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Colitis is an inflammatory intestinal disease that lasts for a long time, has an unknown cause, and occurs repeatedly. It is usually accompanied by symptoms such as intestinal cell damage, intestinal immunity, and abnormal intestinal flora. Numerous studies have shown that dietary fiber, as a prebiotic, its metabolites can selectively improve the composition of the intestinal flora, which in turn improves the level of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, reduces the expression of inflammatory factors, and enhances the function of the intestinal immune barrier, thereby improving the inflammatory response of the organism. This anti-inflammatory effect of dietary fiber through its metabolites provides new research ideas to assist in the treatment of colitis. This paper outlines the pathogenesis of colitis, and the mechanism of interaction between dietary fiber and its metabolites with intestinal flora, inflammatory factors and immune cells, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the alleviation of colitis by dietary fiber and the development of functional foods.

An optimization method of fracturing fluid volume strength was introduced taking well X-1 in Biyang Sag of Nanxiang Basin as an example. The characteristic curves of capillary pressure and relative permeability were obtained from history matching between forced imbibition experimental data and core-scale reservoir simulation results and taken into a large scale reservoir model to mimic the forced imbibition behavior during the well shut-in period after fracturing. The optimization of the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) fracturing fluid volume strength should meet the requirements of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), increased oil recovery by forced imbibition and enhancement of formation pressure and the fluid volume strength of fracturing fluid should be controlled around a critical value to avoid either insufficiency of imbibition displacement caused by insufficient fluid amount or increase of costs and potential formation damage caused by excessive fluid amount. Reservoir simulation results showed that SRV fracturing fluid volume strength positively correlated with single-well EUR and an optimal fluid volume strength existed, above which the single-well EUR increase rate kept decreasing. An optimized increase of SRV fracturing fluid volume and shut-in time would effectively increase the formation pressure and enhance well production. Field test results of well X-1 proved the practicality of established optimization method of SRV fracturing fluid volume strength on significant enhancement of shale oil well production.

High-quality lacustrine shale beds within the Paleogene Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Sag, Nanxiang Basin, exhibit significant potential for shale oil resources. Previous studies on the oil-bearing potential and hydrocarbon occurrence of shales in the Biyang Sag were relatively limited, potentially hindering advancements for shale oil exploration. This study focuses on the shales found in the third sub-member of the third member within the Hetaoyuan Formation in well Y1, which locates in the southern area of the Biyang Sag. Through various geochemical analyses such as Rock-Eval pyrolysis, multi-temperature pyrolysis and X-ray diffraction, this research systematically investigates the shale oil contents, hydrocarbon occurrence characteristics, and influencing factors. These results indicate that the lithofacies assemblages of the shale primarily consist of felsic shale facies, dolomitic shale facies and mixed shale facies, with a well-developed laminar structure. The source rock quality is classified as good to excellent, and the thermal maturity stage of oil window. The predominant organic maceral is sapropelic, with organic matter types ranging from Ⅰ to Ⅱ1. Oil content increases with burial depth, ranged from adsorbed hydrocarbons in the upper section to free hydrocarbons in the lower section. Detrital mineral content and total organic carbon (TOC) content are identified as the main factors influencing free and adsorbed hydrocarbon content, respectively. Overall, the oil saturation index (OSI) of the shale in the lower section of the Hetaoyuan Formation exceeds 100 mg/g, with an average free hydrocarbon content over 3 mg/g, indicating promising prospects for shale oil exploration and development.

[Objective] In order to reduce the impact of high-speed maglev harmonics on traction network, and to ensure the normal operation of high-speed maglev trains, it is necessary to study the harmonic characteristics of the high-speed maglev traction power suppl system, and the corresponding harmonic suppression methods. [Method] The composition of the high-speed maglev traction power supply system is studied, the dual three-phase half-controlled 12-pulse multiple rectifier circuit and its harmonics are theoretically analyzed and simulated. Based on the principle of the Adaline neural network algorithm and the harmonic characteristics of high-speed maglev trains, a high-speed maglev harmonic detection model based on Adaline is constructed. A harmonic compensation control strategy is used to generate compensating signal of current with equal magnitude but opposite direction to the detected harmonics, for harmonic suppression of the system distorted currents. [Result & Conclusion] Simulation results indicate that before adopting the harmonic detection and suppression method based on Adaline algorithm, the harmonic distortion rate is 11.16%. After applying this method, the content of each harmonic decreases significantly, and the harmonic distortion rate decreases to 1.41%. The research results demonstrate that the proposed harmonic detection and suppression method can effectively reduce harmonic distortion, thereby improving the stability and operational efficiency of the traction power supply system.

This is an essay in the field of metallurgical engineering. Taking a lithium mica ore in Jiangxi as raw material, the roasting-leaching, mixed acid ripening, direct acid leaching and alkali pressure cooking process were explored. Finally, the sulfate roasting-water leaching method was used to extract lithium from lithium mica ore. At the same time, the effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, additive type, additive amount, liquid-solid ratio and leaching temperature on lithium leaching rate were studied. The results show that roasting temperature has a great influence on lithium leaching rate, and the leaching effect of lithium is better in the appropriate roasting temperature range. 40% potassium sulfate, 20% sodium sulfate and 20% calcium oxide were added to the lithium mica ore, calcinated at 900 ℃ for 1 h, and the calcine was leached at room temperature for 1 h according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1∶1. The lithium leaching rate reached 94.87%. This shows that the effect of using sulfate as an additive to roast and extract lithium is better. Through the study of the roasting mechanism, it can be seen that the mineral structure is reconstructed after the addition of sulfate after high temperature roasting. The sodium and potassium ions in the ore are replaced with lithium ions in the lithium mica, so that they are separated from the insoluble aluminum silicate minerals to generate soluble lithium sulfate, which is then immersed in water and then into the solution.

