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This article recommends a pharmaceutical analysis experiment "chiral capillary electrophoresis analysis of the stereoisomers of the drug Glycopyrrolate bromide". The experiment includes the selection of cyclodextrin chiral selector, optimization of capillary electrophoresis separation conditions, and construction of a standard curve. From the perspective of pharmaceutical analysis, this experiment focuses on introducing the principle of capillary electrophoresis analysis, the principle of chiral separation, and the importance of analyzing stereoisomeric impurities in drugs. It is suggested to be offered in majors such as applied chemistry, pharmacy, and pharmaceutical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction propagations between multiple pathogens can change propagation threshold and steady-state density of each other. This provides a new thinking of the virus immune method. This paper developed an interaction spread model between viruses and immune agents using compartment theory on the double coupling networks and proposed the evaluation indexes of immune effect. The immune agents could spread in host group just as the viruses do. Each node infected by immune agents would be free from viruses and propagate immune agents to its neighbor nodes with some probability. Viruses and immune agents may spread in the same host group but different transmission pathway. Simulation experiments show that immune transmissions reduce significantly the range and speed of virus transmissions on the synthetic networks and real networks. There are ideal immune parameters with low resource consumption and highly immune effect. The spread method of immunization a-gents can bring obviously immune effects on the virus prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate preliminarily the clinical efficacy of two types of hepatic inflow occlusion in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A total of 54 patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy were divided into two groups; RIP group ( regional ischemic preconditioning with continuous clamping, n = 15) and HHV group( hemi-hepatic vascular inflow occlusion, n = 39 ). HHV was performed by placing a clamp on the right hepatic artery and right portal vein, and was maintained until the liver resection was completed. In the RIP group, HHV was preceded by a 5-min period of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion. The clinical indicators of the two groups were compared. Results The volume of intraoperative blood loss had significant difference between the two groups (P =0.039). One case (6.7% ) in the RIP group and 17 cases (43.6% ) in the HHV group received postoperative blood transfusion, showing a significant difference (P =0.010). No postoperative 30-day mortality happened in all patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups in hospital stay or postoperative morbidity, including hepatic insufficiency, infection, ascites, pleural effusion, cardiopulmonary complications and intestinal ventilation lime ( P > 0. 05 for all). The RIP group had a significantly higher PTA level at postoperative clays 3 and 5 (P < 0.001 ). Although no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding total bilirubin, albumin, prealbumin and aminotransferase (P > 0.05 ) during any postoperative stage, the ALT recovered to normal level in 5 patients (33. 3% ) of the RIP group and only in one case (2.7%) of the HHV group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P =0.006). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that regional ischemic preconditioning may have better hemostatic effect on hepatectomy, can reduce postoperative blood transfusion and promote early recovery of liver function than hemi-hepatic vascular inflow occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of safety and minimally invasion, hysteroscopic surgery has gotten popularity and has become the routine for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of intrauterine pathology. Advantages consist of short operating time, rapid postoperative recovery and low morbidity. However, during hysteroscopic surgery there are concerns about potential complications such as venous air and gas embolism. These are rare but hazardous complications, which can occur in all surgical procedures. In hysteroscopic surgery, large uterine veins may be exposed and are, therefore, entries for gas or air. A number of fatal cases have been described as case reports. Although awareness for air and gas embolism is raised this way, proper guidelines how to reduce the risk of venous gas or air embolism are lacking. The pathophysiologic difference between gas and air embolism is described herein because composition of the gases differs with their different physiologic effects. Signs and symptoms of patients are described, as early detection and intervention are crucial for survival. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for operating department personnel, surgeons, and anesthesiologists to reduce the risk of venous gas or air embolism during hysteroscopic procedures. Potential complications of these procedures may be prevented by this way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MWCNTs was oxidized by the oxidation system (V( H2SO4 : V( HNO3 = 3:1. In order to study the properties of re-adsorption, different reflux time was used to get different amounts of oxygen containing functional groups. The structure of the sample was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR $, scanning electron microscope (SEM $ and BET nitrogen adsorption method. The results show that a large amount of reactive functional groups such as carboxyl was obtained on the surface of the MWCNTs. The pore structure and dispersity of the MWCNTs was changed after the oxidization. The most suitable oxidative reflux time was 1.5 h. And in this condition, the O-MWCNTs has the highest equilibrium re-adsorption water content (493% $ . The properties of re-adsorption and the amount of oxygen containing functional