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Functional nano-coatings have been a research hotspot in recent years. The nano-size composition units provide good volume effect and surface effect for functional nano-coatings, and greatly optimize the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coatings. The preparation technology and properties of functional nano-coatings determine the application range of nano-coatings. However, most reviews focus on certain properties, preparation methods or applications of functional nano-coatings, and lack of reviews on the integrity of functional nano-coatings. Firstly, this work introduced the concept and classification of functional nano-coatings briefly. Secondly, the preparation techniques of functional nano-coatings were described in detail, including traditional chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition and sol-gel method, the latest plasma spraying technology and other preparation techniques. Moreover, the principles, advantages and disadvantages of various nano-coatings preparation technologies and the application of nano-coatings in materials were analyzed and summarized. Finally, the latest and popular applications of functional nano-coatings were reviewed in detail, and the application prospect and potential of functional nano-coatings were prospected.

In order to enhance the corrosion resistance of the 17-4PH low-pressure last stage blades，the steam inlet side of the 17-4PH blades needs to be treated with laser-enhanced solid solution.The last stage blades treated with laser solution often show obvious magnetic marks in the subsequent magnetic particle inspection.Optical microscope，scanning electron microscope，X-ray diffractometer，electron probe and other analytical means were used to prove that the reason for the appearance of magnetic marks at the boundary of the laser solid solution region was a large number of austenite structures that appeared at the boundary，which reduced the permeability at the boundary of the laser solid solution region.Besides，the residual stress of laser solid solution blade was determined as compressive stress by XRD，and the three-point bending fatigue test showed that the R＝0.1 fatigue limit of 17-4PH blade could be increased from 750 MPa to 860 MPa by laser-enhanced solid solution.

With the increasing speed of urbanization, urban fringe has become the main area of urban expansion. More and more villages with historical value have been reduced to “villages in city”. Under the influence of urban departmentalism, the issue of villages in cities has added the factor of historical and cultural protection, which makes the use of public space more complex. In this paper, “urban type” historical and cultural village was used as the object. The overall framework of “implementation effect evaluation implementation process evaluation improvement strategy” was adopted as analysis basi. By integrating the qualitative comprehensive evaluation of “built environment residents’ activities social economy”and bombining the quantitative analysis of multi-source data the development strategy of public space under urban expansion and the protection of villages was discussed from the three aspects including historical and cultural heritage, improvement of living environment, and integrated development of urban and rural areas. By continuing the tradition in village, stimulating the vitality of public space, and realizing the integrated development between urban and rural areas, it would play a role of reference and enlightenment for the construction of public space in “urban” ancient villages.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with unique covalently closed circular structures and are widely found in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in the patho-physiological processes of various diseases including malignant tumors through regulating microRNAs, binding to proteins and regulating transcription and splicing process. The special structure and complex functions of circRNAs make them have great research potential in the field of cancer. Prostate cancer(PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among the world. The the pathogenesis and treatment of PCa still need to be further studied.

Bitcoin is one of the most mature public chain application systems,the user key is the critical factor to the process of determining the ownership of Bitcoin,the security of Bitcoin is guaranteed by the safe management of the user key,and the loss of the key will lead to the loss of a large number of user assets.So it is an urgent problem to recover the lost assets.This paper proposes a key update mechanism in Bitcoin based on the improved P2PKHCA (pay-to-public-key-hash-with-conditional-anonymity) script scheme to solve above problems.Firstly,the key generation algorithm in the P2PKHCA scheme is improved by introducing the key life cycle and random number to solve its key leakage problem.Secondly,the two new opcodes,OP_KEYUPDATE and OP_TSELECTION,are proposed to design the new key update script to realize the user key update of the Bitcoin system.Finally,two types of key update schemes based on the key update script are constructed to make the script suitable for the requirements of different key update applications.The security analysis and performance analysis of the key update mechanism show that the proposed mechanism realizes the recovery of lost Bitcoins in the Bitcoin system on the premise of the effective completion of update of user's key.

Background and objective With the extensive development of minimally invasive surgery for pulmonary nodules, preoperative localization becomes more and more critical. There are some defects in traditional localization methods, so it is necessary to improve. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the safety and effectiveness of two new methods, namely four-hook needle and memory alloy coil, in the localization of pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis of 152 patients was performed. 76 cases were in four-hook needle group, and 76 cases were in memory alloy coil group. Pulmonary nodules were located before operation, and then video-assisted wedge resection was performed. The average procedure time, localization complications and nodule resection time were counted. Results The target pulmonary nodules were successfully removed in both groups. In four-hook needle group, 76 patients found localization devices, all the pulmonary nodules were successfully removed, and one case was transferred to open the chest for wedge resection of pulmonary nodules due to severe thoracic adhesion. All 76 patients in memory alloy coil group were successfully resected with pulmonary nodules, and one patient underwent compromising enlarged resection because no lesion was found after the specimen was removed during the operation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, the success rate of localization and nodule wedge resection time between the two groups. The average time of localization in four-hook needle group was (13.66±3.11) min, lower than that of memory alloy coil group (15.51±3.65) min, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In memory alloy coil group, when the distance from the nodule to the pleura was ≥1.5 cm and