Based on rock mineral and geochemical analysis, microscopic observation, physical property measurement, and thin laminae separation test, etc., the characteristics of typical laminae of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation carbonate-rich shale in the Jiyang Depression were analyzed, and the organic matter abundance, reservoir properties, and oil-bearing properties of different laminae were compared. Typical shale reservoir-flow structures were classified, and the mobility of oil in different types of shale reservoir-flow structure was compared. The results show that the repeated superposition of mud laminae and calcite laminae are the main layer structure of carbonate-rich shales. The calcite laminae are divided into micritic calcite laminae, sparry calcite laminae and fibrous calcite vein. The mud-rich laminae are the main contributor to the organic matter abundance and porosity of shale, with the best hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir capacity, and oil-bearing property. The micritic calcite laminae also have relatively good hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir capacity and oil-bearing property. The sparry calcite laminae and fibrous calcite vein have good permeability and conductivity. Four types of shale reservoir-flow structure are developed in the carbonate-rich shale, and the mobility of oil in each type of reservoir-flow structure is in descending order: sparry calcite laminae enriched shale reservoir-flow structure, mixed calcite laminae enriched shale reservoir-flow structure, fibrous calcite vein enriched shale reservoir-flow structure, and micritic calcite laminae enriched shale reservoir-flow structure. The exploration targets of carbonate-rich shale in the Jiyang Depression Shahejie Formation are different in terms of reservoir-flow structure at different thermal evolution stages.

In order to explore the influence of the seepage of the leftover water sump in the open pit on the mining stability of the mine roadway after the coal mine is converted from open pit mining to underground mining, taking Pingzhuang West Open pit Mine in Inner Mongolia as the research background, the two wing water silos and mine workings are modeled by using FLAC numerical simulation software. On this basis, the points for attention and improvement measures in the mining process of the two wing roadway are proposed. The numerical results show that the maximum plastic pressure of the roadway is concentrated at the bottom of the roadway under two working conditions; the displacement deformation plastic zone is not connected, and the tunnel has no overall plastic connection failure and water permeability failure under the influence of seepage; under the condition of extreme water level, the seepage flow at the bottom of both wings of the roadway increases obviously, but the maximum seepage flow meets the specification requirements; due to the time effect, the strength of the surrounding rock of the roadway decreases and long-term creep deformation will occur at the same time. Therefore, waterproof and drainage measures should be taken for the pit bottom and pool.

For the problem of stick-slip vibration caused by hard rock formation in the process of drill bit penetrating in coal mine, and the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to study the rock cutting performance and stick-slip vibration behavior of PDC bit drilling in five typical different hardness rock strata. The result shows that the stick-slip phenomenon of the bit is more obvious with the increasing of the formation hardness, and in the ultra-hard rock layer, it slips on the rock surface and cannot be effectively drilled. The approach of increasing the rotational speed of the bit can weaken the stick-slip behavior to an extent, but it has no obvious effect on improving the drilling efficiency. The drilling performance of the bit can be improved by increasing drilling pressure, but it will also lead to more serious stick-slip vibration. The torsional impact method can effectively weaken or even inhibit the stick-slip vibration of the bit and improve the drilling performance. However, excessive torsional impact force will lead to an increase in the impact load on the bit.

Liquidambar formosana is an excellent landscape ecological tree species because its beautiful tree shape and red or orange leaves in autumn. In order to understand the genetic basis of discoloration and secondary metabolism of L. formosana leaves, the mixed samples of L. formosana leaves in five leaf discoloration stages were used for full-length transcriptome sequencing using single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (PacBio platform). The results were as follows: (1) High-quality 41.04 Gb data were obtained by full-length transcriptome sequencing, from which 563 180 full-length non-chimeric sequences were identified, and 27 269 high-quality full-length transcripts were obtained by clustering and de-redundancy. In 27 269 full-length transcripts, 2 035 long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) were predicted, and 14 892 simple sequence repeat (SSR) sites and 1 856 transcription factors were detected. (2) The results of gene annotation showed that a total of 24 857 transcripts were annotated in eight databases such as NR, GO, COG and KEGG, etc., 124 metabolic pathways were obtained in KEGG database, including ribosome, carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and so on, and 49 and 71 transcripts were involved in flavonoid and chlorophyll metabolism respectively. The above results preliminarily reveal the transcriptome information and functional characteristics of L. formosana leaves during the leaf discoloration stage, and provide basic data for the follow-up study of the molecular mechanism of leaf discoloration, the pathway and regulation of pigment metabolism and synthesis, the cloning of related functional genes and the improvement of leaf color.

【Objective】The effects of combined application of chemical fertilizer and biochar on the yield, quality, and main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were discussed to provide a theoretical basis for the chemical fertilizer reduction application.【Method】Tobacco variety Yunyan 85 was taken as the test material, five treatments of chemical fertilizer and biochar were set up, CK (control): conventional fertilizer; T1: conventional fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T2: conventional fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+180 kg/hm2 biochars; T3: 80% base chemical fertilizer+360 kg/hm2 biochars. Three repeated randomized block experiments were used in the field. Representative tobacco plants were selected to measure their agronomic traits and SPAD value after transplanting 63 d (topping stage). After curing, the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in each treatment were investigated, the main chemical components and sensory quality evaluation were analyzed.【Result】Application biochar promoted the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and significantly increased the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth. Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar were not significantly reduced the plant height, maximum leaf area, and stem girth, but the SPAD values in the middle leaves were significantly lower. The yield and output value of treatments were T2>T4>T3>T1>CK. The exorbitant value of soil C/N ratio was beneficial for improving the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco.The content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves under all treatments with over 26% and 22%, respectively, exceeded the standard of high quality tobacco leaf, and the content of total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, nitrogen-nicotine ratio and potassium-chloride ratio were all within the appropriate range, respectively. Tabcco leaves under the T1 and CK treatments had more harmonious chemical components. With increasing soil C/N ratio value, contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium of flue-cured tobacco were increased, but decreased the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine. A suitable amount of application biochar resulted in coordination of tabacco leaf chemical components. However, excessive application biochar reduced quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality scores in T1 treatment were the higher (66.10), then in CK and T3 treatments (61.11), and the lowest in T2 treatment (59.86).【Conclusion】The combined application chemical fertilizer and biochar has important effects on the agronomic, economic and quality traits of flue-cured Tobacco. The higher values of soil C/N ratio (T1 and T3 treatments) were good for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, while the exorbitant values of soil C/N ratio (T2 and T4 treatments) were conducive to improving the yield and output value of tobacco leaves. Considering the application fertilizer effects, it was suggested that the best fertilizer application was the combination of biochar fertilizer of 180 kg/hm2 and conventional fertilizer in Sichuan Mianning tobacco-planting area.

