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T cell exhaustion occurs mostly in chronic infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Continuous antigenic stimulation leads to the generation of exhausted T cells, which is characterized by progressive loss of effector function, continuous high expression of inhibitory receptors, transcription and epigenetic changes, and metabolic disorders. The in-depth study of the specific mechanism of T cell exhaustion is providing new ideas for the immunotherapy of chronic infection, lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory disease in respiratory diseases. This paper discussed the influencing factors and characteristics of T cell exhaustion and reviewed the current research status of T cell exhaustion and respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of small non-coding single stranded RNA that can participate in multiple biological processes. It also plays an important role in regulating the immune function of the body. Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease, whose cause and deterioration are closely related to miRNA regulates immune function of CD4+T cells subsets. In ITP patients, different expression of miRNA can affect the immune function of CD4+T cells subsets, which causes not only unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg and excessive differentiation of TFH, but also abnormal cytokine secretion furthermore. This paper summarizes the unbalanced mechanism of miRNA regulating immune function of CD4+T cells subsets in ITP, so as to provide inspiration for exploring the immunology and immunotherapy of ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune disease (AID) is a disease in which the body loses tolerance to autoantigens and the immune system attacks its own tissues, resulting in organ and tissue damage and certain clinical manifestations. Studies have proved that pathogenic T cells can be selectively inhibited or killed by TCR vaccine in the treatment of AID, thus bringing broad application prospect. This paper briefly summarizes the research status of TCR vaccine in AID field, regarding action mechanism, related diseases and safety of TCR vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and dependent on CD4 positive T lymphocytes (CD4+T) cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous small single-stranded non-coding RNA that involved in post-transcriptional regulation and plays an important role in differentiation and function of CD4+T cells. Increasing evidences have shown that changes of miRNAs happened in MG patients, which may participate in the occurrence and development of MG by regulating CD4+T cells, and miRNA may be a potential therapeutic target for MG. In this paper, relationship between miRNA and MG was reviewed in order to provide new ideas for further research on the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis and treatment of MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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