Objective To explore the accuracy of traditional sweat chloride test and its diagnostic value for Chinese patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods The sweat chloride level in 118 patients who were suspected to have CF in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Jan 2012 to Oct 2019 was measured,and the results were compared with the confirmed diagnosis. Results The patients' ages were (25.8±13.6)years old (15 months-67 years old). One hundred and two out of 118 patients obtained valid chloride level from their sweat chloride tests with median concentration of 43.3 mmol/L(IQR:23.8-120.1 mmol/L). Eighty were consistent with their diagnosis. Thirty-nine patients had sweat chloride values higher than 60 mmol/L, while 31(79.49%) of them were finally confirmed CF diagnosis. Sweat chloride levels of fourty cases were lower than 30 mmol/L, of which 32(80%) cases were excluded from CF. Twenty-three patients had sweat chloride level between 30 and 59 mmol/L, while 17(73.91%) of them were excluded from CF diagnosis. 66(64.71%) of our patients had reproducible results of the sweat chloride level. Conclusions The positive predictive value of the sweat chloride test is 79.49% and the negative predictive value is 80% using traditional sweat chloride test measurement. The traditional sweat chloride test has high diagnostic value for Chinese CF patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-33(IL-33)on HaCAT cells and psoriasis-like inflammation induced by imiquimod(IMQ) in mice. Methods Twenty-four hours after HaCAT cells were plated, the cell proliferation and autophagy-related protein were detect by CCK8 and Western blot. A psoriasis-like lesion model was established in mouse. Thirty female BALB/c mice of clean grade were randomly divided into three groups: control group, IMQ group, and IL-33 treatment group. After 6 days of continuous treatment, the lesions on the back of the mouse were observed. Results The treatment of IL-33 could enhance the proliferation of HaCAT cells and promote the expression of LC3, Beclin1 and p-STAT3 proteins. In the mouse psoriasis-like model, the thickened ear skin, scaly erythema and erythematous lesions on the back were seen and thickening of the epidermis, epidermal extension with parakeratosis were shown. These phenomena were more obvious in IL-33 treatment group(P＜0.05). The expression of autophagy-related proteins in the skin lesions of the IL-33 treatment group was significantly decreased compared with the control group and IMQ group(P＜0.05). Conclusions IL-33 promotes the proliferation of HaCAT cells, induces autophagy, and aggravates the occurrence and development of psoriatic lesions induced by imiquimod in mice, which may be involved in the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the clinical changes of peripheral inflammatory markers and oxidative stress during post?acute and chronic phase after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods A total of 24 sTBI patients were included in this study. The changes of peripheral inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and oxidative stress parameters [glutathione peroxidase (GSH - Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and total plasma antioxidant activity (TEAA)] were monitored. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Dyskinesia Rating Scale (DRS) were used to evaluate cognitive function and motor function. Results There were significant differences on IL-6 (F = 105.982, P = 0.000), IFN-γ (F = 19.873, P = 0.000), GSH-Px (F = 162.090, P = 0.000), SOD (F = 28.254, P = 0.000) and CAT (F = 4.782, P = 0.011) during different periods of sTBI (post-acute phase, chronic early phase, chronic phase). IL-6 and GSH-Px in chronic early phase (IL-6: t = 11.753, P = 0.000; GSH-Px: t = 16.901, P = 0.000) and chronic phase (IL-6: t = 14.533, P = 0.000; GSH-Px: t = 13.828, P = 0.000) were significantly lower than post-acute phase. IL-6 and GSH-Px in chronic phase (IL-6: t = 2.341, P = 0.012; GSH-Px: t = 3.073, P = 0.003) were significantly lower than chronic early phase. SOD in chronic early phase and chronic phase was significantly higher than post-acute phase (t = 7.264, P = 0.000; t = 5.303, P = 0.000). CAT in chronic early phase was significantly higher than post-acute phase (t = 3.060, P = 0.003). After 12 months, 24 patients completed the follow-up, and their FIM scores were significantly increased (t = 36.260, P = 0.000), while DRS scores were significantly decreased (t = 49.010, P = 0.000). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-6 (r = 0.446, P = 0.020) and GSH-Px (r = 0.142, P = 0.000) were positively correlated with overall cognitive performance index (CPI). IL-6 was positively correlated with attention (r = 0.431, P = 0.026) and executive function (r = 0.522, P = 0.005) of synthetic index (SI). IFN-γ (r = 0.497, P = 0.009) and TNF-α (r = 0.479, P = 0.009) were positively correlated with executive function of SI. GSH-Px was positively correlated with all SI (r = 0.220, P = 0.000; r = 0.344, P = 0.000; r = 0.011, P = 0.000). Conclusions Imbalance of oxidative stress response and over-production of inflammatory markers in acute phase of patients with severe traumatic brain injury might adversely affect the neurological functional recovery. Inflammatory markers and oxidative stress response might offer a feasible way to monitor recovery and predict the prognosis after severe traumatic brain injury. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.02.009

Background and objective Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19 (CYFRA21-1) are important tumor markers (TMs) in the preoperative examination of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognostic role of these markers in NSCLC patients remains controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum CEA variances and CYFRA21-1 levels for the prognosis of NSCLC patients following surgery. Methods This retrospective study investigated the clinical records and follow-up sessions of 175 patients with NSCLC who accepted surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were subdivided into groups based on serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier method for each group. The prognostic factor was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards model. Results The overall survival (OS) of patients with high preoperative CEA or CYFRA21-1 levels was lower than that of patients with normal preoperative CEA or CYFRA21-1 levels. The OS displayed a significant difference (P=0.001) between groups with high and normal preoperative CYFRA21-1. Compared with groups exhibiting normal preoperative and postoperative levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1, the OS was shorter for groups with high preoperative and postoperative levels of CEA or CYFRA21-1. The difference of the paired groups was significant (P