Purposes Propylene is an important olefin raw material, and the removal of propane impurities in it is very important in actual production. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great prospects for the separation and purification of propane/propylene. Among them, propane-selective adsorbents can be used to obtain high-purity propylene products in one step, which has extremely high industrial value. MIL-126(Fe) has great potential for preferential adsorption of alkanes becaused of the abundant low-polarity benzene rings that provide dense electronegativity binding sites. Methods MIL-126(Fe) was synthesized through solvothermal method. Findings The stability, C3H8/C3H6 adsorption, and separation properties of MIL-126(Fe) were studied. The results showed that MIL-126(Fe) had excellent stability. The adsorption capacity of C3H8 at 298 K and 1 bar was 185.37 cm3/g, which was higher than that of most propane-selective adsorption MOFs. The IAST selectivity for C3H8/C3H6 mixture was 1.44 at 0.1 bar and 1.23 at 1 bar. It is showed that MIL-126(Fe) had reverse adsorption on propane-propylene mixture, and its propylene recovery potential was 19.71 cm3/g, which was close to the highest level of domestic and international researches. Conclusions The results of gas breakthrough experiments showed that MIL-126(Fe) has great potential for industrial application in one-step production of high-purity propylene.

With the development of urban engineering construction, the issue of construction engineering accidents has become more and more prominent. The geotechnical parameter interval obtained by using the traditional methods cannot meet the needs of actual engineering. Based on the idea of unsupervised learning, the peaty soil with the worst engineering properties is considered, and 8 physical indexes are selected as the input set. The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to realize the dimensionality reduction of multi-sample and multi-parameter decoupling, and the correlation and sensitivity of each physical index is obtained. Combined with its correlation and sensitivity, the comprehensive evaluation value of physical indexes of peat soil with different buried depths is given. The k-means clustering is used to analyze the relationship among physical index, and comprehensive evaluation value and engineering characteristics of peaty soil provide a theoretical basis for the selection of geotechnical parameters. The supervised learning method-BP neural network algorithm is used to analyze the unsupervised results and verify the accuracy of the (PCA—k-means) algorithm model. The normal samples obtained by clustering analysis are optimized by a variety of truncation methods to obtain a reliable value range, and the value results are compared with the actual engineering values to verify the rationality of the model engineering parameters. The algorithm model is of good engineering application value. The research results can provide references for engineering investigation, design and construction parameter values, and also provide a new analysis method for geotechnical parameter value analyses.

The polar cap patch is a common ionospheric structure. It often appears in the F region of the ionosphere over the polar caps; these patches are usually characterized by electron densities that can be even twice greater than that of the surrounding area. Untangling the formation and evolution of the polar cap patch can unveil the transportation of energy and momentum through magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere couplings. However, owing to their wide horizontal reach (~100～1000 km), these high electron density structures greatly obstruct radio wave propagation over the polar cap, particularly at their edges, seriously impeding efforts tied to communication, navigation, and positioning. Therefore, the study of polar cap patches is not only of significance within space physics but also of great value within the context of space weather monitoring and prediction. In this paper, recent progress in polar cap patch research is summarily reviewed. The focus of our review includes the possible mechanisms underlying the formation of the dominant dayside reconnection; the recently proposed sunward return flows, likely produced by the nightside reconnection or other processes; and the newly defined patch-polar cap hot patch and its dependencies on various factors (e.g., solar & geomagnetic activities, local plasma transport, and particle precipitation). We will also delve into patch occurrences, as they relate to spatiotemporal dynamics as well as the interplanetary magnetic field conditions. We will also comprehensively review the evolutionary process tied to the Dungey convection cycle, as it moves from the dayside to the nightside and finally as it exits the polar caps, initially modulated by the pulsed nightside reconnection and then sunward transportation by the return flow. Lastly, we will detail the effects of ion upflow and ionospheric scintillation associated with the polar cap patch. For each subject, we will provide a detailed account of progress that has been made and its corresponding prospects.

Based on the research background of Shandong Lilou Coal Mine, this paper used methods such as on-site investigation, engineering comparison, and on-site monitoring to research on the high-energy events that have occurred in Lilou Coal Mine since 2020, and drew the following conclusions: ①Systematically analyzed the relationship between four influencing factors and high-energy microseismic events including the distribution of abutment pressure, working face “square”, crossing faults, and mining speed, and searched the causes of large energy events. The mining influence range of No.1302 (top) working face is about 30 m behind the face to 170 m in front, and the advanced stress peak is about 70 m in front. The lateral microseismic events are mainly distributed along the gob-side entry, and the whole is offset to the side of the goaf. The distribution of microseismic events at No.1303 working face in the advancing direction of the working face ranges from 15 m behind the face to 200 m in front of the face, and the advanced stress peak is about 80 m in front of the face. The microseismic event at the No.1303 working face is bimodal in the lateral distribution pattern, shifting to the belt grooves. Affected by the wide coal pillar, the stress concentration on the belt grooves is higher than that on the track tunnel. The frequency and energy of microseismic events gradually increased before the “square” of the work face, and stabilized after the “square”. Before crossing the fault, the microseismic events gradually increased, decreased sharply during the crossing, and gradually stabilized after crossing the fault. The peak position of the event was about 40 m in front of the “square” or before the fault. When the mining speed of 1302 (top) working face is 50 m/month and the 1303 working face is 60 m/month, the frequency and energy are the largest. ②By analyzing the inducing factors and locations of large-energy events, large-energy events can be divided into three categories: “energy accumulation type” high-energy events, “fault activation type” high-energy events, and “island structure type” high-energy events, and put forward specific prevention and control measures for different types. The research in this article will provide reference for surrounding mines with similar geological factors and mining technical conditions.

[Objective] The spatiotemporal interactive coupling characteristics between mountainous urbanization and ecosystem health, and the complex relationship between ecosystem health and urbanization were studied to provide a scientific basis for the scientific management and sustainable development of urban areas in the region. [Methods] The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems were analyzed for Chongqing City (a mountainous city) from 2000 to 2020 using the entropy value method and the vigor-organizational-resilience-service (V-O-R-S) model to determine the mechanism of the interactive coupling relationship between urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems. [Results] ① The comprehensive urbanization level in Chongqing City from 2000 to 2020 increased year by year. However, there was still a problem of uneven spatial development, and both the core zone and the low-value area were significantly affected by topographic relief. ② The ecosystem health index from 2000 to 2020 was moderate. The ecosystem health of the regions with rapid urbanization deteriorated significantly, while the ecosystem health of Southeast Chongqing and Northeast Chongqing with higher vegetation cover was good. [Conclusion] The interactive coupling between urbanization and ecosystem health subsystems was on the rise, but has not yet reached a highly coordinated stage, and contradictions still exist. To achieve high-quality and sustainable development in Chongqing City, it will still be necessary to take the green development path and solve the problem of spatial and temporal inequality.