groups present certain positive correlation. So we realized that the oxygen containing functional group was very important to influence the properties of re-adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on B3LYP method of quantum chemistry methods, the optimized structure and frequency of the aromatic acid and single-molecule water system were calculated using the GAUSSIAN09 at B3LYP/6-311 + +G (d, p) level. Quantum chemical simulation was used to study the structure changes, charge distribution, frequency changes and the binding energy. AIM theory was used to study the electron density of the system topology. The results show that all the systems form two hydrogen bonds, the hydrogen 1 (the hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group as a proton donor) is stronger than the hydrogen 2 (the hydrogen atom in water as a proton donor) . The hydrogen 1 plays a leading role of affecting the binding energy. In the system of aromatic acid and single-molecule water, the binding energy is in the range of 38. 0-40. 0 kj/mol which decreases with the increase of aromatic ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the frame building made of glubam. Four beam-column portal frame specimens with steel bolted joints selected from the demonstration projects were subjected to lateral forces, to obtain monotonic and cyclic load deformation relationships and to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the glubam bolted joints. The test results show that the stress of each bolt in the bolt-group is uneven and split of glubam governs the joint failure. However the bolts with smaller stress could dissipate energy in the earthquake action. A significant difference was found between the experimental and analytical capacities based on GB 50005--2003 and ANSI/AF&PA NDS-2012 timber structures codes. However, it is recommended that the conservative design values based on current timber structure codes can be considered for design of glubam frames with bolted joints, in the absence of the specifications of glubam structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of assessing vulnerabilities more effectively, from the vulnerability availability, this paper analyzed the shortcomings of common vulnerability scoring system(CVSS) as the evaluation indicators based on the vulnerability correlation assessment method. Meanwhile, on the basis of the improved CVSS evaluation indicators, this paper put forward a more sensible vulnerability availability evaluation system and promoted the original vulnerability assessment method. This method also mines its own characteristics of vulnerability effectively, assesses vulnerability scientifically and verifies its rationality and validity by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of products produced through freeze concentration is better than that produced through evaporation concentration and has lower energy consumed. But freeze concentration has been limited for industrial production because of the loss of soluble solids caused by ice crystal entrainment. Reducing the ice crystal entrainment and losses is critical for industrial production of freeze concentration. The breakthrough is to control ice crystal growth behavior. In order to develop a freeze concentration process mathematical model for simulating the evolution of ice crystal growth from the microscopic structure, through regarding liquid food as water and solute in binary system, the phase-field model theory was applied, liquid food system was treated as water and solute in binary system. The effects of ice crystal growth and solute concentration distribution over crystallized time were studied. Results showed that the crystallized time could affect the growth of lateral branch. Ice crystal growed gradually when the main branch become thinner and the secondary dendritic arms were well-developed. Solute field and phase field profiles were consistent. The solute concentration of ice crystals contained was greater, and the regional solute concentration distribution also changed. The precipitatied solute by crystallization was not completely dissoluted into the liquid phase since the solute diffusion velocity was much less than the ice crystal growth rate. The solute concentrated on the ice front of solid liquid interface. The solute concentration distribution was different in different parts of the solid-liquid interface. The solute concentration between crystal branches was the highest since the well-developed lateral dendritic branch captured the partion of the solute. The solute of lateral interface of ice crystals was enriched. The speed in the lateral ice crystals was slower than in the tip of ice crystals, which caused not sufficiently diffusion of the solute in lateral crystals. The solute concentration of ice crystals on cutting-edge solid-liquid interface showed the peaks and troughs by the solute redistribution. The solute concentration peak was formed because the growth rate of ice crystal tips was quickly enough to fully diffuse the solute. The trough corresponded to the ice crystal's solid phase. The simulation results were consistent with the experiment observation. The entrainment rate of ice crystals increased when the freeze concentrated time reached at a certain time. The entrainment rate of ice crystal could be reduced with properly controlling the crystallized time during freeze concentration process. In this study, we ignored the latent heat released and used an isothermal simulation. The simulation system was treated as dual components with water and solute. The influencing factors such as cooling rate, convection, super-cooling degree need to be further investigated. The non-isothermal algorithm and multiple structure of liquid food also need to be considered in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used persulfate -- sodium sulfite as the initiator, the synthesis of a quaternary copolymer from 2 -- acry-lamide-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid(AMPS), N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAM), fumaric acid (FA), vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) was studied. By orth -- ogonal experimental design, the optimal reaction conditions were obtained as following: reaction temperature of 50°C, initiator amount of 0. 