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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (ESIN), and to accurately differentiate between the“cell atypia”and“tissue atypia”, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for accurate diagnosis of ESCI for clinical pathologists. Methods Clinical data of 162 patients with typical ESIN were collected. Typical manifestations of ESIN were observed under light microscope. Clinicopathological features indicative of the neoplasia were summarized, and the pathological causes of the neoplasia were analyzed. Literature review was also conducted. Results The male-to-female ratio was 126 ∶ 36 and the average age was (61.48±9.16) years. In the age grouping, Mann-Whitney test showed that the differences in the median ESIN grade among different age groups were statistically significant (Z = -2.911, P = 0.0036) . Compared with the < 61-year- old group, ESIN was more likely to occur in the ≥ 61-year-old group. Light microscopy revealed clinicopathological features indicative of neoplasia, such as increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, increased mitotic figures, more keratinized granules and nucleated cells in the surface layer, eosinophilic cytoplasm of tumor cells, sebaceous gland-like cells in the basal layer, neoplastic cells growing in parallel or obliquely, disordered cell arrangement and absence of polarization, absence of maturation gradient, abnormal keratosis, intraepithelial angiogenesis and epithelial foot extension or push-type growth. Conclusions ESIN is more likely to occur in men aged 61 years or older. Light microscopy reveals potential clinicopathological features indicative of neoplasia, which can assist clinical pathologists to make accurate diagnosis of ESIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Autogenous dentin particles are increasingly used in various bone augmentation surgeries. Moderate demineralization may expose collagen and growth factors on the dentin surface and promote bone regeneration, but the degree of demineralization has not been clearly reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of autogenous dentin particles demineralized with different degrees as bone graft materials on promoting bone regeneration in alveolar bone site preservation. METHODS: Six beagles were selected and the second, third and fourth premolars of bilateral mandible were extracted. After grinding, crushing, sifting, pickling, disinfection and cleaning, dentin particles with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 mm were prepared. According to the time of pickling in 2% nitric acid, the samples received undemineralized (0 minute), demineralized for 1 minute (mild), demineralized for 10 minutes (moderate) and demineralized for 40 minutes (severe). The prepared dentin particles were filled into the tooth socket respectively, and the extraction socket without implanted dentin particles was a blank control. At 6 months after surgery, the bone graft area was observed by gross inspection, radiographic examination, and histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation: The crests of alveolar ridge in the dentin particle groups were full and discontinuous crest with depressions was found in blank control group. (2) Cone beam CT showed that continuous alveolar ridge was formed in the dentin particle groups, discontinuous alveolar ridge and low density in the center of alveolar bone in the blank control group, and uneven density in alveolar socket in the undemineralized and mild demineralized groups with scattered high density image. Uniform and higher density was displayed in alveolar sockets of the moderate demineralized group and the alveolar sockets in the severe demineralized group were empty with low density images. (3) Histological observation: A large amount of dentin particles and insect phagocytic defects in the particles of the undemineralized group were found to be surrounded by scattered new bone tissue. In the mild demineralized group, a small amount of particles remained and were surrounded by new bone. In the moderate demineralized group, there were some residual dentin particles and bone cells arranged in regular order. In the severe demineralized group, there was no residual dentin granule and bone cells were mature and arranged regularly. In the blank control group, the trabeculae in alveolar socket were arranged disorderly and bone marrow cavity was filled with abundant fibrous connective tissue. (4) It is concluded that autogenous dentin particles with different degrees of demineralization possess the potential to guide new bone formation in alveolar bone preservation. The dentin particles that are demineralized for 10 minutes demonstrated the best effects on promoting bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is a mollusc with calcium carbonate shell, while the brachiopod Lingula anatina is with calcium phosphate biominerals. Here, we compared ultrastructure observations of the marginal region and the central region of mantles between C. gigas and L. anatina using histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approaches. Our results found both species have similar cell types including the columnar epidermis cell, electron-dense granules cell and electron-transparent granules cell. However, the ultrastructure of the columnar epidermal subtype cells and the inclusion contents of secretory cells in those two species were different. The columnar epidermal cells of C. gigas consists of subtype A that mainly concentrated on the marginal region of mantle, subtype B mainly concentrated on the central region of mantle and subtype C was not common. The sizes of those cells were 7-15 μm. Meanwhile, columnar epidermal cells of L. anatina consist of subtypes A', B' and C'. Their sizes are 10-15 μm. As for secretory cells, both species had electron-dense granules cell and electron-transparent granules cell. However, L. anatina also contained a special class of secretory cells containing lamellar bodies. Those results can partially