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The prevention and control will of the farmers is the basis for the treatment of the pollutants from livestock and poultry. Defining the key factors of it in the coastal areas and analyzing the formation mechanism of it are important for the formulation of effective policies. The willingness of farmers to control pollution is a subjective perception and is difficult to measure directly. Structural equation indicates potential variables or conceptualizes latent variables by corresponding measurable indices, and allows the existence of errors or residuals between external latent variables and internal latent variables. By combining regression analysis, path analysis, factor analysis and other methods, the equation can clearly analyze the role of independent variables on dependent variables and the interaction of dependent variables. So, this thesis, taking Yancheng city as an example and based on 121 livestock survey questionnaires, uses the structural equation model to analyze the formation mechanism and impact mechanism of farmers' pollution prevention will. The results showed that:① In terms of the overall effect, individual characteristics, environmental risk perception, health risk perception and social impact and perception all have a significant positive effect on farmers' willingness of pollution prevention. ② The individual characteristics have a positive effect on the environmental risk perception and health risk perception, and have a covariant relationship with social impact and perception. At the same time, it indirectly influences farmers' will of pollution prevention and control through these factors. ③ The health risk perception of the farmers is the most important factor of pollution prevention. If the health risk perception increases 1 unit, the farmers' risk of pollution will increase 0.459 units. Among all the observable variables affecting health risk perception, the effect on human health perception was the greatest, being 0.835. The path of "human health perception → health risk perception → farmers' willingness to prevent pollution" can effectively improve regional livestock pollution prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]