12%(wt) and pH7. The product7 s structure was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1H -- NMR), hermogravimetry(TG)analysis, Zeta potentiostatic test and SEM observation, meanwhile found that the decomposition temperature is 320°C or so. At 180°C, it can control the water loss of cement slurry to 60mL within the API, also discussed the mechanism of reduce water loss of the polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the frailty of patients with long-term maintenance dialysis (MD) and its influencing factors, and to explore the correlation of different dialysis modalities with the re-infection of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and frailty syndrome. Methods Patients with regular dialysis in Nephrology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from February to June 2023 were selected. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect clinical data of the patients, including dialysis modality (i. e. maintenance hemodialysis, abbreviated as hemodialysis, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, abbreviated as peritoneal dialysis), and whether with re-infection of COVID-19. Patients were divided into 3 groups using Fried' s frailty phenotype (FP) : non-frailty group, pre-or-intermediate frailty group, and frailty syndrome group. The clinical characteristics of the FP were compared among the three groups. The correlation of frailty with clinical data, dialysis modality, re-infection of COVID-19 in each group was compared. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the development of frailty syndrome in patients. Results A total of 246 dialysis patients were included in this study, with 77 (31.3%) in the non-frailty group, 83 (33.7%) in the pre-frailty group and 86 (35.0%) in the frailty syndrome group. The frailty syndrome group showed characteristics of advanced age, high pre-dialysis creatinine level, low serum albumin level and combined pleural effusion ( all P < 0.05 ) .There was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of frailty between the hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis group (P = 0.960).COVID-19 re-positive patients had higher frailty score than non-re-positive patients. Multifactor logistic regression showed that age, COVID-19 re-infection of COVID-19, serum albumin, pre-dialysis creatinine, and pleural effusion were factors influencing the development of frailty syndrome in dialysis patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion There is high incidence of frailty syndrome in dialysis patients, and there is no correlation of frailty with dialysis modality. High serum albumin level is a protective factor for the development of frailty syndrome in patients, whereas re-infection of COVID-19, advanced age, high pre-dialysis blood creatinine level and pleural effusion are risk factors for the development of frailty syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enjoy location-based services without leaking the users' location information to untrusted location service provider, k-anonymous location privacy protection had been well studied. However, for the original k-anonymity algorithm, all users' location privacy would be leaked when the centralized anonymizer was controlled by hackers, and the network load was very heavy when making k-nearest neighbor inquiries; for the SpaceTwist algorithm, it could not guarantee k-anonymity. This paper proposed an incremental KNN query algorithm based on the grid of latitude-longitude for location privacy protection, it came from the classical k-anonymity algorithm hybridized with the SpaceTwist algorithm, using the grids of latitude-longitude instead of the precise coordinates reported to centralized anonymizer, and thus it could solve the above problems. Experiments show that the algorithm can save the network traffic between the anonymizer and the location service provider's servers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the prognostic factors that affect patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods A total of 72 patients with stage IV esophageal cancer were selected for analysis, and the advantaged and disadvantaged groups of TCM treatment were defined according to survival time. The log-rank method was used for the univariate analysis, the rank-sum test was used for the correlation between the syndrome type and the prognostic grouping, and the Cox proportional risk model was used for multiple factors. Results The median survival of the 72 patients with esophageal cancer was 17.9 months. The univariate analysis of the result showed that the presence of organ metastasis, the presence of lung metastasis, and the post-treatment symptom self-assessment and length of herbal medication were related to the prognosis of advanced esophageal cancer treated with TCM. The rank-sum test between the TCM syndrome elements, and survival prognosis grouping showed that the syndrome element of Qi stagnation may also affect prognosis. The result of the multi-factorial analysis showed that the factor of the duration of the TCM administration was an independent factor that affects the prognosis of advanced esophageal cancer treated with TCM. Conclusion The duration of TCM treatment affected the prognosis of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern power system, relay protection device is an important tool to ensure the safe operation of the power system and monitor the quality of electricity. Traditional microcomputer relay protection device has a low computing speed, and its protection principle is also imperfect. A device of relay protection based on dual cores TMS320F2808 + N78E366A is developed, the hardware of each module part is designed. The filtering performance of the full wave Fourier algorithm is compared with the differential full wave Fourier algorithm. Then the performance