According to the problem of high energy consumption and high refrigeration value lost existed in the cooling system during the mine construction period of new mine in Shandong Yuncheng, the paper provided measures to improve the insulation structure of cooling air transportation tube, to optimize the structure of air conditioner, to improve the spraying mode of air conditioner and others. After the improvement, the comprehensive refrigeration value lost of the air conditioner was reduced to the previous 1.1%, the supply and return water temperature difference of air conditioner was increased about 10 °C, the water flow was reduced to 1/4 of the previous water flow and the input power of water pump could be reduced to 41.7% of the previous power. Meanwhile, the theoretical performance coefficient of the refrigeration unit could be increased about 15% and the high efficient and energy saving operation of the cooling system could be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain distribution characteristics of liquid nitrogen boiling sections in freezing pipe, an in-situ liquid nitrogen freezing experiment was carried out in this study. There are opened holes on the liquid nitrogen supplying tube. The temperature and distribution of liquid nitrogen boiling sections can be obtained through the temperature measuring tube installed inside the freezing pipe. The study shows that firstly, the export temperature of the freezing pipe with opening-holes on supplying tube is lower than that of traditional pipe when liquid nitrogen boiling sections appear in the freezing pipe. Secondly, with the increase of liquid nitrogen perfusion, liquid nitrogen boiling sections appear initially on the top of opening-holes supply pipe, and gradually extend down the pipe. It is difficult to obtain the boiling situation on the sections with no opened-holes in the upper freezing pipe. Thirdly, the frozen wall is non-uniform because of the amount difference of liquid nitrogen gasification in different positions. The test results show that the adjustment on the open-holes sections of the supply pipe and the amount of liquid nitrogen supply can effectively determine the distribution characteristics of the liquid nitrogen boiling sections. The adjustment of liquid nitrogen boiling sections, which may improve the efficiency in liquid nitrogen usage, can enhance the rapid freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the conflict between right -- turn vehicles and through bicycles, o enhance the operational efficiency, we analyze the conflict mechanism between right -- turn vehicles and through bicycles and running characteristics of bicycles on two -- phase intersection, and determine the critical value of through bicycle flow for setting right -- turn vehicle signal. For the sake of reducing the conflict and enhancing the intersectional operational efficiency, we determine the start -- up of green time and its length, and then establish a relevant model of parameters demarcated. Based on collected data in field, the simulated verification is completed by VISSIM. The results indicate that the delay of right -- turn vehicles and the conflict are reduced obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discused on the processing technology of the worsted wool yarn of high percentage of tussah. According to the property of dye and spun for tussah, we optimized and improved the technology from dyeing, re-washing process, combing to spinning. During the tussah production process many experiments were done on the key process technology and the quality control. The practice showed that the colorability was the best at 90 °C to keep temperature time, it may reduce static generation in the combing process by re-washing twice and adding oil-water agent twice, quality of yarn was the best under the condition of ensuring the relative humidity of the former spinning workshop and the storage time of the wool top from the first needle carding process, and at same time some main parts such as the roller should be treated especially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 170 chemical modifications have been discovered in various types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). These RNA modifications play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes such as gene expression regulation, RNA stability maintenance, and protein translation. RNA modifications represent a new dimension of gene expression regulation known as the "epitranscriptome". The discovery of RNA modifications and the relevant writers, erasers, and readers provides an important basis for studies on the dynamic regulation and physiological functions of RNA modifications. Owing to the development of detection technologies for RNA modifications, studies on RNA epitranscriptomes have progressed to the single-base resolution, multilayer, and full-coverage stage. Transcriptome-wide methods help discover new RNA modification sites and are of great importance for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of epitranscriptomics, exploring the disease associations of RNA modifications, and understanding their clinical applications. The existing RNA modification sequencing technologies can be categorized according to the pretreatment approach and sequencing principle as direct high-throughput sequencing, antibody-enrichment sequencing, enzyme-assisted sequencing, chemical labeling-assisted sequencing, metabolic labeling sequencing, and nanopore sequencing technologies. These methods, as well as studies on the functions of RNA modifications, have greatly expanded our understanding of epitranscriptomics. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in RNA modification detection technologies, focusing on the basic principles, advantages, and limitations of different methods. Direct high-throughput sequencing methods do not require complex RNA pretreatment and allow for the mapping of RNA modifications using conventional RNA sequencing methods. However, only a few RNA modifications can be analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Antibody enrichment followed by high-throughput sequencing has emerged as a crucial approach for mapping RNA modifications, significantly advancing the understanding of RNA modifications and their regulatory functions in different species. However, the resolution of antibody-enrichment sequencing is limited to approximately 100-200 bp. Although chemical crosslinking techniques can achieve single-base resolution, these methods are often complex, and the specificity of the antibodies used in these methods has raised concerns. In particular, the issue of off-target binding by the antibodies requires urgent attention. Enzyme-assisted sequencing has improved the accuracy of the localization analysis of RNA modifications and enables stoichiometric detection with single-base resolution. However, the enzymes used in this technique show poor reactivity, specificity, and sequence preference. Chemical labeling sequencing has become a widely used approach for profiling RNA modifications, particularly by altering reverse transcription (RT) signatures such as RT stops, misincorporations, and deletions. Chemical-assisted sequencing provides a sequence-independent RNA modification detection strategy that enables the localization of multiple RNA modifications. Additionally, when combined with the biotin-streptavidin affinity method, low-abundance RNA modifications can be enriched and detected. Nevertheless, the specificity of many chemical reactions remains problematic, and the development of specific reaction probes for particular modifications should continue in the future to achieve the precise localization of RNA modifications. As an indirect localization method, metabolic labeling sequencing specifically localizes the sites at which modifying enzymes act, which is of great significance in the study of RNA modification functions. However, this method is limited by the intracellular labeling of RNA and cannot be applied to biological samples such as clinical tissues and blood samples. Nanopore sequencing is a direct RNA-sequencing method that does not require RT or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, challenges in analyzing the data obtained from nanopore sequencing, such as the high rate of false positives, must be resolved. Discussing sequencing analysis methods for various types of RNA modifications is instructive for the future development of novel RNA modification mapping technologies, and will aid studies on the functions of RNA modifications across the entire transcriptome.

