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Pain not only affects the physical and mental health of individuals, but also imposes a huge burden on society as a whole. Traditional pain management measures are diverse, but each has its limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new tools. Digital therapies are booming, and virtual reality (VR) has been widely used, especially in the field of pain management. VR uses assistive tools, such as headsets, to build a three-dimensional virtual world with the participation of multiple senses, including vision, hearing, and smell, so that it can make user feel being there. This review aims to summarize the application and mechanism of VR in the field of pain management, with the hope of making VR a new choice for pain management.

The study of catalytic reaction mechanism is a critical and extremely challenging project. Online monitoring of reactants, intermediates and products during catalytic reactions can provide key evidence for the in-depth study of complex catalytic reaction networks, reaction pathways and reaction kinetics. As an online mass spectrometry based on soft ionization technique, vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (VUV-PIMS) has proven itself as a versatile and powerful analytical technique for online and real-time process monitoring, which has gradually become a highly concerned characterization technique for catalytic reaction processes due to its advantages of high molecular ion yield, simple spectrum interpretation and high sensitivity. Compared with other commonly used synchrotron radiation and laser-based VUV light sources, the low pressure discharge lamps filled with various rare gases are compact, easy to operate, and low cost, such as krypton discharge lamps. However, the relatively low photon intensity of these lamps limits their applications. The efforts have been taken to develop stronger VUV light sources or lamp-based efficient combined ion sources to solve this issue. In this paper, the development of VUV-PIMS technology, especially the research progress of photoionization ion sources based on the VUV lamp, were reviewed, such as high-pressure photoionization (HPPI) source, single photon ionization-photoelectron ionization (SPI-PEI) combined ion source, and single photon ionization-chemical ionization (SPI-CI) combined ion source. By combining capillary sampling technology or molecular beam sampling technology, the applications of VUV-PIMS for real-time and online monitoring of stable products and active intermediates in catalytic processes were introduced, such as ammonia synthesis, methane/ethane catalytic conversion, methanol to olefins. The applications in online monitoring of these catalytic reaction processes exhibited an excellent performance and wide potential applications of VUV-PIMS in process monitoring and reaction mechanism research. Finally, the future development trend of VUV-PIMS was prospected for the application requirements of accurate characterization of catalytic reaction process.

Traditional object detection algorithms require manual feature extraction when recognizing abnormal behavior of miners queuing, resulting in long detection time and low detection precision. The object detection algorithm based on convolutional neural networks has improved detection speed and precision. But its detection performance is difficult to guarantee in scenarios of obstruction, dimness, and uneven illumination. In order to solve the above problems, an improved YOLOv5s (HPI YOLOv5s) model is proposed. It is used for miner queue detection. The HPI-YOLOv5s model improves the path aggregation network (PANet) on the basis of the YOLOv5s model. By deleting a single input edge node and adding bidirectional crossing paths, a bidirectional cross feature pyramid network (BCrFPN) is constructed for multi-scale feature fusion. Considering the low robustness of label allocation strategies with manually set thresholds, a dynamic label allocation strategy (ATSS-PLUS) is proposed based on adaptive training sample selection (ATSS) to dynamically set thresholds. It can reasonably evaluate the quality of candidate samples and dynamically set thresholds for each real object, resulting in higher detection precision and robustness. The method calculates the intersection area between the face frame and the designated queue area using the half plane intersection method. The method compares the ratio of the intersection area to the face frame area with the set threshold to determine whether the miners are queuing in an orderly manner. The experimental results show that the HPI-YOLOv5s model has an accuracy improvement of 1.9%, a weight reduction of 32%, a parameter reduction of 6.9%, and a detection speed improvement of 7.8% compared to the YOLOv5s model. Moreover, it can more accurately recognize the queuing situation of miners in obstruction, dimness, and uneven illumination mine images.

