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To efficiently enhance the bonding performance of aluminum lithium alloy, the surface morphology characteristics of the samples were constructed by copper chloride rapid etching method. The microstructure, roughness characteristics, wetting performance, and bonding joint strength performance of different modified surfaces were compared and analyzed. The results show that compared to the original surface and sandpaper grinding method, rapid etching can effectively enhance the surface wettability and adhesive strength of the sample. When the etching time is 5,10, and 15s, the strength of the adhesive joint of the untreated sample is increased by 217. 6%,245. 9%, and 270. 3 %, respectively. The Increase of etching time contributes to the construction of concave convex stepped morphology and the increase of surface roughness, thereby improving the actual contact area and mechanical interlocking of the bonding interface, promoting the penetration and adhesion of the adhesive on the substrate surface, and thereby improving the strength performance of the bonding joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]