Applying organic fertilizer can increase the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and active organic carbon, which are crucial for strengthening soil quality and fertility. Four treatments were established:no fertilization (CK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (MNPK). The changes in SOC and active components under long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were investigated, as were the effects of various fertilization measures on greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, we evaluated the variation in the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI). Total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by 82.84%, 66.30%, 21.12%, 93.28%, and 145.80%, respectively, when compared to those in the CK treatment. The NPK treatment had no discernible effect on SOC and organic carbon components. The combined application of organic and inorganic materials could enhance LI, CPI, and the soil carbon pool management index, with the increase in LI and CPI being the primary reason for the increase in CPMI. Correlation analyses revealed that soil organic carbon components and CPMI were significantly positively correlated with greenhouse gas emissions. The combined application of organic and inorganic materials enhanced cumulative CO 2 emissions and warming potential (GWP) but decreased GHGI and yielded a maximum of 56365 kg·hm -2 . Compared with that in the CK treatment (29073 kg·hm -2 ), apple yield in MNPK increased by 93.87%. Therefore, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers in dryland apple orchards can improve the accumulation of organic carbon and stabilize the soil carbon pool, which is more beneficial to the sustainable development of orchards.

Objective: To observe clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and target radioffrequency thermal coblation nucleoplasty(CN) on inclusive lumbar disc herniation(LDH) in different age groups, and provide a basis for clinical formulation of precise and individualized treatments., Methods: A retrospective analysis of 219 patients with lumbar disc herniation treated with PETD and CN between January 2018 and June 2021 was performed, in which 107 patients were treated with PETD and 112 with CN. Patients were stratified by age into young group(≤45 years old), middle-aged group(>45 years old and <60 years old) and older group(≥60 years old). Before treatment, 3 days, 1 month and 6 months after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, infrared thermal imaging temperature difference (△T) and lumbar range of motion (ROM) were evaluated and clinical efficacy were compared in the different age groups between two treatment methods., Results: ①VAS and JOA score outcomes, in the same age group and the same treatment method, the VAS and JOA scores at different time points postoperatively were obviously improved ( P <0.05). For the same age group and the different treatment methods, the older group had lower VAS and higher JOA scores after PETD than after CN ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the young group and middle-aged group ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and JOA scores at the same time between age groups by PETD treatment ( P >0.05). The VAS was higher and the JOA score was lower in older group than in young group and middle-aged group at 1, 6 months after CN treatment( P <0.05). ②△T and ROM outcomes, in the same age group and same treatment method, postoperative △T and ROM at different time points were obviously improved( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in △T between two methods of PETD and CN at the same age( P >0.05), there was no significant difference in ROM between young group and middle-aged group( P >0.05), ROM was higher after PETD treatment than after CN treatment( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in △T and ROM at the same time between age groups by PETD treatment( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in △T between age groups by CN treatment, but the ROM was smaller in older group than in young group and middle-aged group after CN treatment( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Both PETD and CN for inclusive LDH have good efficacy, the curative benefit for older patients receiving PETD within 6 months after surgery more than CN, and CN is more appropriate for young and middle-aged patients.

Objective: To study the correlation between N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A)-modification-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and poor prognosis and immunotherapy in cervical cancer based on data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical cancer dataset, so as to assess effectively the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and the feasibility of immunotherapy., Methods: We identified m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs correlated to the prognosis of cervical cancer by conducting bioinformatics analysis of cervical cancer samples from the TCGA datasets and constructed a prognostic risk model of cervical cancer accordingly., Results: A total of 343 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs were identified from the samples of 304 cervical cancer patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 26 out of the 343 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs were significantly associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. We identified 7 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs, including DLEU1, AC099850.4, DDN-AS1, EP300-AS1, AC131159.1, AL441992.2, and AL021707.6 through Lasso regression analysis and then developed a prognostic risk model based on them. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, cervical cancer patients in the low-risk group exhibited significantly improved overall survival (OS) in comparison with those in the high-risk group ( P <0.001). The area under the curve ( AUC ) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the high sensitivity and credibility of the risk model. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor of cervical cancer patients. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) analysis predicted that the high-risk group would benefit more from immunotherapy. In addition, we found that immune checkpoint PD1 was associated with the expression of m6A-modification-related lncRNAs such as DDN-AS1, and the expression was higher in the high-risk group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The prognostic risk model constructed on the basis of the aforementioned 7 m 6 A-modification-associated lncRNAs can be used to effectively predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients and assess the efficacy of immunotherapy targeting PD1., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

