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As a fundamental factor driving economic growth, natural capital plays a key role in sustainable development. This paper incorporates various economic growth proxy variables into the MRW model and uses the BMA method to tackle the uncertainty issue of the model. Based on China's provincial-level panel data, this paper examines the impact of renewable natural capital and non-renewable natural capital on the country's economic growth and then carries out multiple mechanism analysis with the CART algorithm. The main findings are: 1 Natural capital has a significant deep impact on China's economic growth in models incorporating proximate and fundamental theories, and the direction of natural capital's impact varies with proxy indicators, which shows a significant 'Curse' effect of dependence and a 'Blessing' effect of abundance. This panoramic perspective can reconcile the serious disagreement on 'Resource Curse' among the literature. 2 The effects of renewable natural capital are in line with the 'Resource neutral' hypothesis, while nonrenewable natural capital has a stronger impact on economic growth in terms of both the 'Curse' effect of dependence and the 'Blessing' effect of abundance, and the overall effect on economic growth depends on patterns of resource use. 3 Under high physical capital accumulation, natural capital has a more fundamental impact on economic growth, and the 'Blessing' effect of abundance has been significantly enhanced. Based on their resource endowments and economic development levels, all provinces should reinvest natural resource rents in national wealth to mitigate the 'Resource Curse' through effective protection of natural capital and compensation from reinvestment. This is a reasonable way to embark on a win-win sustainable development path of economic development and ecological civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientifically characterizing the intrinsic mechanism of the biased reduction targets affecting agricultural green innovation is of great practical significance for the systematic promotion of the greening transformation of China's agricultural development mode. This paper first constructed a two-sector endogenous economic growth model, theoretically deducing the intrinsic mechanism by which the bias reduction targets were adjusted through the green transformation of agricultural production input factors, which in turn affected the research and development decision-making of the agricultural innovation sector. To the end, this paper treated the strategy of zero growth in synthetic fertilizer use (ZGS) implemented in 2015 as a policy shock and empirically assessed its green innovation effect using the staggered difference-in-differences model. The results showed that ZGS significantly contributed to the increase of green patents in Chinese agriculture. The above conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests, including using terrain complexity as an instrumental variable, estimating the robust staggered difference-in-differences model, eliminating policy interference, altering the estimated model, and replacing the explanatory variables. However, the obvious regional heterogeneity of this effect was reported: the higher the level of marketization and digitalization, the fuller the release of this innovation effect; and that ZGS was more significant in inducing the green innovation activities of enterprises and individuals than of innovation bodies such as universities and research institutions. Finally, this paper also empirically tested the two paths of the theoretical model about the green innovation effect triggered by the biased reduction targets. The study confirmed that the green innovation effect of ZGS mainly resulted from two channels: the expansion of the market scale for agricultural green technologies and the green-oriented allocation of innovation resources. The above conclusions imply that it is necessary to create a sound innovation ecology by strengthening the innovation of green science and technology institutions and combining active government with an effective market. Particularly, a portfolio of policy instruments, including the fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price policy, and standard system concerning green technology development, should be created to guarantee green technology development. In addition, ZGS can set up differentiated reduction targets considering regional endowment conditions to ensure its smooth progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly prominent issues of climate change and energy shortages, large-scale development of renewable and clean energy has become a common choice for countries around the world. Among them, onshore wind power plays an important role in the global energy transformation process due to its mature technology, safety, and efficiency advantages. However, because wind energy resources have the characteristics of low energy density, instability, and spatial dispersion, large-scale development of onshore wind power requires a large amount of land resources to support. To ensure the land resource demand for wind power development under the goal of 'carbon neutrality,' this paper conducted a quantitative study on the land occupation of onshore wind power in China. Firstly, based on the criterion of exclusivity, this paper reclassified the types of land occupation for wind farms from a spatio-temporal perspective. Secondly, based on the sample parameter method and the alpha shape algorithm, this paper calculated the land area of existing onshore wind farms in China categorically. Finally, considering the development trend of wind power technology, this paper systematically simulated and predicted the wind power land demand in different development scenarios under the 'carbon neutrality' goal. The results indicated that: (1) Based on the principle of exclusivity, the total land use area of wind farms could be divided into two parts in the spatial dimension: the direct impact area and the indirect impact area. The direct impact area could be divided into two parts in the temporal dimension: permanent land use and temporary land use. (2) In 2022, the land occupied by the wind turbine foundation, permanent land use, temporary land use, and direct impact area of China's onshore wind farms reached 48.28 km², 352.08 km², 1 234.86 km², and 1 638.81 km², respectively. (3) In 2022, the indirect impact area and total land use area of China's onshore wind farms reached 9.81x104 km ² and 9.99x104 km², respectively. The total land use area was almost equivalent to the total urban land use area of China. (4) Compared with the scenario of current technical level, under the scenario of technological progress and wind turbine upgradation, the various types of land use demand for wind power in China will have significantly decreased by 2060, and land use demand will have reached its peak by around 2050. The large-scale upgradation of wind turbines has great potential for saving land resources. Therefore, perfecting the land use standards of wind power construction, improving the land use efficiency of wind power development, and promoting the construction of offshore wind power are important paths for coordinating the sustainable use of wind energy resources and land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clean energy transformation in major powers, especially the rapidly expanding electric vehicle and wind power industries, has sparked an increasing demand for strategic resources such as rare earths (RE). The RE industrial chain has become a focal area of geopolitical competition between China and the United States. This paper utilizes theories and methods from law and political economics, employing the classic paradigm of global governance, to examine the underlying motivations and geopolitical impacts of the United States in promoting the restructuring of the global rare earth industrial chain. Taking into account the two major characteristics of the U.S.' geopolitical strategy, namely 'controlling key industrial chains' and 'containing China with allies,' this paper reveals the underlying logic and strategic responses of significant political and economic relationships in the ongoing geopolitical competition. These relationships include the connection between the decoupling of the RE industrial chain and reconstruction of the global 'dual chain' pattern, the enactment of the 'three major acts' by the U.S., and the dominance of the global clean energy industry system, as well as the game between China and the United States as major powers and Japan's industrial security. The results show that: (1) In terms of controlling key industrial chains, the technological 'de-rare earth' initiatives of downstream enterprises are reinforcing the 'de-sinicization' strategic orientation of western governments, and vice versa. This joint effort is promoting the formation of a global strategic resource 'dual