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The prevention and control will of the farmers is the basis for the treatment of the pollutants from livestock and poultry. Defining the key factors of it in the coastal areas and analyzing the formation mechanism of it are important for the formulation of effective policies. The willingness of farmers to control pollution is a subjective perception and is difficult to measure directly. Structural equation indicates potential variables or conceptualizes latent variables by corresponding measurable indices, and allows the existence of errors or residuals between external latent variables and internal latent variables. By combining regression analysis, path analysis, factor analysis and other methods, the equation can clearly analyze the role of independent variables on dependent variables and the interaction of dependent variables. So, this thesis, taking Yancheng city as an example and based on 121 livestock survey questionnaires, uses the structural equation model to analyze the formation mechanism and impact mechanism of farmers' pollution prevention will. The results showed that:① In terms of the overall effect, individual characteristics, environmental risk perception, health risk perception and social impact and perception all have a significant positive effect on farmers' willingness of pollution prevention. ② The individual characteristics have a positive effect on the environmental risk perception and health risk perception, and have a covariant relationship with social impact and perception. At the same time, it indirectly influences farmers' will of pollution prevention and control through these factors. ③ The health risk perception of the farmers is the most important factor of pollution prevention. If the health risk perception increases 1 unit, the farmers' risk of pollution will increase 0.459 units. Among all the observable variables affecting health risk perception, the effect on human health perception was the greatest, being 0.835. The path of "human health perception → health risk perception → farmers' willingness to prevent pollution" can effectively improve regional livestock pollution prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's national parks aim to promote conservation and improve public welfare. This research took tourists as one of the key ecosystem services beneficiaries. It used an ecosystem services approach to identify social perceptions and willingness to pay regarding different ecosystem services in the Wusyishan National Park Pilot, in order to find ways to optimise tourism to promote conservation and to improve public welfare in the establishment of the national park system. A social survey was conducted using questionaires focusing on the assessment of the importance of ecosystem services and the willingness to pay, and the data were analysed using weighted scoring, multiple correspondence analysis and optimal scaling regression. Results showed that most respondents recognised the importance of various cultural services, including eco- tourism which is high in practicality, activities to have cultural experience which is rather abstract and enjoying the beautiful scenery; however, there were trade-offs among specific ecosystem services. Tourists thought highly of maintaining air quality and it was the only regulating service that ranked the top five. In addition, they did not choose any provisioning services among the top five important ecosystem services. Under the entry tickets fee waiver hypothesis, more than 90% respondents were willing to pay for maintainance of the ecosystem services, but the average payment of 165.9 yuan/person was less than current ticket price. Willingness to pay was significantly affected by education level and career; together with the impact of age and personal income, clustered groups with certain willingness to pay were identified. These findings indicate that in the development of tourism in national parks, managers should focus on securing typical cultural ecosystem services regarding tradeoffs in demand from different tourist groups. They also should improve the public's awareness of the chracteristics of ecosystems to facilitate their active participation in conservation. q [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]