An HIV-1 cell-cell fusion system was developed to screen HIV-1 entry inhibitors that block cell-cell fusion. In this system, the pEGFP-Tat plasmid was constructed and cotransfected into effector cells (HEK-293T) with HIV-1 envelope plasmid. TZM-bl cell, a genetically engineered cell line that expresses CD4, CXCR4, CCR5 as well as Tat-inducible β-galactosidase and luciferase reporter gene, was used as target cell. Thus, the co-culture of target cells and effector cells allows the cell fusion via Env and the activity of the fusion inhibitor can be quantified by measuring the reporter protein expression. The experimental parameters were optimized and 11 anti-HIV-1 agents including CCR5 antagonist maraviroc, reverse transcription inhibitor zidovudine (AZT) and integrase inhibitor raltegravir were tested. The result showed that the system exhibited high specificity and sensitivity. Two of eight tested anti-HIV-1 agents were found to block the cell-cell fusion. The system is suitable for efficient screening of HIV-1 cell-cell fusion inhibitors.

Objective: To study the effect of LSD1 knock-out on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells(K562 cells)., Methods: The LSD1 gene in K562 cells was knocked-out specifically by using CRISPR/Cas9 system, the single cells were gained by flow cytometric sorting technique, the LSD1 +/- and LSD1 -/- cell lines were gained after amplificantion and culture, identification of Western blot and sequencing. The MTS assay was used to detect the effect of LSD1 knockout on the proliferation of K562 cells, the flow cytometry was used to examine the expression of K562 cell surface marker after LSD1 knockout., Results: The LSD1 stable knockout cell line of K562 (LSD1 +/- and LSD1 -/- )were successfully costructed. It was found that knockout of LSD1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 and the expression of CD235a., Conclusion: LSD1 plays a key role in the regulation of K562 cell proliferation and CD235a expression.

Soil moisture plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and sustainability of dryland ecosystems. Terracing and other similar land preparations can reshape the natural slope and change underlying surface into different micro-landforms, which are significant for rainwater harvesting, erosion control, and vegetation promotion in arid regions. In this study, the Longtan Watershed in Dingxi region was selected as the study area. Based on in situ experiments, soil sampling analysis, and modeling simulation, the effects of land preparation and artificial vegetation (Fish-scale pit/Adverse grade tableland- Platycladus orientalis ) on soil moisture characteristics curves and soil moisture constants were quantitatively analyzed. ①The land preparations could effectively improve the soil moisture content in the study catchment of Loess Plateau. Compared with natural slope, soil water content of land preparations increased by 1.883%(volume fraction) on average and fish-scale pit method and adverse grade tableland method enhanced the soil moisture by 29.69% and 15.55%, respectively. ② Compared with the natural slope, fish-scale pit and adverse grade tableland could significantly improve the soil hydraulic properties. After carrying out the land preparations, saturated soil water content and soil properties such as field capacity increased by 4.24%-11.40%, suggesting that land preparations can improve soil moisture and water supply ability. ③ Surface soil moisture characteristics were better than those of the underlying soil layers after land preparations. Compared with the natural slope, fish-scale pit and adverse grade tableland's shallow soil layer (0-20 cm) increased the moisture by 38.75% and 23.84%, respectively, whereas in the deep layer (60-80 cm) the increment of moisture were only 3.34% and 3.85%, respectively. This research provides scientific basis for vegetation restoration and land improvement in fragile semi-arid ecosystems.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound（LIPUS） combined with triamcinolone acetonide on oral mucosal ulcer in syrian hamster in several ways, including healing time, contents of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and malondialdehyde (MDA)., Methods: Sixty syrian hamsters were randomly divided into 5 groups, including a baseline group (containing a normal baseline group and a model baseline group, n=6) and 4 experimental groups (LIPUS processing and drug use group, LIPUS group, drug group and a normal control group without any processing, n=12). Four experimental groups and model baseline group were given oxygen free radicals to model the oral mucosal ulcer. At 24 h after the last treatment, the healing time of ulcer, content of SOD and MDA were compared between each group. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: Compared with LIPUS group,drug group and control group, the healing time of oral mucosal ulcer in LIPUS and drug combined group was shortened. At 24 h after the last treatment, the activity of SOD showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group[(2.32±0.30) U/mgprot] were significantly higher than the model baseline group[(1.48±0.29) U/mgprot], the LIPUS group[(1.83±0.15) U/mgprot], the drug group[(1.76±0.25) U/mgprot] and control group[(1.71±0.18) U/mgprot] (P<0.05). The results of MDA content showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group [(8.17±0.21) nmol/mgprot] were significantly lower than the model baseline group[(9.41±0.22) nmol/mgprot], the LIPUS group[(9.00±0.44) nmol/mgprot], the drug group [(9.04±0.43) nmol/mgprot] and control group[(9.03±0.46) nmol/mgprot] (P<0.05). After oral mucosal ulcer healing, the activity of SOD and MDA showed that the LIPUS and drug combined group, the LIPUS group, the drug group and control group were not significantly different from the normal baseline group (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound combined with triamcinolone acetonide can effectively improve the activity of SOD and reduce the contents of MDA in ulcerated tissues, and therefore accelerate the process of ulcer healing．.