chain' pattern. (2) In terms of containing China with allies, the United States requires that Japan and other allied countries share the responsibility in geopolitical competition with China. Japan, driven by its own interests, has been deeply involved in the restructuring of the global RE industrial chain, shifting from a high dependence on Chinese RE imports to a deep participation in a new global RE industrial chain led by the U.S. (3) The promulgation of the 'three major acts' by the U S. is a strong proof of its consistent use of domestic laws to shape geopolitical relations. The underlying motivation behind this is to reshape the strategic resource industrial chain and gain control of the global clean energy transformation. In the face of escalating strategic resource competition and based upon the 'dual circulation' new development pattern, China should, on the one hand, leverage its resources and production capacity advantages in the front and middle streams of the industrial chains, leading the independent extension of the strategic resource industry chain through innovation. On the other hand, China should engage strategically and integrate global key mineral resources, develop effective countermeasures, and continuously enhance the resilience of key industrial chains such as rare earths, so as to improve the level of national strategic resource security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling carbon tax revenue is a significant part of the design of a nation's carbon tax system. The impact of different recycling principles on the socio-economy and carbon emission reduction varies greatly. Under the background of China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions, this paper designed three carbon tax recycling principles based on the goal of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), including recycling principles based on output ratio, export ratio, and carbon intensity. A recursively dynamic CGE model was developed in this study to evaluate the economic effects of these three carbon tax recycling principles based on tax neutrality under China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions. Carbon tax recycling measures could mitigate the economic losses caused by carbon tax, and the results could be greatly affected according to different recycling principles. The results showed that: 1 The recycling principle based on output ratio could reduce economic losses and improve households' social welfare. 2 China's carbon intensity in 2030 could be reduced by more than 65% compared with that in 2005, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption could reach 25% using the recycling principle based on carbon intensity, but the economic loss mitigation effect of the recycling measures based on this principle was small. 3 Adopting the recycling principle based on export ratio would narrow the competitive gap between China and foreign countries, and the exports of high-carbon-intensity goods would not increase under this principle. 4 According to principles based on output ratio and export ratio, the NDC goal of non-fossil energy accounting for about 25% of primary energy consumption by 2030 could not be achieved, and only the NDC goal of reducing carbon emissions per unit of GDP by more than 65% compared with that of 2005 could be achieved. In brief, as an essential policy tool to achieve China's goal of reaching peak carbon emissions, the carbon tax should be implemented as soon as possible. At the same time, according to China's national conditions, a targeted choice of carbon tax recycling principle is needed. The role of the carbon tax in the process of achieving the goal of Nationally Determined Contributions should be fully utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of achieving the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, mandatory corporate environmental information disclosure has begun to be implemented. According to the theory of geographical economics, the closer the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities, the more likely it is to form a 'deterrence' (the 'distance attenuation effect' of supervision costs) or a 'reliance' (the 'distance attenuation effect' of rent-seeking costs) for enterprises. Based on the data of listed companies with major pollutants from 2015 to 2020, this study empirically tested the directions and paths of the impact of the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure using fixed effects model and mediating effects model. The study showed that: 1 The closer the geographical distance between enterprises and ecological environmental regulatory authorities, the higher the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure, which supported the 'distance attenuation effect' hypothesis of supervision costs. 2 The impact of geographical distance on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure was realized through the intensity of supervision and monitoring at the provincial level and the intensity of law enforcement at the prefecture level. 3 The strengthening of environmental governance intensity, the improvement of regional digitalization level, and the increase in media attention suppressed the 'distance attenuation effect' of supervision costs. It is concluded that in order to achieve a balanced development of the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure in the whole region, it is necessary to strengthen environmental governance intensity, improve regional digitalization level, and increase media attention. From the perspective of geographical economics, this paper expands the influencing factors of corporate environmental information disclosure quality, enriches the theoretical practice of the 'distance attenuation effect' in geographical economics, and provides solutions and theoretical bases for promoting the balanced development of corporate environmental information disclosure quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievements of ecological civilization construction in the new era have attracted worldwide attention and become a significant symbol of historic achievements and transformation in the cause of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese nation in this era. Based on the perspective of ecological and environmental governance modernization, this paper summarizes and reviews China's green development in the decade of the new era. From the perspectives of green development system and mechanism, ecological environment quality, green economic transformation, green and low-carbon life, and global sustainable development, this paper statistically demonstrates the results of China's green development in the new era in the past decade. Guided by the five major relationships of coordinated promotion of carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and economic growth, the study proposed an optimized path to further promote green development on the new journey towards modernization. Green development is a new development model formed by the CPC after unremitting exploration and a profound revolution in the development concept. It includes aspects of the green transformation of the economy and the development of a green economy and has profound theoretical logic, historical logic, and realistic logic. In the decade from the 18th to the 20th CPC National Congress, China took multiple measures to improve its governance system, promote environmental co-governance through multi-dimensional interaction, implement governance measures scientifically and effectively, and improve governance effectiveness in a multi-pronged approach, successfully exploring a green development path that conforms to nature and promotes harmony between humanity and nature. In that decade, China had continuously improved its institutional mechanisms for green development, achieved overall improvement in ecological and environmental quality, made important progress in green economic transformation, and made green and low-carbon living a new trend, contributing China's strength to global sustainable development. China has created a world-renowned ecological miracle and a green development miracle, and green development has become a prominent feature in pursuing a Chinese path to modernization. We should fully understand the new tasks and requirements put forward by the 20th CPC National Congress, analyze the new situation and problems currently faced, and continue to promote green development on the new journey. We must effectively strengthen the concept of the system, jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and economic growth, and accelerate the formation of a mechanism to coordinate the relations between these four aspects and correctly handle the five major relationships. And we will accelerate the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, cultivate a green feature for high-quality development, and promote the steady and long-term development of green development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