BackgroundIn the process of radiotherapy, when radiation kills tumor cells, it inevitably damages normal tissue cells. ObjectiveTo investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor−kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the improvement of cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation by hydrogen-rich water before and after whole brain irradiation in rats. MethodsFifteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, irradiated group (IR group), and hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HRW group), with 5 rats in each group. The control group was not irradiated, but was given purified water (20 mL·kg−1) by gavage every day, while the IR group and the IR+HRW group were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. Three days before, 10 min before, and 30 days after irradiation, purified water/hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1) was given by continuous gavage every day. The general condition of the rats was observed every day, and the body weight were measured on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th days after irradiation. On the 30th day after irradiation, the learning and memory ability of the rats was tested by Morris water maze; the pathological changes of hippocampus were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after sacrificing the rats; the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and hydroxyl radicals in brain tissues were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting in the hippocampus of rats. ResultsAfter irradiation, the rats in the IR group showed symptoms such as head hair removal and salivation, while the symptoms of the rats in the IR+HRW group were milder. No animal died in the control and the IR+HRW groups, while one rat died in the IR group. From day 14 to day 30 after irradiation, the body weight of the rats in the IR+HRW group tended to be higher than that in the IR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The Morris water maze results showed that the escape latency of the IR+HRW group was shortened compared with that of IR group from day 1 to day 5 except day 3, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). For the rats in the IR+HRW group, it took less time to reach the original location of the platform after removing the platform on day 6 and the number of crossing the platform and the residence time in the original platform quadrant increased (P0.05). The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression levels of TLR4 and Caspase 1 protein in the hippocampus of the IR+HRW group were decreased compared with the IR group (P0.05). ConclusionHydrogen-rich water can improve cognitive impairment induced by ionizing radiation in rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting inflammatory factors, and attenuating oxidative stress.

BackgroundAt present, radiation therapy is widely used in clinical treatment of tumors. However, while radiation therapy damages tumor cells, it also injures surrounding normal tissues. Studies have shown that hydrogen is a potential radiation-protective agent. ObjectiveTo investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cysteinyl aspartate specificproteinase-9 (Caspase-9) signaling pathway in acute radiation-induced brain injury. MethodsForty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, irradiation only group (IR), high-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+HHRW), and low-dose hydrogen-rich water intervention group (IR+LHRW), 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, animals in each group received a single 20 Gy whole brain irradiation. Animals in all groups were gavaged once a day from 3 d before irradiation to 7 d after irradiation, pure water (20 mL·kg−1) was given to the control and the IR groups, and hydrogen-rich water (20 mL·kg−1, 10 mL·kg−1) was given to the IR+HHRW and the IR+LHRW groups. After 7 d of intervention, 5 rats in each group were selected for the Morris water maze experiment for behavioral evaluation. Autopsies were conducted after anesthesia for the remaining animals and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Rat brains were harvested for TUNEL staining to observe neuronal apoptosis. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect oxidative stress-related indicators, and real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway-related genes and proteins. ResultsThe body weight of rats receiving irradiation decreased after 7 d of irradiation compared with the control group (P

Anthocyanins are a water-soluble flavonoids widely distributed in dark grains, berries and vegetables. Anthocyanins have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and adequate intake of cereal-based anthocyanins can reduce the risk of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration and so on. This paper will review the health effects and mechanism of different cereal-based anthocyanins in chronic diseases, focuses on clarifying the distribution and content of anthocyanins in different grains, the effects of cereal anthocyanins regulating Nrf2, NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The paper also points out the current utilization and development trend of cereal anthocyanins. This paper provides scientific evidence for fundamental research and product development of cereal-based anthocyanins in the fields of food and medicine.

According to the characteristics of cyanine tailings in Xiajiadian gold ore, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method and sodium percarbonate (solid hydrogen peroxide solution) oxidation method were carried out to test and study the effect of cyanogen-breaking tailings, aiming to make the cyanogen-breaking tailings meet the backfilling and utilization requirements of HJ 943-2018 《Technical Specification for The Control of Cyanide Residue pollution in the Gold Industry》. The results showed that the cyanide breaking effect of sodium percarbonate (solid hydrogen peroxide) oxidation method was not as good as that of hydrogen peroxide, but the pH value of cyanogen-containing tailings slurry was adjusted to 9, and 2 g/L hydrogen peroxide was used to break the cyanide for 1 h without adding the catalyst CuSO4. The total cyanide content of tailings could be reduced to less than 0.9 mg/kg, and the leaching toxicity index of tailings could meet the requirements of standard backfill utilization.

In order to screen L. plantarum with potential probiotic effect and safety, 114 strains of L. plantarum isolated from Sichuan Paocai were used as starting strains to conduct acid resistance, bile salt tolerance, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal fluid, auto-aggregation ability, pathogenic bacteria co-aggregation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic research. After culturing in pH2.0 acidic conditions and 0.2% bile salt concentration, 13 strains with better tolerance were initially screened. The 13 strains were tested with simulated gastroenteric fluid, aggregation capacity, antibiotic resistance and hemolysis. The results showed that 13 strains simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance survival rate was higher than 75%, auto-aggregation ability 23%~52%, and the co-aggregation ability of pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were 10%~29% and 16%~37%. The results of drug sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests showed that the potential strains showed similar resistance to 10 common antibiotics in drug susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments. They were sensitive to β-lactam and amido alcohol antibiotics, and had strong resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, glycopeptides, macrolides and tetracycline antibiotics. There was no hemolysis phenomenon, indicating high safety. Therefore, the 13 strains of L. plantarum obtained from the primary screening had potential probiotics and high safety, and the research results would provide strain resources for the development of probiotics.

VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the course of psoriasis. Binding of VEGF to VEGFR2 induces receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation at multiple tyrosine sites, promoting the activation of the downstream ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 is highly expressed in keratinocytes in psoriatic lesions, while VEGFR2 activation induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and upregulates the expression of keratin K6, K16, and K17. At the same time, the activation of ERK1/2 can enhance inflammatory response and vascular proliferation. Therefore, blockade of VEGF-mediated vegF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway can regulate the expression of downstream genes in VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway. VEGF and VEGFR2, the key molecules in VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway, may serve as potential therapeutic targets for psoriasis. VEGF inhibitors can block vegF-VEGFR2 signaling pathway by inhibiting VEGF or VEGFR2, playing a therapeutic role in psoriasis. In this review, we review the recent advances in the involvement of VEGF-VEGFR2 pathway in psoriasis.