Fissile material dissolved in the molten salt is employed in molten salt reactor(MSR), which circulates through the primary loop. Considering the flow characteristic of fuel in MSR, the neutron poison calculation model such as Xe is different from traditional solid reactor. As an important neutron poison, 135Xe is free to migrate with the flow of molten salt in MSR. The helium bubble system of molten salt reactor can blow the fission products of krypton, xenon and other gases out of the reactor core to improve the neutron economy. The recent TENDL2021 nuclear data library estimates the thermal neutron absorption cross section of 135Xem, which is much higher than 135Xe thermal neutron absorption cross section. In order to predict the effect of xenon on core reactivity more accurately, the effect of 135Xem thermal neutron absorption cross section was added into the Xe poison model based on the lumped volume method. The migration model is made up of cover gas calculation model and xenon worth calculation model. In order to calculate the xenon worth, the loop void fraction was calculated firstly, and the loop void fraction was inserted into the xenon worth calculation model. According to the rate balance equations and mass transfer equations, the concentration of xenon in loop could be calculated to compute the xenon worth. Firstly, the model results considering the flow effect of fuel salt were verified with the experimental results of 8 MW molten salt reactor experiment (MSRE). As the results shown, with the increase of loop void fraction, the steadystate xenon worth increases first and decreases later, which is in good agreement with experimental results of MSRE. Then the influence of fuel salt types and 135Xem on steadystate xenon worth was considered in this paper. The steadystate xenon worth of the 233U system with and without 135Xem is made and compared to a 235U system, indicating that the influence of 135Xem on xenon worth cannot be ignored, which is much higher with the increase of power. Finally, the contribution of graphite, fuel salt and helium bubble to Xe worth was evaluated by the interaction between graphite and helium bubble, indicating that the interaction between helium bubble and graphite cannot be ignored.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-760 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells through targeted regulation of basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor 3 (BATF3). Methods The cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of ESCC patients were collected, and normal human esophageal squamous epithelial cells Het-1A and human ESCC cell lines EC9706, KYSE150, ECA109, TE-10 were cultured in vitro. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-760 and BATF3 mRNA. miR-760-mimics were transfected into TE-10 cells for up-regulating the expression of miR-760. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation and Transwell chamber was used to detect cell invasion as well as migration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proliferation-related proteins cyclin D1, p21 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins MMP2, vimentin, and E-cadherin. Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-760 and BATF3. Results Compared with the adjacent tissues and Het-1A cell, the expression of miR-760 was significantly reduced in ESCC tissues and in cell lines, while the expression of BATF3 increased (P＜0.05). The TE-10 cells with the highest expression of miR-760 were selected for subsequent experiments. Over-expression of miR-760 reduced the activity of TE-10 cells and the counting numbers of invasion and migration cells(P＜0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 and vimentin proteins increased the expression of p21 and E-cadherin proteins (P＜0.05). The results showed that miR-760 negatively regulated the expression of BATF3 (P＜0.05). Up-regulation of BATF3 expression reversed the inhibitory effects by over-expression of miR-760 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of TE-10 cells(P＜0.05). Conclusions Over-expression of miR-760 may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of ESCC cells, which may be related to the targeted inhibition of BATF3 expression.

Objective To explore the transcriptomic changes of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (ACGEJ) and identify key genes in the occurrence and progression. Methods RNA sequencing data of ACGEJ tumors and adjacent normal tissues samples from 58 patients who were recruited at the Linzhou Cancer Hospital and Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital. The gene expression level of paired ACGEJ and adjacent normal tissue samples were compared to identify dysregulated genes. And the enriched pathways of these genes were analyzed by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). LASSO regression model was used to test the association between the expression of dysregulated genes and the prognosis of ACGEJ patients, and the clinical features and prognosis associated gene set were applied to establish the nomogram model. Results Through transcriptomic profiling of tumor and non-tumor ACGEJ samples, 737 significantly differentially expression genes (DEGs) in ACGEJ were identified(｜log2FC｜＞1.2, Q＜0.05). The DEGs were related to tumor proliferation, growth, metastasis and metabolism. Among these DEGs, a total of 9 genes (ASF1B,ACTN1,KNL1,SAPCD2,TP53I11,DMBT1,CNFN,ID2,DPT) were identified to associate with the prognosis of ACGEJ patients by LASSO regression model. These 9 genes were further selected to build a prognostic model. The patients could be divided into two groups by this prognostic model, and the overall survival (OS) of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group (P＜0.01). A nomogram was established which included the age, clinical stage and prognosis associated gene set for eventual clinical translation. Conclusions Several genes associated with the occurrence and progression of ACGEJ are identified. These genes may be potential treatment targets and prognostic biomarkers of this disease.