W ith the continuous deepening of (Jhinas green environmental protection concept, the corporate social rcsponsihilitj7 (CSR) reports of listed companies have gradually become an important indicator for evaluating the future value of enterprises. Based on the order effect theory of psychology: this paper focused oil the plicnomciion of the fonvaid presentation of the environmental information chapter in (JSR reports, constnictcd the location measurement variables of the cnvironmciital inlbrmation chapter with the (JSR reports of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shcnzlicn Stock Exchange from 201 1 to 2021, and explored the impact of the presentation order of the environmental chapter on institutional investors through empirical research. The results showed that: (1) The forward presentation of the environmental information chapter in CSR reports led to an increase in institutional investorsf shareholding ratio, which was still valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. (2) The heterogeneity analysis showed that the differential effect of the fonvard presentation of the environmental information chapter on institutional investors was mainly reflected in corporate cnvironmciital awareness, and the characteristics of institutional investors, i.c., the environmental pctformancc level, environmental information disclosure quality, and industry environmental sensitivity of listed companies, all affected the role of the environmental information chapter in institutional investorsf shareholding ratio. (Compared to non-invcstmcnt-oricntcd institutional investors, investment-oriented institutional investors were more susceptible to the impact of the fonvard presentation of the environmental information chapter, of which QFII and insurance institutional investors were more affected by the order of the environmental information chapter location.③ The economic conscquciiccs of the forward presentation of the environmental information chapter in CSR reports were mainly reflected in the improvement of the future value of enterprises. This result was tested on different value measurement variables. In low-Tohiiifs QJisted companies, the incremental effect of the fonvaid presentation of the environmental information chapter oil the future value of the enterprise was more significant. Further rcscaich showed that institutional investors could keenly perceive the economic consequences of the fonvard presentation of the environmental Liifbrmatioii chapter, and this conclusion indirectly confirmed the smart money? effect of institutional investors by favoring listed companies with low Tohinfs Q and the fonvard presentation of the environmental information chapter. This paper analyzes the impact of the order of the environmental information chapter oil institutional investorsf investment decisions, providing empirical evidence for the order effect of the environmental information chapter location in CSR reports and broadening the research field of psychological order effects in the capital market. It lias significant implications for improving the disclosure system of (JSR reports, strcngtlicning the supervision of disclosure, and increasing the usefulness of institutional investorsf dccision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants is an important component of environmental and climate governance. Synergizing the reduction of air pollution and carbon emissions is a general starting point for advancing the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, which is helpful for the construction of a beautiful China and the achievement of the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. This paper systematically reviews the concept, category, and quantitative evaluation methods of promoting the synergistic effects of air pollution control and carbon emission reduction, and compares the characteristics and applicability of comprehensive top-down, bottom-up, and mixed synergistic effect evaluation models. We also analyzed and summarized the application of synergistic effects in policies to achieve a single target and collaborative control in various countries, with the purpose of providing empirical guidance for China's relevant policies to exert synergistic governance effects. From a technical perspective and combining the direct and indirect links between pollutants and greenhouse gases, this paper analyzes the deep-rooted causes of the synergistic effects, explores the driving forces of key industries such as electric power, industry, and transportation to help reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and summarizes four key scientific issues in comprehensive evaluations of synergistic effects from a management science perspective. The standardization of the comprehensive evaluation process and the interdisciplinary intersection of various evaluation processes reflect the complexity of the evaluations, and it is necessary to analyze the production and transmission processes of greenhouse gases and pollutants, as well as the direct and indirect links between the two and their mechanisms impacting health. The diversity of time, space, and evaluation object selection in comprehensive evaluations leads to uncertainty in the results. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on gradually mature big data collection and storage technology to strengthen the synergistic control and quantitative mapping of the impact on emission levels, health levels, emission reduction costs, and agricultural and ecological systems. Enhancing the comparability of comprehensive evaluations is conducive to the mutual confirmation and comparative analysis of different results. It is also necessary to reasonably calculate the comprehensive benefits of synergistic control in different dimensions. The focus of evaluations at the national, regional, and urban levels varies greatly, so it is necessary to clarify the pollution and carbon reduction governance system and strengthen the hierarchical nature of the evaluations in order to promote more scientific implementation of policies by management departments at all levels to achieve the synergistic effects of carbon emission reduction and air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is a vital technical path to realize the low-carbon transformation of the coal power industry as well as a key means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the future power system. However, the current development path of coupling coal power and CCUS technology is not clear, and there is room for the optimization of the corresponding policy mechanism. This paper quantitatively estimates the contribution of CCUS application in the coal power industry to China's low-carbon energy transition strategy, describes the future development path of coal power's CCUS industrialization from the spatio-temporal dimension, and further constructs a comprehensive supporting policy system framework. The results show that the development of coupling coal power and CCUS technology is technically and economically feasible, which can not only achieve deep decarbon-ization of the power system and bring significant output and employment dividends in the coal power industry, but also effectively control the average carbon price level of society. In terms of the temporal dimension, the development path of coal power's CCUS industrialization in the future should be divided into three stages: technology research, development, and demonstration (2021--2030), large-scale application (2030--2040), and commercial development (2040--2060). In terms of the spatial dimension, the technically and economically feasible regions for cluster development are the Ordos Basin, the Junggar Basin, the Bohai Bay Basin, etc. Constructing a comprehensive policy support system framework incorporating ' macro support, fiscal and tax finance, market mechanism, technology research, development, and demonstration, as well as management system' is conducive to realizing a large-scale CCUS application in the coal power industry. In the stage of technology research, development, and demonstration of coal power's CCUS application, more definitive incentive policies such as storage subsidies, compensation for power generation hours, and feed-in tariff subsidies should be implemented. When the project cost drops to a certain extent, there should be a gradual transition to market-based policy tools such as carbon trading and green electricity trading mechanisms, and green finance should also be promoted. Based on the relevant conclusions, some targeted policy suggestions are put forward to provide references for promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of China's coal power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in the prevention and control of water resource disasters is an important part of the prevention and cooperation of international river conflicts. It is also an important means to promote the de-securitization of water resources. Taking