The arc stability and droplet transfer phenomenon in welding process were analyzed with the help of a high-speed camera system, and the correlation mechanism was explored of arc voltage-arc physical phenomenon-weld morphology and microstructure-mechanical properties of joints in MIG welding of 4 mm-thick 304 stainless steel. The results show that when the voltage is 20.6 V, the welding arc heat distribution is uniform, and the droplet transfer form is a stable and continuous short-circuit transfer. The macroscopic shape of weld is good, and the microstructure is vermicular ferrite. The welded joint has high strength and plasticity. When the voltage drops to 16.6 V, the arc length becomes shorter, and the droplet has been short-circuited before it grows up. Heat conduction is slow, and undercut defects and grooves appear on the upper surface of weld. Part of lathy ferrite appears in the microstructure of weld. When the voltage increases to 24.6 V, the arc energy diverges severely, and the stability and continuity of droplet transfer decrease. Irregular fish scales appear on the surface of weld. Insufficient penetration appears on the back of weld. More lathy ferrite is formed in the lower layer of weld. When the voltage is lower and higher, the strength and plasticity of welded joint are reduced.

Taking the addition amount of peony dew, the inoculation amount of starter and the addition amount of granulated sugar as single factor indexes, and the acidity, pH, water holding capacity, texture characteristics and sensory score of peony dew yogurt as evaluation indexes. The fermentation formula of peony dew yogurt was optimized by response surface analysis, and the microbial index, physical and chemical index and antioxidant activity of the product were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum fermentation formula of Peony flower yogurt was peony flower dew 4.0%, starter inoculum 0.2%, granulated sugar 7%. Under the optimized process conditions, the sensory score of peony yogurt was 96, which was close to the predicted value (96.242 points). The hardness, elasticity, viscosity, cohesion and viscosity of peony dew yoghurt were 3.892 N, 0.9985 mm, 3.275 N, 0.851 and 1.43 mJ, respectively, and the indexes were better than those of peony dew yoghurt. The water holding capacity of peony dew yoghurt was 81.5%, pH was 4.23, protein content was 3.01 g/100 g, fat content was 2.88 g/100 g, acidity was 78.85°T, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was 1.5×108 CFU/mL, Escherichia coli was not detected, and the test results met the national food safety standards. The scavenging rates of DPPH and hydroxyl radical of peony dew yoghurt (When the mass concentration was 25 mg/mL) were 63.2% and 59.5%, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was significantly better than that of original yoghurt. Peony juice yogurt has better quality and strong antioxidant activity.

The presence of iron and aluminum in the red mud affect the leaching and extraction of scandium and rare earths. Through the analysis and testing of the Bayer process red mud, a technical plan for the reduction and sintering to recover aluminum and iron was designed, and the process of the molten deep reduction and sintering to extract aluminum and iron from the red mud was systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the grade of iron concentrate is 73.97%, the recovery rate is 90.27%, and the dissolution rate of aluminum is 96.28%, the aluminosilicate mineral is converted into sodium aluminate, and the sodium aluminate solution is obtained by alkali leaching, which can be used to prepare polyaluminum chloride products in the subsequent. The iron-containing complex minerals in the red mud are transformed into magnetic magnetite and elemental iron, and the iron-containing minerals are recovered by magnetic separation to realize the coordinated recovery of iron and aluminum in the red mud. The process not only weakens the adverse effect of aluminum and iron ore on the subsequent extraction of scandium, titanium and rare earth by acid leaching, but also enriches titanium, scandium and rare earth in the tailings, which is conducive to the realization of multi-element comprehensive utilization of red mud.

In order to investigate the pathogenic microbial pollution of ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables in Tianjin, 654 batches of samples of six kinds of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables, such as lettuce, tomato, cucumber, chrysanthemum, peach and pear, were taken from the production and circulation links from 2015 to 2019. The total number of colonies, coliform, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, the pollution status of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were analyzed. The results showed that 135 batches of foodborne pathogens were detected in 654 batches of samples, with a detection rate of 20.6%, including Salmonella 1, Staphylococcus aureus 6, Bacillus cereus 128, and no other pathogens were detected. The samples with high detection rate of foodborne pathogens mostly appeared in supermarkets and farmers’ markets, which indicated that the contamination of foodborne pathogens in fruits and vegetables was easy to occur in the post harveststage. Foodborne pathogen contamination in ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables is a potential safety hazard to consumers' health. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of postharvest circulation links, ensure the food safety of ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables and prevent the outbreak of foodborne diseases.

In recent years, edible and medicinal mushroom have been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad for their unique biological activities. As one of the most potential mushrooms, Oudemansiella is high in protein, and low in fat and fiber, which has high value in food and medicine. Many studies have shown that the Oudemansiella polysaccharides have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifungal, regulate intestinal flora and so on. This paper reviews the extraction method, chemical structure and biological activities of Oudemansiella polysaccharides in recent years to provide references for the further development and utilization of Oudemansiella edible mushroom.

This study explored the effect of six different cooking methods (steaming, roasting, microwave, combined mode, inductor cooker steaming and inductor cooker) on the retention and absorption of vitamin C and nitrate of broccoli during in-vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, in search of healthy cooking technology which was easy to digestion and absorption. The results showed that the cooking time of the induction cooker (1~3 min) was the shortest while the one for roasting (6~11 min) was the longest in achieving the same maturity of broccoli. In addition, the samples treated with microwave or steaming had the highest retention and digestion of vitamin C, and the samples of roasted, combined mode or induction cooker steaming displayed the highest retention and absorption rate of nitrate. Therefore, inductor cooker steaming mode (P5 and P9) was considered the most suitable method in cooking broccoli to obtain the most appropriate digestion and absorption of vitamin C and nitrate.