Objective To explore the mutual predictive relationship between mobile social media Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and Mobile Phone Addiction (MPA) among vocational college students, to provide scientific reference for the prevention and education of college students' mobile phone addiction behavior. Methods With the use of cluster random sampling, 1 000 col-lege students from a vocational college in Shenzhen were investigated by mobile social media FoMO scale and MPA scale in September 2021 (Tl) and December 2021 (T2). The data were analyzed by cross-lag regression analysis. Results There was a significant positive correlation including the synchronous correlation and the consecutive correlation between mobile social media FoMO and MPA (P<0.05). Mobile social media FoMO Tl positively predicted MPA T2 (β=0.25, P<0.001), whereas MPA Tl did not predict mobile social media FoMO T2 (β=-0.01, P=0.76). Three dimensions of mobile social media FoMO could predict MPA synchronously (P<0.05) and behavioral performance Tl could predict MPA T2 consecutively (P<0.05). Two dimensions of MPA, loss of control and avoidance, could predict mobile social media FoMO synchronously (P<0.05), and avoidance Tl could predict mobile social media FoMO T2 consecutively (P<0.05). Conclusion Vocational college students with higher FoMO are more likely to have MPA. There is a one-way predictive relationship between mobile social media FoMO and MPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the manufacturing methods of high performance gradient functional materials, laser additive manufacturing technology can achieve the materials with gradient microstructure and property through precisely controlling the powder feeding and corresponding process adjustment, providing a new way to prepare high performance gradient functional materials more conveniently and efficiently. The basic principles and classification of laser additive manufacturing technology for high performance gradient functional materials were introduced in this paper, and the research progress in manufacturing high performance gradient functional materials by laser additive manufacturing technology at home and abroad was summarized. Furthermore, the shortcomings of this research field in material selection, process optimization and process monitoring were proposed, and its future research directions, such as the establishment of standard systems, in-depth theoretical research and the development of new manufacturing systems, were prospected, which provide guidance for the research of laser additive manufacturing technology for high performance gradient functional materials.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on angiogenesis and neurofunction recovery of mice with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods Mice were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham group), traumatic brain injury group (TBI group, severe TBI model made by controlled cortical impact) and rhEPO treatment group (EPO group, rhEPO intraperitoneal injected at 5 000 IU/(kg·d) for 7 days after the trauma). Each group included 15 mice. Neurological scores were performed at 3, 7, and 14 d using modified neurological severity score(mNSS). Fourteen days after injury, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression of eNOS, VEGF and CD31 around ipsilateral cerebral cortex, and the microvessel density (MVD) was detected by CD31+ cells. The lesion volume was measured at 21 d after injury using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained specimens. Results 3,7 and 14 d after TBI, mNSS of TBI group was signifi- cantly higher than that of sham group (P＜0.001). 7 and 14 d after TBI, mNSS of EPO group was lower than those of TBI group (P＜0.05). Fourteen days after TBI, the protein expression of eNOS, VEGF and CD31 was higher in TBI group than those of sham group, and the EPO group was higher than those of TBI group. (P＜0.05). 14 d after TBI, the MVD of TBI group was significantly lower than sham group(P＜0.001), and the MVD of EPO group was significantly higher than TBI group(P＜0.001). Twenty one days after injury, the volume of EPO group was reduced compared with TBI group (8.90±1.79) (P＜0.05). Conclusions rhEPO promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological function after TBI of mice.

In order to study the band gap performance of structural color films under different conditions, Monodisperse submicron silica microspheres with different particle sizes were prepared by the modified Stöber method, and a photonic crystal structure color film with silica as a structural element was prepared on the surface of the glass by vertical deposition self-assembly. The morphology and optical properties of microspheres and films were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results show that during the synthesis process, with the increase of the reaction temperature, the particle size of silica microspheres gradually reduces; with the increase of the diameter of SiO2 microspheres, the corresponding photonic band gap of photonic crystals occurs red shifting. It is found through further study that as the angle between the incident light and the normal line of color film increases, the center wavelength corresponding to the photonic band gap becomes shorter, then blue shifting occurs.