the Ili River and Lancang-Mekong River, two typical transboundary rivers in China, as the objects of analysis, this paper identifies the deficiencies in disaster early warning and emergency management of transboundary rivers in China from the perspectives of breadth, depth, and closeness. The main existing problems are summarized as follows: (J) There is no mature collaborative management mechanism for water resource disasters within the basin with an integrated platform to share data, predict disasters, formulate strategies, and communicate information. © Due to the lack of an efficient two-way disclosure system, there is little information sharing among the basin countries. © Special funds for water resource cooperation in the basin are far from enough, and they are characterized as scattered, small in amount, and intermittent. Accordingly, this paper proposes four principles for collaborative management over transboundary river disasters: information sharing, equal consultation, no significant harm, and integrated planning. Furthermore, a mechanism for disaster early warning and emergency cooperative management over transboundary rivers is proposed, including a special fund for basin water resource cooperation, an information sharing system, a disaster risk assessment system, and an emergency management decision system. Safeguard measures to support the operation of the management mechanism are put forward, including joint construction of water conservancy projects, technical assistance, interest compensation, legal system construction, fund establishment, disaster insurance, and so on. The mechanism proposed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiencies of the existing management mechanism framework of transboundary rivers in China, but also provide a reference for the implementation of disaster early warning and emergency management of other transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a leading scholar in the field of sustainable development research, Herman Daly developed original and unique thoughts on sustainable development that have had world-class impacts on the theories, indicators, and policies in this field. Based on the frame-work of ' Ends-Means,' Daly's thoughts on sustainable development focus on the Ultimate End (well-being improvement) and the Ulti-mate Means (natural capital). Daly advocated that to use natural capital to promote human well-being in a sustainable manner, the cur-rent growth economy has to be transformed into a steady-state economy. Because economic growth has biophysical properties and is re-stricted by many factors, such as the laws of thermodynamics and planetary boundaries, unlimited growth is impossible. When its marginal ecological and social costs begin to be larger than its economic benefits, economic growth would turn into uneconomic growth. In this sense, unlimited growth is undesirable. As an alternative to the growth economy, the steady-state economy advocates promoting hu-man well-being within ecological limits and demands that stocks of material wealth be used efficiently and equitably. The steady-state economy is one of the most effective ways of achieving sustainable development. Along the main line of transforming the growth economy into the steady-state economy, as required by sustainable development, this paper reviews Daly's main thoughts on sustainable development on the following topics: ' a new perspective of economic production,' ' unlimited growth is impossible,' ' unlimited growth is undesirable,' and ' the steady-state economy is compatible with sustainable development.' Based on this review, the paper points out that, Daly's thoughts on sustainable development provide theoretical support and ideological implications for China's high-quality development from a different perspective, and broaden the theoretical horizon of China's high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation tillage is an important way to ensure the sustainable utilization of cultivated land and a key measure to speed up the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application. Its economic effects have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life. Based on the micro-survey data from 2 127 grain growers in the main grain-producing areas, this paper applied the stochastic frontier production model to estimate the grain production efficiency of adopters and non-adopters. The Tobit model and propensity score matching method were implemented to examine the impact of the adoption of conservation tillage technology on grain production and environmental efficiency. The main results showed that: (J) The adoption of conservation tillage technology had the effect of ' increasing efficiency and reducing emissions' in grain production, and the conclusion was still valid after alleviating possible endogenous problems and a series of robustness tests. © In terms of scale, small-scale farmers adopted conservation tillage technology 'only to increase efficiency, not to reduce emissions,' medium-scale farmers adopted the technology ' only to reduce emissions, not to increase efficiency,' and large-scale farmers adopted the technology ' to increase efficiency and reduce emissions.' © In terms of production efficiency, the adoption of conservation tillage technology by farmers with high production efficiency ' not only increased efficiency but also reduced emissions.' The effects of ' increasing efficiency' and ' reducing emissions' adopted by farmers with medium or lower production efficiency were not verified. ® In terms of technology combination, adopting conservation tillage technology in combination focused on improving efficiency. The adoption of the combination of ' straw returning to field+subsoiling,' ' straw returning to field+no-tillage direct seeding,' and ' subsoiling+no-tillage direct seeding+straw returning to field ' significantly improved grain production efficiency but did not play its due positive role in environmental efficiency compared to non-adopters. Based on the conclusion of the empirical research, we should attach great importance to the popular application of conservation tillage technology and guide and support farmers to actively and consciously adopt this technology. On the other hand, it is necessary to combine the resource endowment and actual production demand of different types of farmers and selectively formulate the popularization scheme of conservation tillage technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material flow analysis (MFA) method is widely used in the fields of resource management, environmental governance, and sustainable development evaluation, but the progress of its international research and the paths to support carbon neutrality are still unclear. Therefore, following the logic of ' sorting-integration - expansion,' this study first analyzed 2 148 documents included in the core database of Web of Science from 2000 to 2022 by using CiteSpace bibliometric tools, captured the key knowledge base and topic evolution of the international MFA research, and conducted a detailed review and comprehensive analysis of the MFA frontier application research. Second, by integrating the current status of international MFA research and the paths to carbon neutrality, this study constructed an integrated MFA research framework towards carbon neutrality. Finally, this paper summarized the support paths of MFA application research for the four important carbon reduction sectors and proposed current research deficiencies and future development directions. The main findings include: (J) The key studies in the fields of ' resource management,' ' environmental accounting,' and ' indicators ' could serve as a methodological and theoretical basis for MFA to perform its management, accounting, and evaluation functions. © With the support of the basic research topics of 'industrial ecology,' 'material flow analysis,' and 'material flow management, ' the application research topics of MFA had gradually evolved from the outdated topics of ' nitrogen,' ' Tarragona province,' ' heavy metals,' and ' alloying elements' to the frontier topics of ' municipal solid wastes,' ' iron,' ' circular economy,' ' exposure,' and ' renewable energy,' and the integrated application of MFA with the methodologies of scenario analysis, life-cycle assessment, and input-output modeling had become a mainstream trend. © The integrated MFA research framework towards carbon neutrality consisted of three modules, i.e., theoretical and methodological basis, application research paradigm, and supporting pathway for carbon neutrality, of which the structure of the application research paradigm reflected the core functions of the MFA, i.e., accounting material stocks and flows, assessing material demand and recycling potential, and developing the material management system. The elements of the application research paradigm covered the metabolic object, spatial scale, application triggers, main content, and application purpose