In order to study the microstructure evolution of the formed parts in the axial vibration cold extrusion process， the microstructure evolution process of the blank in the axial cold extrusion process is simulated by using the cellular automata method. It is found that the average grain size of internal spline processed by cold extrusion with auxiliary vibration is significantly smaller than that without auxiliary vibration. The effects of vibration frequency，vibration amplitude and extrusion speed on the microstructure of the formed parts are analyzed by orthogonal test. The results of variance analysis show that the vibration amplitude has the most significant influence on the average grain size at the tooth root，and the most significant influence on the grain size at the pitch circle and the top of the tooth is the vibration frequency and extrusion speed， the vibration frequency has the most significant influence on the average grain uniformity at the root and pitch circle of the formed part， and the extrusion speed has the most significant influence on the grain uniformity of the tooth top. The mechanism of the effect of auxiliary vibration parameters on grain refinement is summarized.

Based on the differences in production mode and operation process between gas storage and gas reservoir, we established a phase balance test procedure and a theoretical simulation model of phase balance during multi-cycles of injection and production of underground gas storage (UGS) rebuilt from condensate gas reservoir to study the phase characteristics of produced and remaining fluids during multi-cycles of injection and production. Take condensate reservoir gas storage as example, the composition of produced fluid and remaining fluid, phase state of remaining fluid, retrograde condensate saturation and condensate recovery degree in the process of multi-cycles of injection-production were studied through multi-cycle injection-production experiment and phase equilibrium theory simulation. The injected gas could greatly improve the recovery of condensate oil in the gas reservoir, and the condensate oil recovery increased by 42% after 5 cycles of injection and production; the injected gas had significant evaporative and extraction effects on the condensate, especially during the first two cycles; the condensate oil saturation of the formation decreased with the increase of injection-production cycles, and the condensate oil saturation after multi-cycles of injection-production was almost 0; the storage capacity increased by about 7.5% after multi-cycles of injection and production, and the cumulative gas injection volume in the 5th cycle increased by about 25% compared with that in the 1st cycle.

In order to study the effect of temperature on the permeability of anthracite coal cracks, Jincheng anthracite coal was used as the research object, and the pyrolysis CT scan of Jincheng anthracite coal under different temperatures was performed by using the μCT225 kVFCB scanning system. On the basis of AVIZO three-dimensional visualization reconstruction technology, the internal cracks of coal samples were extracted. The single crack was analyzed separately, the main crack surface of the crack was constructed, and the effects of thermal cracking and pyrolysis on the development of crack at different temperatures were compared and analyzed. The research results show that: at 200 ℃ micro-cracks develop into cracks with a length of L>1 000 μm. Under different temperatures, they affect the development of the cracks. Low temperature mainly affects the individual cracks 2, and a cracking phenomenon occurs with increasing temperature. Under the action of high temperature, cracking goes through the cracks 1 and 3 to expand and develop, meanwhile the formation and penetration of secondary cracks occurs. At different temperatures and according to the length L, there are three main types of internal cracks in Jincheng anthracite, which are 1 μm

Immunotherapy is one of the main strategies of anti-tumor therapy at present, in which immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the most widely used drug. ICIs resistance is mediated by a variety of cytokines and immune cells, and the mechanism is complex, which is the main reason for the failure of immunotherapy in cancer patients. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), as a class of epigenetic regulatory drugs, plays an important role in regulating cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and activity. In recent years, Studies have found that HDACi can not only regulate cell biological characteristics, but also closely related to the improvement of tumor ICIs drug resistance. Therefore, the study on how HDACi enhances the efficacy of ICIs is of great significance to tumor immunotherapy. This article will review the research progress of HDACi combined with ICIs in treating malignant tumors and their related mechanism.

Using conventional observation data,auto-weather station data,NCEP/FNL (1°×1°) reanalysis data,comparative analysis on the water vapor condition,instability and dynamic condition has been carried out for two extreme blizzard events happened in north slope of Tian-Shan Mountain. Results indicate the following. (1) 500 hPa high-level trough,700 hPa short wave trough and 850 hPa shear line are the common systems associated with the two extreme blizzard events. (2) In both events,there were southwest jet and -36℃ cold center on 500 hPa,and northwest jet on 700 hPa and 850 hPa. High water vapor flux and water vapor flux divergence throughout all layers provide good water vapor condition. (3) Wind field convergence and strong updraft produced by Tianshan Mountain topographic uplift give the bliz-zard events strong dynamic condition. (4) In both two events,there were southeast wind controling the upper levels over Urumqi. The inver-sion layer is favorable to accumulating unstable energy. But the different circulation situation,water vapor distribution,and energy aggrega-tion cause different snowfall thickness and urban impact.

To improve the simulation precision and speed of long-distance pipelines, the simulation model of hydraulic transient flow in long-distance liquid pipelines was established based on the basic principle of MacCormack format and flow equation.Take one pipeline as an example, in which the transient flow caused by valve closing and flow increasing was simulated by the simulation algorithm and the characteristic method respectively.The processing method for different boundary conditions in MacCormack format and the influence of Courant constant on the simulation results were discussed.The results show that, the MacCormack format can be used to accurately simulate the transient flow process of long-distance pipelines and, after the characteristic method was used to solve the estimated layer boundary parameters, its oscillation amplitude and convergence rate are better than that obtained by the characteristic simulation method.Moreover, the boundary condition of MacCormack format processed by characteristic method is conducive to converge than by linear extrapolation method.The research results can provide reference for transient flow simulation of long-distance pipelines.

Based on formation testing data of more than 40 wells with industrial oil flow, systematic observation of 1 010.26 m long cores taken from 4 wells and test data of over 10 000 core samples combining with drilling and pilot fracturing data of multiple wells, the geological characteristics of the upper submember of the Sha 4 Member to the lower submember of the Sha 3 Member of Paleogene (Es4s-Es3x) in the Jiyang Depression were investigated to find out factors controlling the enrichment of shale oil and the accumulation model of shale oil, and a comprehensive evaluation method for shale oil sweet spots was established. It is found through the study that the target shale layer is characterized by strong heterogeneity, weak diagenesis, low thermal evolution and high content of clay and carbonate minerals. Shale lithofacies, microcrack, thin interlayer and abnormal pressure are the main factors affecting enrichment and stable production of shale oil, the organic rich laminar shale has the best storage and oil-bearing capacity, microcrack network system improve the storage capacity and permeability of the shale, the thin interlayer is the main flow channel for stable shale oil production, and the abnormal high pressure layer is rich in free state shale oil and high in oil content. The shale oil layers in the target section were divided into three types: matrix, interlayer and fracture ones. According to the occurrence state and exploration practice of shale oil at home and abroad, it is concluded that the interlayer shale oil is the most profitable type at present. The selection parameters for the different types of shale oil were determined, and accordingly the favorable areas were pointed out by comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors. Vertical wells in the interlayer shale oil reservoir, such as Fan 159, Fan 143 and GX 26, were stimulated by volume fracturing and high conductivity channel fracturing jointly. After fracturing, they had a daily oil production of over 6 t, up to 44 t, and stable productivity. Shale oil is expected to become an important replacement energy resource in the Jiyang Depression. Key words: shale oil, enrichment elements, enrichment model, shale oil sweet spot, lithofacies, microcrack, thin interlayer, abnormal pressure, Jiyang Depression

