the proportionally balanced dataset was randomly selected as the training set and the remaining 10% as the validation set. Thirdly, the obtained training sam - ple set is input to the CNN and six optimal model parameters were set to ensure the stability and efficiency of the model. Finally, the trained CNN was used to generate landslide susceptibility zoning map, and the receiver operating characteristic curves, testing and validating set were used for evaluating the accuracy and Results of the proposed model.Results The proposed SMOTE-CNN model with the highest predictive accuracy and generalization ability was trained and then used to calculate the landslide susceptibility indices. The index values of the grid cells vary from zero to one and correspond to landslide susceptibilities from low to high. The landslide susceptibility maps were created using these values. For easy visual interpretation, the susceptibility values were classified into five classes (very low,low,moderate,high,and very high) using Jenks natural breaks. Approximately, 59.57 % of the landslides lie in the very-high-susceptibility region, 18.74% of the landslides lie in the high-susceptibility region, 10.73% of the landslides lie in the moderatesusceptibility region, and 10.96 % of the landslides lie in the low- and very-low-susceptibility regions. The experimental Results demonstrate that the proposed model provides the best predictive accuracy. The model can effectively assess landslide susceptibility and provides a novel method for landslide prediction.Conclusions: The SMOTE and CNN were applied to quantitatively mapping the landslide susceptibility in Wanzhou area of the Three Gorges, China. The experimental Results: show that SMOTE and CNN have good stability, and the Results were consistent with field investigations and can provide a reference for landslide prevention and reduction in the Three Gorge, China. In addition, CNN has the characteristics of strong adaptability and is good at mining local features of data and extracting global training features and classification. However, the physical meaning of CNN model is not clear, and it takes a long time to process a large amount of data, so it relies on GPU acceleration. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research from the aspects of super-parameter optimization combination, model structure adjustment, applicability analysis etc., so as to improve the accuracy and robustness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pre-failure evolution of landslides is of great value for the analysis of landslide triggering factors and post-disaster stability assessment. At present, optical images are commonly employed to ana⁃ lyze the pre-failure evolution, but it is well-known that their data availability could be highly limited due to the presence of clouds. With the advance in radar remote sensing and interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR), it could provide a new technical approach for landslide pre-failure detection. In this paper, the 2018 Nanyu landslide in Gansu Province is utilized to demonstrate the capability of InSAR to trace its pre-failure surface displacements using European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 radar data with a temporal interval of 12 days in different tracks. The results show that the landslide began to deform in June of 2017, and the maximum cumulative deformation reached up to 77 mm in the 13 months before the occurrence of the landslide. The time series InSAR derive displacements and the rainfall data is consistent, suggesting that the rainfall should be one of the triggering factors for the landslide. The study demonstrates the potential of radar interferometry for landslide detection, which can provide insights on landslide triggering factors, landslide disaster prevention and mitigation, and even landslide monitoring and early warning work in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Data from 2010 China General Social Survey, this paper presents a comparative analysis on the urban-rural differences in environmental concern in mainland China. Firstly, it could be concluded from the literature review that the Residence Hypothesis-that urban residents are more environmentally concerned than the rural-had once been extensively supported in the western countries, and there are mainly three theoretical explanations for this hypothesis: differential-exposure theory, differential-occupation theory, and differential-experience theory. Secondly, the measurement model for Chinese residents' environmental concern consists of five facets-New Ecological Paradigm (NEP), the degree of attention paid to environmental issues, the assessment of environmental hazards, the willingness to pay for environmental protection, and daily environmental behaviors- and 21 indicators in total; the results of second-order confirmatory factor analysis indicate that both urban and rural residents share a coherent belief system in perceiving environmental issues. Thirdly, the results of ANOVA analysis indicate that there are indeed significant differences in the level of urban-rural residentsf environmental concern, with urban residents show more environmental concern in many aspects. Fourthly,the results of Structural Equation Modeling indicate that only differential-exposure theory can explain a part of urban-rural differences while the other two are not supported by data; besides, environmental knowledge and media use display significant mediating effects on the formation of the gap between the urban and the rural residents. Last but not the least, it is inappropriate or limited to apply the theories rooted in western societies to explain the urban-rural differences in mainland China; furthermore, judging from both the existing studies and the variation trend in the long term, the urban-rural differences in environmental concern are definitely being convergent and will finally go to the isomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HJ- 1 satellite is a naive optical satellite, specializing in the environment and disaster monitoring, which has a high time and space resolution, and could be downloaded freely. So it's able to monitor the sediment concentration timely, continuously and accurately, and has a good application prospect for monitoring the second type inland water by remote sensing. This paper has taken the middle reaches of Yangtze River in Wuhan as the study area. A precise sediment concentration calculation model is developed, by making use of the first and third bands of CCD data in HJ-1 satellite. After this, it retrieves the sediment concentration in Wuhan reach, and gets its space distribution map on November 14th, 2008. The result has showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) of this model is 8. 84 mg/L, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 13. 6%. The sediment concentration in Yangtze river is higher than Han river near Wuhan city, and the concentration is higher near the central bar than other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)