of MFA research. ® The studies of MFA application supported the four important carbon reduction sectors in heterogeneous ways, and their relevance to the goal of achieving carbon neutrality needed to be further improved. In future research, MFA can be applied to account for the resource demand and waste generation of specific zero-carbon technologies in the energy production sector, to assess the resource and environmental impacts of end-use electrification, efficiency, and cleaner technologies in the energy consumption sector, to measure the environmental exposures and economic feasibility of the technologies for decarbonization and solid-waste utilization in the industrial and commercial sectors, and to evaluate the metabolic efficiency of nutrients and the performance of biological carbon fixation in the agriculture and forestry sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021—2025) for national economic and social development and the long-range objectives through the year 2035, China is experiencing a critical period of realizing the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative change to qualitative change. Enterprises are the major micro-subject of environmental pollution and governance. Thus, their investment in environmental governance not only affects their own ESG performance, but also affects the quality of environmental governance at the national level. As the investment choices of managers (especially CEOs) as the main decision-makers and executors are subject to the dual constraints of individual interest goals as well as internal and external environmental factors, their job security and decision-making motivation will affect the corporate environmental governance investment. In fact, both positive and negative environmental governance behaviors exist. Considering the functional differences of various types of environmental governance choices, the content of executives’ environmental governance investment reflects the environmental protection attitude of enterprises. In view of this, based on the statistical data of A-share high-polluting enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2009 to 2020, this paper examined the relationship between CEO turnover and environmental costs of enterprises, discussed the mechanisms, and further analyzed the heterogeneous impact of internal and external factors, including government subsidies and executive compensation incentives. The results showed that: ① CEO turnover would increase the mandatory environmental costs of enterprises, restrain the proactive environmental costs, and reduce the enthusiasm of enterprises for environmental governance. These findings remained stable after addressing the endogenous issues. ② Further research showed that the catering motivation and risk aversion motivation associated with CEO turnover were important mechanisms. ③ Such findings could be inhibited by government subsidies and magnified by execu‑ tive compensation incentives. This paper provides decision-making references and empirical evidence for the deepening of China ’s environmental regulatory policies and the optimization of corporate environmental governance decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government budget, as a national fiscal revenue and expenditure plan, specifies the scope and direction of government activities, including environmental governance, and is an important policy tool for enhancing the modernization of environmental governance capabilities. Giving full play to the guiding and governing role of the government budget in winning the battle against air and water pollution and soil contamination is of great significance to the continued modernization of the environmental governance system and governance capacity. Budget deviation is an important indicator of government budgetary capacity and influences local government environmental governance behavior. Analyzing from the perspective of budget deviation, this paper examined the integrated environmental governance effect of the government budget by constructing a fixed-effects model using data on budget deviation and industrial pollutant emissions in 291 prefectural-level cities in China from 2007 to 2020. The result indicated that: ① During the sample period, the government budget had an integrated environmental governance effect, which could significantly improve local environmental governance. ② Path analysis showed that the government budget could incentivize and constrain local environmental governance behavior. In terms of budgetary revenue deviation, the government budget could influence government environmental governance behavior through tax constraints that regulate local government fiscal rules. In terms of budgetary expenditure deviation, the government budget guided the direction of local government governance by increasing the share of environmental protection inputs, which in turn enhanced environmental governance. ③ Heterogeneity analysis showed that the integrated environmental governance effect of the government budget was affected by institutional factors and regional resource stock and structure, which was more pronounced in regions with weak environmental regulations, low environmental performance assessment, low pollution self-purification rate, and low administrative hierarchies. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: developing a modern budgetary system to give full play to the functional role of the government budget in environmental governance; strengthening the incentive and constraint mechanism and continuously promoting integrated budget performance governance; strengthening budget supervision and harnessing the synergies of the national supervision system; and improving environmental regulations and environmental performance assessment systems, accelerating industrial transformation, and bringing into play the functional effect of the government budget in the field of environmental governance. This paper enriches the related research on government budget and environmental governance, which is conducive for the local government to formulating relevant policies according to local conditions, improving the role of the government budget in local environmental governance, and accelerating the modernization of the environmental governance system and governance capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agriculture sector requires the exploration of the land-energy-food-waste (LEFW) nexus to support China’s strategic goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. This study is significant as it helps agriculture sequester car‑ bon, reduce emissions, and promote low-carbon and sustainable development, ultimately leading to meeting these goals. The study presents a systematic analysis of the nexus between land, food, energy, and waste resources in the agriculture sector. A literature review, coupled with induction methods, is conducted to identify research trends and hotspots in relation to the LEFW nexus for carbon sequestration and emission reduction in agriculture. It also highlights the underlying mechanisms and proposes future research directions. The research results show that: ① The research focus on the LEFW nexus has shifted from analyzing individual elements to constructing and analyzing a multidimensional and systematic response framework. It is essential to move away from the traditional one-way element correlation research approach and adopt a closed-cycle correlation research approach. ② A new research problem has emerged, which involves identifying environmental and economic conflicts related to the allocation of land, energy, food, and waste resources in the agricultural sector under the pressure of the ‘dual carbon’ goals. The study suggests coordinated resource allocation, optimization, and system governance as a better solution to this problem compared to traditional resource utilization methods. ③ The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach to research the interrelated effects of the LEFW nexus in agriculture, taking into consideration both natural and social science perspectives. The paper presents various perspectives, including carbon and nitrogen element life cycle, agricultural pro‑ duction and management models, behavioral economics and social decision-making, system resource allocation optimization, as well as external contacts and influencing factors. The goal is to summarize the role of natural, environmental, socio-economic, and policy pressures on the research mechanisms surrounding interrelated effects. ④ Interdisciplinary integration can pave the way for theoretical in‑ novation in the interrelated mechanisms, enrich research content, and consider behavioral games and trade-offs among multiple stake-holders with varying interests. In conclusion, this paper proposes three research prospects: examining the relationship between interrelated research and modern agricultural and rural development, exploring changes in interrelated research under different development backgrounds, optimizing interrelated assessment, and update of research methods. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the relationship between agricultural resource correlation, carbon sequestration, and emission reduction. These findings provide crucial references for optimizing resource allocation, formulating low-carbon policies, and achieving China’s ‘dual carbon’ goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing problem of climate change, the sustainable growth of human society is confronting a more serious challenge. The carbon emission trading market is not only a typical practice of applying the Coase Theorem to solving the problem of environmental externalities, but also an important policy tool for China to address climate change and achieve its goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. From the commencement of the carbon emission trading pilot project in 2011 to the launch of the national carbon market in 2021, policymakers and academics have been concerned about the policy impacts of China's carbon markets. This paper carries out a review of the latest literature on the evaluation of the policy effects of China's carbon markets from the dimensions of environment, economy, and innovation. This paper finds that: ① In terms of the environmental effect, China's carbon markets not only promote carbon emission reduction at the macro, meso, and micro levels, but also produce collaborative emission reduction effects on other pollutants such as haze. ② In terms of the economic effect, China's carbon markets exert a positive impact on green development, energy efficiency, and business performance, and play a positive role in promoting industrial structure upgrading, employment, and income distribution. ③ In terms of the innovation effect, China's carbon market can encourage enterprises to increase investment in innovation and promote the quantity and quality of green technological innovation. Finally, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the existing research from three aspects: research perspective, research content, and research conclusion, and looks forward to the possible direction of future research. This paper believes that, based on the Chinese scenario, future research can expand the perspective to the welfare effects of carbon markets, pay more attention to the spillover effects of carbon markets between regions and industries, and clarify the intrinsic correlation between the institutional design and the policy effects of carbon markets in the context of the differentiated institutional design of China's carbon emission trading pilots, in order to provide guidelines for the institutional optimization of the national carbon market. Additionally, future research should standardize the research methodology of carbon market policy effect evaluation, so as to enhance the value of carbon market impact assessment research in the practice of constructing China's national carbon market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the new development paradigm, can the innovation-driven policies represented by the national independent innovation demonstration zones and the innovative city pilots effectively exert the efficiency of the 'innovation experimental fields' and coordinate the realization of the 'dual carbon' goals? Based on the panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020, this paper used the progressive difference-in-differences (DID) model to evaluate the multi-dimensional policy effect of the innovation-driven policy 'double pilot' on carbon emissions from the dual perspectives of quantity and quality. The results showed that: ① The 'double pilot' policy had an obvious synergistic effect on the quantity reduction and quality improvement of carbon emissions, and the synergistic effect of the 'double pilot' policy was more obvious than that of the 'single pilot' policy. The above conclusions still held after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests, such as the PSM-DID. ② The 'double pilot' policy could not only directly exert the two-wheel driving effect of effective carbon reduction, but also provide assistance for carbon reduction and quality improvement through resource allocation effects and technological progress effects. However, the path of structural upgrading effect had not yet appeared. ③ The synergistic effect of the 'double pilot' policy was related to the geographical location and the level of industrialization, showing typical west-to-east ladder-like distribution characteristics, and in the cities that first became innovative cities and then national independent innovation demonstration zones and demonstrated lower resource dependence, this synergistic effect would be more obvious. The paper provides some implications for local governments to coordinate the implementation of the 'double pilot' policy and boost the realization of the 'dual carbon' goals and the successful implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to adhere to the optimization of national land use development patterns and the green development policy for achieving ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. This paper used the undesirable output SBM model to measure the green development efficiency of 36 prefecture-level cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019. It also used the Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) method to explore the complex influence mechanism of the linkage of various influencing factors on the efficiency of green development. The results showed that: ① The green development efficiency of the restricted development zones in the whole basin showed an overall fluctuation and upward trend, and the green development efficiency of various regions in the basin varied significantly. The downstream restricted development zones had the highest green development efficiency, followed by the middle stream restricted development zones, with the upstream restricted development zones having the lowest efficiency. ② The areas with high green development efficiency in the restricted development zones of the whole basin changed from cluster distribution to contiguous distribution, the effective efficiency areas changed from being concentrated in the upper and middle reaches to the middle and lower reaches of the areas, and the green development efficiency of the restricted development zones on the southern bank of the Yellow River was significantly higher than that of the areas on the northern bank. ③ Each of these factors--the level of economic development, urbanization, environmental regulation, degree of trade openness, advanced industrial structure, and investment in science and education--could not singularly become a necessary condition for promoting the formation of high green development efficiency in the restricted development zone of the Yellow River Basin. ④ Four models were identified as those that could promote green development efficiency in the restricted development zones in the Yellow River Basin. In terms of the different types of cities, the 'environmental regulation + export-oriented economy' linkage model could promote the green development efficiency of agricultural cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. The linkage model of 'basic dynamic + environmental regulation + export-oriented economy + industrial upgrading' could promote the green development efficiency of resource-based cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. The two models of 'export-oriented economy + industrial upgrading' linkage and 'basic dynamic + industrial upgrading + science and education investment' linkage could promote the green development efficiency in the old industrial bases in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the perspective of configuration association, this paper provides policy suggestions for promoting green development in agricultural cities, resource-based cities, and old industrial base cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, large-scale and long-term haze pollution has become a major bottleneck restricting China ’s high-quality development and ecological civilization construction. Facing the pressures of economic development and environmental governance, innovation, and technological progress is a win-win choice for China to achieve economic growth and improve air quality. Based on patent stock and PM2.5 concentration data of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2019, this paper constructed two instrumental variables, namely, administrative protection of intellectual property rights and public innovation environment and analyzed the effects and mechanisms of innovation on haze pollution by the two-stage least square method. The study found that the use of air flow coefficient, temperature inversion days, and rainfall could effectively control the spatial diffusion of haze, and both green innovation and non-green innovation can significantly reduce haze pollution. It was found that, after adding instrumental variables, the invention patent and utility-model patent were the most effective in haze treatment, and the haze control effect of non-green patents exceeded that of green patents. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the haze control effect of the patent stock in the eastern and central cities was relatively strong, and the effect of innovation to curb haze was strengthened after 2012. Furthermore, in cities with abundant human capital and a high degree of marketization, innovation was more conducive to reducing PM2.5. The test on the intermediate mechanism showed that green patents could achieve haze management front-end prevention and end treatment through industrial green transformation and energy efficiency improvement, while non-green patents could play a role through allot efficiency improvement mechanisms. The above conclusions are still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as changing indicators and considering the spatial spillover effect of haze pollution. Based on the empirical results, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: local governments should strengthen the intellectual property protection system, promote more investment and incentive policies for green technology innovation, encourage high-quality innovation output at the ecological level, and improve urban air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong sustainable development sticks to the irreplaceability and uniqueness of natural capital and maintains that the essential stock of natural capital should be passed on from one generation to another. It achieves environmental equity and intergenerational equity by maximizing the intertemporal utility of environmental benefits. This paper analyzes the dimensions of the strong sustainable development paradigm in identifying ecological space. The ecological space can be divided into two categories: strong sustainable development space and weak sustainable development space. The former refers to the critical ecological space where ecological security is maintained and the priority is to maintain the status quo of the ecosystem, or at least keep it from sinking into degeneration. In contrast, the latter belongs to the non-critical ecological space, where proper development and construction can be carried out within the ecological security threshold. Based on the case study of the Tarim River Basin and the concept of strong sustainable development, this paper keeps to the method of combining ecological service function and ecological sensitivity in assessment and conducts research on the classification of the ecological space and the patterns of strong and weak sustainability. According to the research, the sensitive and extremely sensitive areas of the Tarim River Basin take up the lion ’s share of the total area, or 55.01% and 29.23%, respectively. The strong sustainable development ecological space incorporates the urgent ecological space and the crisis ecological space, which stand at 305 257.84 km² and 573 281.16 km², respectively, accounting for 29.28% and 54.98% of the researched area, respectively. The re‑ search reveals a high degree of conflict over the ecological security of land use in the Tarim River Basin and a desperate adjustment ca‑ pability for the strong sustainable development of ecological space. Ecological space of strong sustainable development is an important ecological functional space. Accurate identification of ecological space can provide a scientific basis for the delineation of ecological protection red lines and the management of ecological space. Ecological space evaluation based on the paradigm of strong sustainable development can provide green development planning ideas under ecological priority for the subsequent development strategies of respective regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming responsibility for emission reduction is an important part of participating in the global governance of climate change. Countries with a carbon neutrality target now cover about 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Carrying out fairness evaluations of their carbon neutrality targets provide a strong basis for the global carbon inventory. In this paper, the target years of carbon neutrality for major countries and regions under the global target of 2 °C and 1.5 °C are studied using the burden sharing model. On this basis, this paper simulates the possible pathways of carbon neutrality and evaluates the ambition of emission reduction targets in terms of annual emission reduction, per capita emission, and cumulative per capita emission. The results show that, from the perspective of equity, most of the developing countries cannot meet the global goal of 1.5 °C. The United States and the European Union nations could achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 by continuing their annual emission reductions under their existing NDC targets. However, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, China's annual emission reduction rate from 2030 to 2050 will be 6.7%, and the annual amount of emission reduction accounts for 51% of the global amount under the 1.5 °C target. Meanwhile, China would become the main force behind global cumulative emissions in the following decades. Thus, the emission reduction pathways China chooses will have an important impact on global climate mitigation progress. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper proposes that developed countries and developing countries should explore bilateral or multilateral cooperation in technology and finance in the field of climate change. Under the great pressure to achieve carbon neutrality, China needs to carry out research on the overall emission reduction pathways as soon as possible and clarify the paths at the scale of sectors, industries, provinces, and time stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China' s economy is in the midst of a crucial transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Strengthening the rigid constraint of water resources and curbing the disorderly expansion of high water-consuming enterprises are crucial to alleviating structural overcapacity and realizing economic development transformation from a resource-driven to an innovation-driven mode. Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021, this paper explored the impact of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises from the perspectives of free cash flow and technological innovation. The research results showed that levying a water resource tax could significantly inhibit the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, and the conclusion was still robust after a series of robustness tests (the parallel trend test, the placebo test, the PSM-DID, changing the measurement method of explained variables, excluding other policy influences, and the instrumental variable test). The mechanism analysis showed that levying a water resource tax could restrain over-investment by reducing the free cash flow of high water-consuming enterprises and stimulating technological innovation. At the same time, the restraining effect of water resource taxes on excessive investment in high water-consuming enterprises was more obvious in state-owned enterprises, enterprises with higher financing constraints, and those with higher water intensity. Based on the above conclusions, this paper holds that the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy should be continuously improved, and the incentive mechanism of water resource tax should be improved while increasing the promotion of water consumption monitoring equipment. The flexibility of policy implementation should be strengthened, and different strategies should be adopted to guide high water-consuming enterprises with different operating conditions and investment cycles to change their production methods and investment behaviors. To implement the policy of 'giving priority to saving water' systematically, we should not only strengthen the water-saving supervision, but also raise the awareness of water users to save water voluntarily. By exploring the impact of water resource tax on the over-investment of high water-consuming enterprises, this paper attempts to deepen the understanding of the water resource 'fee-to-tax' policy, enrich the relevant literature in the field of resource regulation research, and provide a policy reference for realizing the coordinated development of economy, society, and resource carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to clarify the internal logical relationship among fairness perception, social trust, and public participation in watershed eco-compensation, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of watershed ecocompensation and promote watershed eco-protection and high-quality development. Based on 979 responses from field survey data in the Dawen River Basin of Shandong Province, this paper used the structural equation model to incorporate institutional trust and interpersonal trust into the analysis framework and constructed a parallel mediation model to explore the internal mechanism between fairness perception, social trust, and public watershed eco-compensation participation behavior. Moreover, a moderating variable (income level) was introduced to conduct a multi-group analysis. The results showed that: 1 Fairness perception had a significant positive impact on the participation behavior of watershed eco-compensation, and the public's fairness perception was mainly affected by outcome justice and interpersonal justice. 