Objective: To study the effects of Ligustrazine on the Ca 2+ sensitivity in carotid artery smooth muscle of simulated weightless-ness rats., Methods: Twenty-one female SD rats were divided into control group (CON), simulated weightlessness group (TS), simulated weightlessness plus Ligustrazine administration group (LTZ) ( n =7). After 4 weeks, the contractile property and the Ca 2+ sensitivity in carotid artery were measured. Furthermore, the effects of ML-7(a myosin light chain kinase specific inhibitor) on above mentioned parameters were recorded., Results: Compared with CON group, the contractile force induced by phenylephrine (PHE) in TS group was increased by 25.14% ( P <0.01). The force in LTZ group decreased by 13.46% ( P <0.01) and increased by 8.30% compared with TS and CON group, respec-tively. After the artery rings were incubated with ML-7, the force in CON, TS and LTZ group were reduced by 8.84%, 16.24% ( P <0.01) and 3.40%, respectively. Compared with CON group, the contractile force induced by KCl in TS group was increased by 40.46% ( P <0.01). The force in LTZ group decreased by 18.80% and increased by 14.05% compared with TS and CON group, respectively. The force in CON, TS and LTZ group were reduced by 21.97% ( P <0.05), 21.88% ( P <0.01) and 10.84% by ML-7, respectively. Compared with CON group, the pD2[Ca 2+ ] in TS group was increased by 10.03% ( P <0.01). The pD2[Ca 2+ ] in LTZ group was decreased by 7.01% ( P <0.01) and increased by 2.32% compared with TS and CON group, respectively. The pD2[Ca 2+ ] in CON, TS and LTZ group was reduced by 2.42%, 7.43% ( P <0.01) and 2.51% by ML-7, respectively., Conclusions: The contraction of carotid artery is strength-ened in simulated weightlessness rats, it maybe results from the Ca 2+ sensitivity of contractile proteins in smooth muscle increasing. Ligus-trazine can improve the contraction of carotid artery, reducing the Ca 2+ sensitivity and inhibiting myosin light chain kinase may be involved in its mechanisms.

In the present paper, the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is the main object of study. According to the calculation of the degree of depolarization, the authors can understand CCl4 crystal vibration. With the comparison between the calculated theoretical value and the experimental value, we are sure that our work is accurate.

ER-α36, a novel variant of ER-α, is expressed in breast, uterus, digestive tract, respiratory tract etc. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution and expression of ER-α36 in the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we comparatively analyzed the expression pattern of ER-α36 in the hippocampus and cortex of neonatal (1-day-old) and adult (12-week-old) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by using immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry analysis and Western blot. The results showed that ER-α36 was expressed both in hippocampus and cortex of adult rats, but mainly distributed in pyramidal neurons. ER-α36 was mainly located on the cytomembrane of hippocampal and cortical neurons from neonatal rats. Compared with the cortical neurons, the hippocampal neurons showed lower ER-α36 protein expression in the neonatal rats, but exhibited higher level of ER-α36 in the adult rats. Furthermore, the adult rats showed higher levels of ER-α36 expression in both hippocampus and cortex compared with the neonatal rats. These results suggest that ER-α36 might be involved in the regulation of membrane-initiated estrogen signaling throughout the postnatal development of diverse brain regions, and thus will be a potential target for the treatment of degenerative diseases in nervous system.

Anthracene, among the 16 US EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is a typical low molecular weight environmental contaminant, which gains concern on its biodegradation under hypersaline condition. In this study, an anthracene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from highly saline petroleum-contaminated soil. Based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the bacteria was preliminary identified and named as Martelella sp. AD-3. The strain was able to utilize anthracene as sole carbon source for growth and the degradation occurred under broad salinities (0.1% to 10%) and varying pHs (6.0 to 10.0). The optimized degradation conditions were initial concentration 25 mg x L(-1), culture temperature 30 degrees C, pH 9.0 and salinity 3%. And 94.6% of anthracene was degraded by strain AD-3 under the optimal conditions within 6 days. Degenerate primers design was performed with a reported dioxygenase alpha subunit homologous gene. A length of 307 bp fragment of the partial dioxygenase gene sequences (GenBank accession: JF823991.1) was amplified by nested PCR. The clones amino acid sequence from strain AD-3 showed 95% identity to that of the partial naphthalene dioxygenase large-subunit from Marinobacter sp. NCE312 (AF295033). The results lay a foundation for the further study of molecular mechanism involved in the PAHs biodegradation by strain AD-3.

TGFβ/smad pathway is recognized as an important signal pathway to promote the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation is considered to be important in modulating AS. Herein, we investigated the regulation of PPARγ on c-Ski, the repressor of TGFβ/smad pathway, in rat AS model and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). c-Ski mRNA and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively, in vivo and in vitro with treatment of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and antagonist GW9662. The proliferation and collagen secretion of VSMCs after c-Ski transfection were investigated. The underlying mechanism was further investigated by online program NUBIScan and luciferase reporter gene analysis. Results showed that both mRNA and protein expressions of c-Ski in the AS lesions was down-regulated in vivo, while in cultured VSMCs, c-Ski transfection significantly suppressed the proliferation and collagen secretion of rat VSMCs. Rosiglitazone significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of c-Ski in VSMCs, which could be blocked by GW9662. Online NUBIScan analysis suggested possible PPARγ binding sites in the promoter region of c-Ski. In addition, luciferase activity of c-Ski reporter gene was also increased obviously in the presence of rosiglitazone. These results indicate that c-Ski is one of the newly found target genes of PPARγ and thus involved in the anti-AS effect of PPARγ.

