Search

Modern mechanical equipment is very important to agricultural production. The introduction of modern machinery and equipment into the production process of traditional Chinese medicine is an effective way to solve the contradiction between the expansion of production scale of traditional Chinese medicine industry and the reduction of labor force. The mechanization development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production is in the initial stage. The main goal at this stage is to realize the "from scratch" of the relevant technical equipments. However, due to the varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, complex production process, regional differences and other factors, it is difficult to judge the demand for mechanized production of traditional Chinese medicine and lack of methods. How to evaluate and analyze the the differences in the demand for mechanized development is of great significance to the research of technical equipment, the implementation of supply side reform and the promotion of the production and development of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production, combined with the analysis of degree of mechanized operation, status of technology and equipment and levels of user demand, this paper constructs the evaluation index system for the development of technical and equipment of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The degree of mechanized operation indicates the ratio of mechanized operation area to the total planting area. The status of technology and equipment is alculated by weighting the five indexes of advance ment, economy, applicability, reliability and security. The levels of user demand is divided according to the proportion of users with demand, users with demand but no machinery available and the proportion of users with demand in different production process. Then an evaluation model combined with entropy weight method and hierarchical cluster analysis method is formed, and after classifying by the hierarchical cluster analysis method, the model is expressed functionally based on the Fisher discriminant method. In empirical research, the demonstration base of national comprehensive experimental station of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is selected as the research object, eight production processes of sowing, transplanting, fertilization, intertillage, plant protection, harvesting, cleaning and drying are selected for evaluation Through the investigation in 23 provinces of China, the production processes of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production are categorized into three types. The harvest, intertillage, and transplanting belonged to the type A, which have the highest demand level. The seeding is classified as type B, and the drying, cleaning, plants protection and fertilization are type C. The phenomenons of “no machinery available” and “unsuitable to use” are obvious for type A, and there is an urgent demand for the development of technology and equipment, the evaluation results are consistent with the investigation results. According to the further calculation results based on discriminant Function I, the central values of type A, type B and type C are -2.868, 1.904 and 1.675 respectively, which shows that the evaluation model of development demands classification can be accurately expressed by quantitative mathematical functions. The machinery of the type A production processes represented by harvest should be developed in priority in traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The research and development of special machinery for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials should take the road of combining independent innovation research with the introduction of other main grain production machinery. The model proposed in this paper reflects the reasons and details at the same time of forming classification, which can provide reference for the development demand evaluation of other crops or regional agricultural machinery technology and equipment with backward mechanization development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy is an important agrarian policy, its policy effect has been widely concerned by scholars. However, very few studies have discussed the spatiotemporal difference, agricultural machinery types difference and endogeneity of subsidy’s policy effect. The purpose of the present study is to make policy effect evaluation more accurately, and analyze the spatiotemporal difference and agricultural machinery types difference of policy effect. Different from existing studies, the present study uses a large sample collected from 15 089 observations in 3 287 households at 18 provinces from 2008 to 2018 by China agriculture research system (rapeseed) farmer fixed observation point and employs unbalance panel fixed effect model, panel high-dimensional fixed effects model, Box-Cox model, quantile regression model to calculate the differential policy effects between different year, topographic regions and types of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment. In addition, instrumental variables fixed-effects panel-data models, Tobit fixed-effects panel-data models and Heckman sample selection models were used for the robust test. The result showed that 1) On the whole, agricultural machinery purchase subsidy had an obvious incentive effect, effectively promote farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment, the marginal effect of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy on farmer’s agricultural machinery self-investment was 2.530 8. 2) The effect of subsidies varies significantly between plain and non-plain areas. Subsidy’s marginal effect in plain county was 1.408 5, subsidy’s marginal effect in hill and mountain county was 3.108 2. Subsidy policy was more effective in hill and mountain areas. 3) Generally, subsidy’s incentive effect fluctuated significantly between the years, crowding-out effect was showed in some years. The number of years in which the policy effect declined from the previous year was equal to the number of years in which it rosed from the previous year. 4) On the whole, the subsidy effect was enhanced with the increase of the value of agricultural machinery, and the policy effect was higher for large and medium-sized agricultural machinery. Accordingly, this paper suggested that: 1) In the future, agricultural machinery purchase subsidy should continue to implement. 2) Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy should tilt appropriately to non-plain areas and large and medium-sized agricultural machinery continually. Appropriate R&D subsidies can be given to agricultural machinery production enterprises to research and develop large and advanced machines and suit machines which used in hilly and mountainous areas. Encourage local governments to include large and advanced machines and machines which was suitable used in hilly and mountainous areas into the new agricultural machinery subsidy pilot catalogue timely. Accelerate the transformation and application for new machine products. 3) Adjust or improve the subsidy mode according to the implementation situation and agricultural mechanization development situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]