2 Social trust played a mediating role between perceived justice and public participation in watershed eco-compensation. Fairness perception could significantly enhance the public's institutional trust and interpersonal trust, and the public' s institutional trust and interpersonal trust had a positive driving effect on their participation in watershed eco-compensation. Comparing the intensity of the effect between the two parallel mediating paths, the mediating effect of institutional trust was higher than that of interpersonal trust, indicating that institutional trust was the key variable driving public participation in watershed eco-compensation. 3 The public with higher policy awareness was more likely to participate in watershed eco-compensation. 4 Multi-group analysis showed that fairness perception and institutional trust played a significant role in driving low and high income groups to participate in watershed eco-compensation, while interpersonal trust was more able to drive middle income groups to participate. The policy implications of this paper are as follows: we should encourage the realization of multi-dimensional justice to improve the public's overall sense of justice, give full play to the positive role of institutional trust and interpersonal trust in promoting public participation, optimize watershed eco-compensation policy based on public participation, and attach importance to improving participants' awareness of watershed eco-compensation policies. It is of enlightening significance for driving the public to participate in watershed eco-compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion policies of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry have evolved over time along with its rapid development in China. The NEV market has advanced to a new level where it complies with international practices and fully accommodates competition. Studying the market implications of the NEV promotion policy adjustment is of significant theoretical and practical value given the subsidy withdrawal, technological advancement, and sales growth. Based on interrupted time series analysis, this paper used 60 monthly time points from January 2017 to December 2021 to construct a time-series data set. Taking promotion policy adjustment as a policy variable, this paper estimated the market effect disparities of promotion policies in major cities in China through counterfactual analysis, and the special phenomenon of NEV sales climbing caused by subsidy withdrawal was further analyzed. Furthermore, the study findings were verified by robustness and heterogeneity tests. The result showed that: 1 After several adjustments, the national NEV promotion policy achieved remarkable results in the first-tier and new first-tier cities and other developed areas in general. 2 The key factor to promote the NEV market was technological advancement, and the essence of subsidy withdrawal was to promote more rapid technological innovation among relevant enterprises by raising the threshold of subsidy technology and eliminating backward production capacity. It was the subsidy withdrawal that led to sales growth. 3 The policy of relaxing curbs on NEV purchases failed to significantly promote the sales of NEVs and did not seem to be unsustainable, so it should not be regarded as a key promotion policy in the future. It is suggested that the pertinent departments shift their promotion policies in favor of the user side, increase investment in NEV technology research and development, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity through policies and regulations, adjust the license number plate support policy for new energy vehicles in due course, and further improve the double-credit policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transboundary water resources are an important part of freshwater resources. With the rapid development of the world' s population and economy, the demand for water resources in various countries is increasing. Climate change makes the changing situation of water resources uncertain, which intensifies countries' demands for water resource security. Fair and reasonable allocation of transboundary water resources is of great significance for alleviating water conflicts among basin countries and realizing sustainable utilization of these resources. From the perspective of cooperation, we proposed an 'initial allocation to clarify ownership + optimal redistribution to realize efficient utilization' two-level composite allocation mode to improve the rationality and utilization efficiency of transboundary water resources. First, based on the perspective of negotiation, a mechanism of consultation and negotiation using the bargaining game model among basin countries was developed to obtain the initial allocation scheme. Subsequently, based on the concept of benefit sharing, a cooperative game model with fuzzy payment and double fuzzy elements was constructed to discuss the optimal reallocation under different fuzzy scenarios. The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) was used to demonstrate the availability of the proposed framework and optimization model. The results indicated that: 1 Seeking the optimal solution based on negotiation could improve the acceptability of the allocation schemes. 2 Initial allocation was the basis for the development and utilization of transboundary water resources, but it was difficult to adapt to environmental change and the change in water demand of basin countries for a long time. 3 When global cooperation was difficult to form, all basin countries could form fuzzy alliances with different participation rates, which could obtain greater basin system benefits compared with clear alliance cooperation. This paper aims to provide references for transboundary water resource allocation to protect the rights and interests of basin countries, alleviate water resource conflicts, and lay the foundation for the establishment of an integrated management mode of transboundary water resources and the construction of 'a community of shared future' for transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers' green production transformation can ensure the quality and security of agricultural products to a certain extent and alleviate the pressure of the agricultural environment. It is essential to understand the impact of socialized agricultural services on the degree of farmers' green production transformation. Based on 1018 survey responses of farmers in Henan, Shandong, and Shanxi provinces, this paper used the finite mixture model to calculate the degree of farmers' green production transformation and used the propensity score matching (PSM) model to construct the counterfactual hypothesis to estimate the average processing effect and heterogeneity of socialized agricultural services on the degree of farmers' green production transformation. The results showed that: 1 The production mode of wheat growers could be divided into traditional production mode and green production mode. The proportion of wheat growers engaged in green production accounted for 20.33%; their fertilizer application was reduced by 363.35 kg/hm², and their pesticide cost was reduced by 418.73 yuan/hm². 2 Fertilization services and plant protection services could significantly promote the wheat growers' green production transformation, and their average treatment effects were 0.109 and 0.152, respectively. Compared with fertilization services, plant protection services promoted wheat growers' green production transformation to a greater extent. After farmers purchased fertilization services and plant protection services, the corresponding chemical input costs per hectare were reduced by 204.06 yuan and 284.56 yuan, respectively. 3 The impact of socialized agricultural services on farmers' green production transformation was significantly heterogeneous. The average treatment effect on green production transformation was more significant for part-time farmers and farmers trained in agricultural technology who purchased the services. Therefore, we should vigorously cultivate the socialized agricultural service market, strengthen the support for such services in different sectors, guide farmers with different endowments to reasonably purchase such services, and promote farmers' green production transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)