To investigate the infection status and the spatial distribution of Tahyna virus infection among unknown fever cases in Xinjiang, China. Sera samples of unknown fever cases from Kashi in southern Xin-jiang and Yili in northern Xinjiang were tested against Tahyna virus by IFA. Partial positive cases were tested against Tahyna virus/Snowshoe hare virus/Inkoo virus parrelled. Finally, 742 sera samples of unknown fever cases were collected from Kashi, Southern Xinjiang in 2007-2008, the positive rate of IgM antibody against Tahyna virus was 5.3%, the positive rate of IgG antibody against Tahyna virus was 18.3%. 222 sera samples of unknown fever cases were collected from Yili, Northern Xinjiang in 2008, no positive case of IgM antibody against Tahyna was found. 10 cases showed antibody neutralization against Tahyna virus by plaque reduction neutralization test. Our results demonstrate that there is current infection and past infection of Tahyna virus among Southern Xinjiang residents.

Objective: To investigate the effect of FXR on scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression., Methods: Human vascular endothelium Eahy926 cells were treated with FXR agonist androsterone, and the specific target gene of FXR SHP mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. SR-BI mRNA and protein were determined using RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting., Results: The level of SHP mRNA in Eahy926 cells increased after androsterone treatment at different concentrations for 24 h, demonstrating FXR activation in the cells. RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blotting detected increased SR-BI expression at both mRNA and protein levels after FXR activation., Conclusion: FXR increases the expression of SR-BI in human vascular endothelium cells.

By RT-PCR and TAIL-PCR, the full coding region of Batai virus isolated in China (YN92-4 strain)was sequenced for the first time. According to the results, the genome of the virus contained three segments S, M and L of 947, 4,371 and 6,860 nucleotides, respectively. The S segment coded a nucleoprotein of 234 amino acids and a nonstructural protein of 102 amino acids, the M and L segments coded a precursor protein of 1 ,435 amino acids and RNA polymerase of 2,239 amino acids, respectively. Compared with the full coding sequence of Batai viruses isolated out of China, the S and M segments of YN92-4 and ON-7/B/01 showed the highest homology in nucleotide and amino acid sequenes with similarity of 97.7% (100%) and 95.7% (98%), respectively. Since there was no full coding sequence information on the L segment in GenBank for the reference, the L segment of YN92-4 was compared with that of Bunyamwera virus and the homology of nucleotide and amino acid was 73.5%and 81.6%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed YN92-4 strain was clustered into one group with the prototype of Batai virus (MM2222). The results suggested that the YN92-4 strain had no occurrance of genetic reassortment (like Ngari virus) and was close to the Batai virus (ON-7/B/01 strain) isolated from cattle serum in Japan.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of the treatment for sequestered type lumbar disk herniation (SLDH) with FENG's spinal manipulation., Methods: Forty-one patients (27 male, 14 female) were treated by FENG's spinal manipulation. The clinical results were measured by the Japanese and FENG's lumbar treatment standard and evaluated by scoring system for assessment of treatment for low back pain between pre- and post-treatment. To measure MRI sagittal index (SI) of lumbar disc herniation between pre- and post-treatment., Results: The score of subjective symptoms and clinical signs increased obviously after treatment. There was no statistical difference of SI between pre- and post-treatment (P<0.05). The outcome of treatment was satisfying., Conclusion: The major pathologic change of SLDH is the single/multiple vertebral subluxation. FENG's spinal manipulation can correct the vertebral subluxation which leading to the series of clinical manifestations. The good clinical outcome may due to the alleviation of distortion and tension of dura and nerve root with the recovery of the spinal column's stability.

Objective: To observe the pinching action to the nerve root by the lumbar disc herniation and facet or lamina (ligamentum flavum) and evaluate its clinical meaning., Methods: Seventy-one patients were divided into 3 groups according to the size of distance between protrusion of nuclear and facet or lamina (ligamentum flavum). The degree of the straight leg raising of the affected side (SLR) and the sagittal index (SI) of lumbar disk herniation were measured and analyzed among them., Results: There was no corelation between the affected degree of SLR and sex, age and SI of patient (P > 0.05). The coefficient between distance group and the affected degree of SLR is-0.878 7 (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The degree of the surrounding compression by the protrusion of nuclear and facet or lamina (ligamentum flavum) reflects the injuried severity of the nerve root.