Recently, studies showed that neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) are the fiber network structures formed by the materials released by neutrophils under various appropriate stimulation. NETs have been indicated to trap and kill microorganisms, playing a critical role in immune responses. It was pointed out that NETs can not only be involved in inflammation and thrombosis, but also is intimately related to tumor metastasis. Therefore, the study of NETs in tumor metastasis is of great significance for tumor therapy and the progress of NETs in tumor metastasis and the relevant mechanisms is summarized.

At present， the design and manufacture of the domestic spline cold roll forming machine are mainly based on the experimental data， and theoretical studies are still insufficient. Taking the vertical spline cold roll forming machine for example， the design and analysis methods are studied. Based on the calculation of the forming force， the overall layout and machine tool body structure of vertical spline cold roll forming machine are given. According to the forming force data obtained by simulation as well as the working conditions and force analysis for the sliding table and screw， the key parts of the transmission system are designed. The static and dynamic characteristics of the machine tool are also analyzed by strength and modal analysis for the vertical spline cold roll forming machine.

The IEC60870-5-101 protocol is mainly used for transmitting messages between the primary station and the substation of the power SCADA data monitoring and acquisition system.Since the message mainly adopts “frame check and sum” to ensure communication security,there is a common security risk among the intermediate personnel.In order to verify the communication problems of the 101 protocol,the communication system between the FTU and the main station of the feeder terminal was constructed,which collected the telemetry signal of the FTU mobile IoT card on the cloud server,and used the man-in-the-middle attack mode to use the ARP to intercept the communication data packet.To analyze the telemetry information in the data packet,try data tampering and successfully make the monitoring data not updated in time.Finally,an enhancement mechanism against external attacks was proposed.

Ukrainian electric power system suffered BlackEnergy virus attacks in December 2015, resulting in blackout accident occurred simultaneously at multiple areas in Ivano-Frankovsk region, the malware also pose a threat to the electric power system security in China. Based on different versions of samples of BlackEnergy acquired, the attack mode was analyzed and the prevention of the virus was provided under the proper analysis environment.

Background and objective Radiotherapy is an important treatment for lung cancer. The poor prognosis of lung cancer is largely caused by the high recurrence rate and metastasis of the tumor. Autophagy, which can be induced by radiotherapy, might be associated with DNA repair. The aim of this study is to investigate whether activating autophagy using rapamycin can enhance the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and clarify the association of autophagy with DNA repair. Methods The human adenocarcinoma A549 cell line was selected as the experimental subject. The specimens were divided into three groups: control (N), radiation (R), and Rapamycin and radiation (R+RAPA). The protein levels of γ-H2AX, Rad51, Ku70/Ku80, p62, and LC3 were determined by Western blot. Autophagosome was observed under a transmission electron microscope, and SF was determined by colony formation assay. Results Compared with group R, the activity of autophagy and the protein expression levels of Rad51 and Ku70/80 were remarkably increased in group R+RAPA. Conclusion The radiosensitivity of lung cancer can be promoted by activating autophagy via treatment with Rapamycin, and the process may be associated with DNA repair.

By using microscope, argon ion polishing technology, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy, and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation, reservoir properties, oiliness and shale oil mobility of different mud shale lithofacies were examined with the mud shale in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin as the example. The relationship between lithofacies type and shale oil enrichment was analyzed. Based on the rock composition, sedimentary structures and abundance of organic matter, a mud shale lithofacies classification standard for the upper submember of the 4th Member to the lower submember of the 3rd Member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es4s-Es3x) was established. Six lithofacies are developed in the target formation, in which the laminar organic-rich lithofacies formed in the alternating mechanical transportation deposition and chemical deposition, not only has the highest TOC, S1, oil saturation, movable oil saturation, content of low-carbon light components and oil generation and expulsion rate, but also has various types of reservoir space, abundant pores, and organic network system and interlayer micro-fracture system which can serve as high-speed channels for shale oil and gas migration, so this lithofacies is favorable for shale oil enrichment. Key words: mud shale, shale oil, lithofacies, oiliness, reservoir properties, organic network, microcracks, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the geologic background and reservoir characteristics, the characteristics and controlling factors of gas and water distribution of the carbonate reservoir in the 5th member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Northwest Ordos Basin have been examined from macro and micro aspects using data of structure, deposition, diagenesis, paleotopography, physical property, mercury injection, well logs and core observation. The 5th member of Majiagou Formation in the study area shows very complex gas and water distribution pattern: the gas layer is distributed uniformly across the whole area in 2D horizontal map, while the water layer is scattered and concentrates in small area, appearing in discontinuous distribution; there is no gas and water interbeds in vertical direction, making it difficult to develop the gas reservoir efficiently. The gas and water distribution is controlled by paleogeomorphology and diagenesis macroscopically, and is controlled by pore-throat structure, connectivity and the transportation relation between source rock and reservoir microscopically. The gas largely concentrates in and around the ancient grooves and low hill regions in the paleokast slope where the reservoirs have good physical properties and good pore – throat connectivity, and there is no bauxite between source rock and reservoir, making it easy for gas to charge and accumulate. Key words: carbonate gas reservoir, gas and water distribution, paleogeomorphology, diagenesis, pore structure, transportation relation, Ordos Basin, Ordovician Majiagou Formation

With the rapid development of the computer technology, there are more and more data in the society. In order to acquire knowledge from the large amounts of data, collecting and data mining is necessary. However, the privacy information will inevitably be disclosed during the process. So it is particularly important to improve the security of data and protect the useful data to avoid being disclosed. Several methods of data privacy preserving technology were analyzed when data was processed and briefly discussed the international standards which were made by JTC1 about privacy protection. According to its different application fields, the possible future research di-rections was proposed. Certain reference foundation could be provided for people who were in the field of informa-tion security.