of the above two algorithms is verified through simulation, meanwhile the system algorithm and the sampling points are selected. Finally, the main program diagrams of system software have also been given. The device is fast, reliable, easy to maintain, strong anti-interference, cute size, and can been easily configured into various types protection and control according to users' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Mirena with the thermal balloon endometrial ablation for menorrhagia treatment. Methods: The well -known databases in both English and Chinese were retrieved. The randomized controlled trials of Mirena and the thermal balloon endometrial ablation were included after evaluating the quality of methodology. Revman 5.2 software was then used to do statistics. Results: There were not statistical differences in the effective rate, the failure rate and the patient satisfaction between two methods. The incidence of postoperative complications and the direct medical cost in the Mirena group were significantly lower than those in the thermal balloon endometrial ablation group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Mirena is safe and effective for patients with menorrhagia. Compared with the thermal balloon endometrial ablation, Mirena is a better alternative method as the conservative treatment for menorrhagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the differences between clinicopathological features and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negative (AFP < 20 ng/ml) and positive (AFP ⩾ 20 ng/ml) hepatocellular carcinoma (HGC) patients. Methods clinicopathological data of 142 AFP-negative and 109 AFP-positive HCG patients who underwent R0 radical hepatectomy in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2006 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in this study. Results Compared with the AFP-negative patients, a higher female to male sex ratio, the later Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, more liver capsule invasion and poorer Edmondson-Steiner grade were in the AFP-positive cases (P<0.05 for all). Furthermore, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 94.4%, 82.4% and 61.0% in the AFP-negative group and 87.2%, 61.1% and 40.2%, respectively, in the AFP-positive group (P<0.001). The multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards model showed that AFP status, tumor size and Edmondson-Steiner grade are independent risk factors for survival of all the patients (P<0.05) , and large tumor and Edmondson-Steiner grades III/IV are independent risk factors for worse survival in AFP-negative patients (P<0.05). However, large tumor diameter was proved to be an independent risk factor leading to poor prognosis of AFP-positive cases (P<0.05). Conclusion High levels of AFP indicate that the tumors are more malignant and with unfavorable prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation rate of quinclorac was investigated to afford scientific basis for its rational application with paddy soil of South China at different temperature,humidity and pH value. Quinclorac was sprayed into soil at the concentration of 1 mg·kg-1 . The soils were placed in corresponding temperature condition. Soil samples were taken for analysis on 1 h and 1,3,7,14,21,30,45,60, 120 d and extracted with potassium hydroxide solution. The supernatant was cleaned up with methylene dichloride and was evaporated on a rotary evaporator. Quinclorac was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that pH value was the most obvious impact factor,the degradation rate of quinclorac was the fastest at pH = 7. 0 and the half-life is 10. 58 d. The degradation rate of quinclorac at pH=7. 0 was followed by alkaline(pH=8. 0)and acidic soil(pH=6. 0)and the half-lives are 18. 53 and 30. 81 d,respectively. Quinclorac degraded faster with higher temperature at 5-25 °C. The half-lives at (25±0. 5) °C and (35±0. 5) °C were 15. 04 d and 17. 33 d,respectively. Humidity had little effect to promote the degradation of quinclorac and the half-lives were more than 20 d at 30%,60%,90%. Therefore,adjusting the pH value of paddy soil to 7 or applying quinclorac in warm seasons 25-35 °C are beneficial to its degradation,which causes less residue and phytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper numerically analyzed the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies, and their associated risks on growth rate, inflation rate under the different monetary and fiscal policy risk mix respectively by using equilibrium in a stochastic dynamic optimal model. The research results show that the effect of different monetary fiscal policy risk mix are different in different economic conditions. The policy effect of fiscal policy on output is more significant than the effect of monetary policy, and the policy effect of monetary policy on inflation expectation is more significant than the effect of fiscal policy. Monetary and fiscal policies are interactive and complementary. Monetary policy and fiscal policy mix can remain the economy stable and sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A design method of hybrid airfoil applied in icing wind tunnel test is presented. The method employs the N-S equation to calculate pressure distribution and redesigns the hybrid airfoil derived from a reference airfoil throughout a given angle of attack or a range, with a 15% upper and 25% lower surface of the unchanged shape near leading edge and the shortened chord, aiming at the coincidence of their pressure distributions near the leading edges. A simple influence coefficient and linear interpolation of the control points approach is proposed. The design chord length of hybrid airfoil is shortened by 40% while ensuring the same shape near the leading edge. As the result, the designed hybrid airfoil has the same water droplet impingement characteristics and ice accretion with the reference airfoil. The design theory and results lay the foundation for civil aircraft icing wind tunnel test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]