explain the difference of shell composition between brachiopods and mollusc, and provide reference for the study of shell formation mechanism and mineralization of brachiopods and mollusc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration, and Yaotu Granule can significantly delay the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yaotu Granule in the proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the expression of microRNA-221 (miR-221). METHODS: MiR-221 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into rat nucleus pulposus cells to establish miR-221 overexpression and inhibition models. Tumor necrosis factor-α was used to induce nucleus pulposus cell degeneration model. The degenerated nucleus pulposus cells were treated with 100 and 200 mg/L Yaotu Granule freeze-dried powder (low and high dose groups). In the miR-221 mimics + Yaotu Granule group, miR-221 mimic and 200 mg/L Yaotu Granule freeze-dried powder were added. Cell counting kit-8 and TUNEL assay were used to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis, RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of miR-221, and western blot was used to detect the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MiR-221 mimics reduced cell prolifecation at 24, 48, 72 hours (P < 0.05) and promoted cell apoptosis at 48 hours (P < 0.05); miR-221 inhibitors had the opposite results (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal group, tumor necrosis factor-α inhibited cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and upregulated miR-221 expression (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, low- and high-dose Yaotu Granules increased cell proliferation, reduced cell apoptosis, and downregulated miR-221 expression (all P < 0.05). Compared with the mimics group, cell proliferation improved, apoptosis rate decreased, the protein expression of Bax reduced, and the Bcl-2 protein expression up-regulated in the miR-221 mimics + Yaotu Granule group (all P < 0.05). To conclude, miR-221 has an effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells, and Yaotu Granule can delay the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration by downregulating the expression of miR-221. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to study the expression levels of Cd24a molecules and prostaglandin metabolism related enzymes in ovarian granular cells of polycystic ovary syndrome (polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS) mouse mode. Twenty female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group (normal mice) and the experimental group (dehydroepiandrosterone was used to establish PCOS mouse model), with 10 mice in each group. Control group was given sesame oil solution (0.1 mL/100 g). In the experimental group, dehydroepiandrosterone (6 mg/100 g) combined with sesame oil solution (0.1 mL/100 g) was injected subcutaneously in the neck for 20 days. Ovarian histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylineosin staining. mRNA expression levels of Cd24a molecule and prostaglandin metabolism related enzymes in mouse ovarian granule cells were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The body weight of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The ovary of the experimental group showed polycystic changes, the number of granulosa cells decreased, the number of atresia follicles increased, and the diameter of atresia follicles was significantly larger than that of the control group. mRNA expression levels of Cd24a molecule and prostaglandin metabolism related enzymes in the experimental group were significantly different than those in the control group (P<0.05). Abnormal expression of Cd24a molecule and prostaglandin metabolism related enzymes in ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS mice suggested that Cd24a molecule was associated with PCOS disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate I lie application status of traditional Chinese medicine and combination application with western Medicine in prescriptions from Xiamen the Second Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) , so as to provide reference for the rational drug application in clinic. METHODS: 13 704 prescriptions were extracted from Jul. to Nov. 2015 (except for traditional Chinese medicine) and 16 562 prescriptions were extracted from Jnl. to Nov. 2016 (except for traditional Chinese medicine) in hospital information system, totally 30 266 prescriptions were extracted. And the combination application ol traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine was analyzed. RESULTS: From Jul. to Nov. 2016, the Irequency ol application ol traditional Chinese medicine granules increased significantly compared with the corresponding period ol 2015, vet the Irequency ol application ol traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces decreased. From Jul. to Nov. 2015, decoction pieces took the most proportion ol the top 10 traditional Chinese medicine ranked by Irequency ol application, yet the formula granules took the most proportion ol the top 10 traditional Chinese medicine ranked by Irequency ol application in the corresponding period ol 2016. The frequency ol application ol traditional Chinese medicine granules was in an increasing tendency, the combination application ol traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine was mainly concentrated on the drug combination ol traditional Chinese medicine granules with western medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The Irequency ol application ol traditional Chinese medicine granules is increasing, and the frequency ol application ol decoction pieces is decreasing. Most combination application ol traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine are rational, vet there are still some irrational drug combination. The clinicians should follow the principle ol traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment, so as to promote rational drug application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]