To carry out the secretive expression of human 67 kD laminin receptor (67LR), recombinant expression plasmid pPIC9K-67LR was constructed by inserting of 67LR cDNA into yeast expression vector pPIC9K. The 67LR protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris after induced by methanol, and about 12.56 mg electrophoresis purity 67LR could be obtained after the purification of 1L culture using affinity chromatograph column. In vitro competitive binding assay showed that target protein has an excellent biological activity. The successful expression of 67LR has placed a solid foundation for the research on structure and functions of 67LR.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flap on the repair of the soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot., Methods: From May 2001 to February 2006, 24 patients with the soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot were treated with the lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flaps. Among the patients, 15 had an injury in a traffic accident, 6 were wringed and rolled by a machine, 1 was frostbited in both feet, 2 were burned, 25 had an exposure of the bone and joint. The disease course varied from 3 days to 22 months; 19 patients began their treatment 3-7 days after the injury and 5 patients were treated by an elective operation. The soft tissue defects ranged in area from 22 cm x 12 cm to 28 cm x 12 cm. The flaps ranged in size from 24 cm x 14 cm to 30 cm x 14 cm, with a range up to the lower region of the popliteal fossa. The rotating point of the flap could be taken in the region 1-5 cm above the lateral malleolar. The donor site was covered by an intermediate thickness skin graft., Results: All the 25 flaps in 24 patients survived with a satisfactory appearance and a good function. The distal skin necrosis occurred in 1 flap, but healing occurred after debridement and intermediate thickness skin grafting. The follow-up for 3 months to 5 years revealed that the patients had a normal gait, the flaps had a good sense and a resistance to wearing, and no ulcer occurred. The two point discrimination of the flap was 5-10 mm., Conclusion: The lower rotating point super sural neurocutaneous vascular flap has a good skin quality, a high survival rate, and a large donor skin area. The grafting is easy, without any sacrifice of the major blood vessel; therefore, it is a good donor flap in repairing a large soft tissue defect in the ankle and foot.

To carry out the secretive expression of human laminin alpha4 chain LG4-5 module (hLNalpha4LG4-5), recombinant expression plasmid pPICZalphaA-LG45 was constructed by inserting of hLNalpha4LG4-5 cDNA into yeast expression vector pPICZaA. The hLNalpha4LG4-5 protein was expressed in GS115 Pichia yeast strain after induced by methanol, and purified target protein can obviously promote the expansion and adhesion of 293 cells.

Aim: To screen an antagonist peptide of BLyS from C7C phage display peptide library., Methods: C7C phage display peptide library was screened with BLyS. Indirect ELISA, competitive ELISA and MTT colorimetry were used to identify positive phage clones., Results: After 3 rounds of screening, the gradual increase of the ratio of output to input and specific enrichment had been achieved. Two phage clones that could inhibit the BLyS activity were identified., Conclusion: Two phage display antagonist peptides of BLyS were obtained.

In recent years, Bacterial resistance is more and more serious for the irrational use of antibiotics produces resistant strains and other reasons. Human are trying to solve the problem from different ways, including the study of antimicrobial peptides. Defensin is one of the most important of antimicrobial peptides. A novel antimicrobial peptide, human beta-defensin 3, was isolated and demonstrated a salt-insensitive broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity against many potentially pathogenic microbes. The total RNA was extracted from human tonsil and the hbetaD-3 specific cDNA sequence was amplified with RT-PCR. After sequenced, the target DNA fragment was cloned into pQE-80L vector together with the DNA fragment encoding carrier protein DHFR. The recombinant vectors were transformed into E. coli M15 and the expression was induced based on the optimal values of the IPTG concentration incubation temperature and induction time determined in the previous section. The expressed proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The mass of the recombinant protein was about 40% of total bacteria protein. Isolate and purify the target protein. The recombinant hbetaD-3 fusion proteins possess the antimicrobial activity to staphylococcus aureus, multiresistant staphylococcus aureus (only vancomycin-sensitive) and Candida albicans in the assay of drug susceptibility. Advanced study can be continued based on our experiments.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of blood pressure phenotypes and the distribution of FDH in FCHL families., Methods: Forty-two FCHL families with 435 members, 147 consanguine members and 90 members without consanguinity from Beijing area were studied. Eleven of the 42 FCHL families (26.2%) were identified as families with FDH syndrome. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the target variables and blood pressure phenotypes, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP), of the 237 FCHL members aged 30 to 60 years., Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemic hypertension in the FCHL relatives was significantly higher than that in the spouses (29.9% versus 8.9%, P < 0.01), with an odds ratio of 3.37 (95% CI 1.44 to 8.14). In the FCHL families body mass index (BMI), age and blood sugar were independent contributors to SBP, DBP, and MAP, respectively (all P < 0.05). Age and apolipoprotein B (apoB) were important contributors to pulse pressure (both P < 0.05)., Conclusions: BMI and glucose are significant contributors to different phenotypes of blood pressure. Moreover, apoB is a significant contributor to pulse pressure in FCHL families.

Background & Objective: MC5 is a murine monoclonal antibody with a good specificity to human colorectal carcinoma and smaller murine antibody can significantly decrease the possibility of developing human antimouse antibody response in vivo study. The aim of this study was to prepare single chain variable fragments (ScFv) of MC5., Methods: mRNA was isolated from the hybridoma cell line producing MC5, and the DNAs encoding variable domains of heavy and light chains(VH and VL DNAs) of the antibody were amplified separately by RT-PCR and assembled into ScFv DNAs with a linker DNA. The ScFv DNAs were ligated into the phagemid vector pCANTAB5E and the ligated sample was transformed into E. coli TG1. The transformed cells were infected with M13KO7 helper phage to yield recombinant phage antibody ScFvs. After two rounds of panning with cell line SW480 highly expressing MC5-binding antigen, the phage clones displayed ScFv fragments of the antibody were selected by ELISA, and the affinity of the positive phage clones was assayed by competition ELISA., Results: The VH, VL, and ScFv DNAs were about 340 bp, 320 bp, and 750 bp, respectively. Ten phage clones displayed ScFv of MC5 were selected from 25 enriched phage clones, and 3 of the 10 phage clones had higher affinity of binding to the antigen., Conclusion: The phage-displayed ScFv fragments of monoclonal antibody MC5 are successfully produced by phage display technique, which may provide a way for broadening the application range of the antibody.