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Poverty has always been a worldwide problem, especially for developing countries. The agricultural industry poverty alleviation is one of the most effective methods to improve the ability of the poor, improve the livelihood level of the rural family, and achieve sustainable development in the future. With the introduction and implementation of the "precise poverty alleviation concept" by the Chinese government, analyses of whether agricultural industry's precise poverty alleviation can become an effective way to increase the income of the poor or not, determination of what are the leading factors of the spatial and temporal differentiation of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiencies, and further scientifically revealing the poverty alleviation efficiency of the agricultural industry and its mechanism are of vital importance. The previous research mainly focuses on the field of economics, however, in this paper, we used innovative analysis for this research problem from a geospatial perspective using Wanzhou District, a national poverty-stricken county in the Southwestern Mountainous Area with a rate of alleviate poverty of 88% from the year 2013 to 2018 under the government program. The main innovations of this paper included that (1) an indicator system was constructed for factors that affected agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency based on the spatial perspective, and the industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was measured by the improved DEA efficiency model, spatial autocorrelation Global Moran’s I model and geo-detector; (2) a framework of action mechanisms between dominant influencing factors and industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was established. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency, and its dominant influencing factors in 41 townships in the study area in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed by the natural breakpoint classification method, Moran index, and geo-detector, and (3) a framework of the dominant factors that affected the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation was set up, which can be conducive to improving China's anti-poverty model and the mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation, and further provided decision-making suggestions to alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty in the rural areas of the southwestern mountainous area. Moreover, the data in this paper were collected from the Chinese agricultural sector, the township government departments, the poverty alleviation office and the national land department, which was really reliable, the software such as SPSS 25.0，Arcgis10.2 and GeoDa095 were used for analysis. The main conclusions and policy recommendations of this paper were, (1) the industrial poverty alleviation policy had effectively promoted the overall increase in the poverty alleviation efficiency of the county industry in the southwestern mountainous area. Its policy intervention had a positive effect on promoting the poverty alleviation of the poor, the longer the intervention time, the more obvious the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation, especially in deep poverty towns. (2) The industrial poverty alleviation efficiency showed obvious high-value clusters and low-value clusters. The high-value gathering area was located in the flat dam area along the Yangtze River with abundant water resources and flat terrain. The low-value gathering area was concentrated in the high-altitude mountainous area with a steep slope. (3) The substitution of family and economic factors by policy factors and social factors had become the two main types of factors affecting the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation in Wanzhou District, and the influence of policy factors was greater than that of social factors. Specifically, with the continuous implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy, the five major social factors of road density, characteristic planting, labor skill training, agricultural insurance and poverty alleviation credit funds, market participation and human resources level gradually replaced the family economy factor, and became the leading influencing factors for the poverty alleviation efficiency. Finally, this paper offers several feasible suggestions for policy direction and future research according to the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]