Background The "secondary brain insult" including ischemia, hypoxia and edema after primary traumatic brain injury (TBI) may deteriorate the brain damages and greatly influence the prognosis. As a selective vulnerable region, the hippocampus is especially sensitive to ischemia, hypoxia or edema and yields irreversible sequelae. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) has been reported to be related to cerebral edema, but the expression and role of AQP1 in hippocampal edema after TBI have seldomly been investigated. In this study, we established BALB/c mouse closed craniocerebral injury models and investigated the changes of AQP1 expression in hippocampus of mouse models after TBI, thereby discussing its effects on relevant pathophysiological processes. Methods Seventy-five BALB/c mice were used to establish experimental closed TBI models with a free-falling weight drop device, and the equal numbers of mice were subject to sham operation and categorized as sham group. The neurological function of each mouse in either TBI group or sham group was scored at different time points (1, 6, 24 and 72 h) after TBI or sham operation, and brain edema formation of the mice in both groups was also evaluated accordingly at 6, 24 and 72 h. The apoptotic hippocampal cells were stained in situ and detected using TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method at different time points (6, 24 and 72 h), then AQP1 expression in hippocampus was also correspondingly detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. All the data were finally compared with those in sham operation group and analyzed. Results Experimental TBI models were successfully established and confirmed by the neurological function score and hippocampal edema evaluation. Six hours after craniocerebral injury, the apoptotic cells increased significantly in the hippocampus of mice in TBI group compared with those in sham group [(44.26 ± 15.18)% vs (8.61 ± 8.25)% , t = - 9.676, P = 0.002]. The apoptotic rate increased gradually with the prolonging of time and was highest at 72 h [(61.62 ± 26.55)% vs (10.17 ± 6.08)%; t = - 5.018, P = 0.015]. Determined at different time points by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays, the AQP1 expression in mouse hippocampus was constantly higher in TBI group than in sham group (P < 0.05), and reached the peak at 24 h (0.69 ± 0.32 vs 0.15 ± 0.07, t = - 4.335, P = 0.023 and 0.46 ± 0.19 vs 0.14 ± 0.04, t = - 4.113, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions The up-regulation of AQP1 in mouse hippocampus after TBI perhaps participates in edema formation and delayed apoptosis of hippocampus, and AQP1 may be a new therapeutic target to protect hippocampus from secondary injury after TBI. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.03.016

Oils and fats are an important source of energy for animals and a good carrier of fat-soluble nutrients, which can participate in various life activities of the body and are widely used in animal production. With the improvement of the scale of aquaculture, many kinds of oils and fats have been used in animal diets to improve production efficiency of aquaculture. The paper reviews the research progress on the application of dietary fat in the laying poultry industry, introduces the characteristics of digestion and absorption of oils and fats in laying poultry and the nutritional effect of oils and fats on laying poultry, discusses the effects of feeding with different kinds and levels of oils and fats on laying performance, egg quality, nutrients in eggs and health of laying poultry, in order to provide reference for the efficient application of oils and fats in laying poultry feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain an efficient C. sikamea triploid induction scheme, we compared 6-DMAP, low salinity and high salinity on C. sikamea triploid induction in terms of cleavage rate, hatching rate and triploid rate. The effects of different concentrations (salinity), initial induction times and induction duration were also studied. At the same time, the growth, survival rate and triploid rate of larvae obtained by the three methods were compared. In the 6-DMAP induction group, the triploid rate and induction efficiency reached 37.97%--58.01% and 34.30%--42.50%, respectively; during the cultivation period, the average survival rate of larvae was 27.19%, the growth rate was 13.03 μm/d, and the triploid rate reduced by 24.94%. In the low-salt induction group, the triploid rate and induction efficiency reached 7.32%--42.25% and 2.17%--31.41%, respectively; during the cultivation period, the average survival rate of larvae was 33.92%, the growth rate was 12.71 μm/d, and the triploid rate reduced 20.64%. In the high-salt induction group, the triploid rate and induction efficiency reached 7.47%--63.03% and 6.58%--49.41%, respectively; during the cultivation period, the average survival rate of larvae was 31.66%, the growth rate was 13.08 μm/d, and the triploid rate was reduced by 17.64%. In general, high salinity induction is the best triploid induction method for C. sikamea, and the optimal induction condition was induced for 20min start at 15min post fertilization using 55 salinity water. This study provides technical support for C. sikamea triploid induction and has important theoretical guiding significance for polyploid breeding of C. sikamea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lossless data compression systems are prone to transmission errors, and the effect of bit errors presents a spreading trend as the decoding progresses, which limits its applicability in the areas such as noisy wireless channels and file systems that may be damaged. Lossless data compression algorithm LZW can be widely used in file formats such as GIF, PDF, and TIFF. In this paper, the redundancy of the LZW compressed data was used to propose a design scheme of the error repair algorithm, and present the relevant theoretical basis. This scheme was arranged to be compatible with the standard LZW algorithm, meaning that the files compressed by the proposed scheme could still be decompressed by the standard LZW decoder. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two methods of coagulation and adsorption were used to pretreat a simulated micro-polluted ground water to study the relationship between ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and pollution levels of different water samples and analyze the effect of particles characteristics on flux decline. The experimental results indicate that powdered activated carbon could reduce the concentration of organics effectively, but the effect of wiping out turbidity is not obvious. Coagulation could reduce the turbidity of water effectively although it has low efficiency on organics removal. The coagulation pretreatment could improve the flux of raw water, but the adsorption has no influence on flux. The correlation fitting results of fouling index of turbidity and dissolved organic matter (DOC) show that fouling index of UF has an obvious correlation with turbidity, but no obvious correlation could be found with DOC concentration. The turbidity-causing pollutants are the major foulant under experimental condition. The colloidal and particles sized between 0.01 µm and 1.2 µm are the main pollutant which lead to flux decline, meanwhile, it is cumulatively on fouling index for turbidity-causing pollutants during UF process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel algorithm is proposed to segment the tumor region of human liver CT image. Firstly, the region of interest (ROD is segmented using the dynamic adaptive region growing method. Then the wormhole of the ROI is filled by morphological filtering to get the tumor region. Groups of CT images are used to test the efficiency of our algorithm. The experiments show that the algorithm is very useful for segmenting the tumor region of liver CT images. It is extremely important for calculating tumor volume and clinical treatment of the liver tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]