Aiming at the demand of high spectrum efficiency and low bit error rate of Wireless Optical Communication (WOC) technology, a joint modulation method of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is proposed. The method makes full use of wireless communication bandwidth resources, which can improve transmission rate compared with traditional modulation technology. The system maps different amplitude pulses to specific lasers using Space Mapping(SM), and realizes multi-link layered transmission mapping relation. Being different from the traditional single-modulation methods, the joint modulation method uses the amplitude of the pulse and the change of the time slot position to transmit information through the coordination of the coding mechanism. The time slot position and amplitude information of each data pulse are sent and detected at the same time, using the joint modulation layered transmission technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only improves both spectral efficiency and transmission rate, but also improves the error performance. The experimental results provide a new technical method for the subsequent application research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective * To establish the reference intervals of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in healthy women of childbearing age in different age groups in Shanghai. Methods * A total of 239 healthy women of childbearing age, who accepted staff physical examination in International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, during July 2019, were enrolled and detected for serum AMH level using chemiluminescence immunoassay. After the outlier exclusion, 234 subjects were finally included and divided into six age groups. The reference intervals of serum AMH in healthy women of childbearing age in different age groups in Shanghai were established. The natural logarithm of serum AMH level and age were fitted by quadratic regression model. Results * The reference interval of serum AMH level was expressed as M(P5-P95), which were 4.76 (0.96-14.17) ng/mL in women aged 19-24 years, 6.03 (1.38-16.56) ng/mL in women aged 25-29 years, 4.30 (0.95-10.73) ng/mL in women aged 30-34 years, 2.40 (0.33-9.27) ng/mL in women aged 35-39 years, 1.04 (0.05-4.00) ng/mL in women aged 40-44 years, and 0.21 (0.01-3.04) ng/ mL in women aged 45-49 years. After logarithmic transformation, serum AMH level and age could well obey the quadratic regression model (R²=0.502). Conclusion * The reference intervals of serum AMH level established for the first time in healthy women of child-bearing age in Shanghai may provide the basis for the evaluation of ovarian reserve function of women of different ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the 3D fusion technique of DSA and MRI and its application value in making surgical plan and simulating operative process for anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm clipping. Methods From September 2016 to May 2019, aneurysm clipping was performed on 30 patients with unruptured ACoA aneurysm. Infusions of DSA and MRI before surgery with 3D-Slicer software were performed to reconstruct the brain tissue, optic nerve and internal carotid artery (ICA) model. Using 3D fusion model to make surgical plan and simulate operative process. Comparing 3D fusion model with golden standard, which refers to the surgeon's judgement during surgery, then calculated sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate and false positive rate of rectus gyrus resection, dominance of ACA A1 segment and artery adhesion to the aneurysm. Results 3D fusion of DSA and MRI in 30 patients with ACoA aneurysm were performed. Statistical analysis showed the sensitivity of rectus gyrus resection, the dominance of ACA A1 segment and artery adhesion to the aneurysm were 100% (23/23), 75% (21/28) and 81.82% (18/22), specificity were 42.86% (3/7), 100% (2/2) and 62.50% (5/8), false negative rate were 0 (0/ 23), 25% (7/28) and 18.18% (4/22), and false positive rate were 57.14% (4/7), 0 (0/2) and 37.50% (3/8). The consistency (κ value) were 0.535 (P = 0.001), 0.504 (P = 0.000) and 0.426 (P = 0.010). Conclusions Using 3D-Slicer software to realize 3D fusion of DSA and MRI is an image post-processing technology, which integrates brain tissues, optic nerve and ICA, has a high application value for preoperative plan and surgical training of ACoA aneurysm clipping for younger surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of predicting the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in assessment of intraplaque neovascularization using carotid contrast - enhanced ultrasound. Methods A total of 24 cases diagnosed as moderate to severe carotid stenosis by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) from September 2017 to October 2018. Preoperative carotid contrast - enhanced ultrasound and postoperative pathological examination were performed in the patients. Results Compared with postoperative pathological results, 22 cases were clearly diagnosed by preoperative carotid contrast - enhanced ultrasound, and 2 cases were missed. The precision rate of preoperative diagnosis was 91.67% (22/24). Meanwhile carotid plaques were divided into four grades (Grade I-IV) according to the degree of enhancing extent of contrast - enhanced ultrasound. Each grade included 6 cases (25%). Pearson correlation analysis showed there was an evidently positive correlation between preoperative grade of carotid plaques and number of intraplaque CD34 - positive neovessels (r = 0.871, P = 0.000). The value of area under the curve (AUC) was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.848-1.006, P = 0.000). Conclusions The grade of carotid plaques was positively related to intraplaque CD34 - positive neovessels. Hence, carotid contrast - enhanced ultrasound plays an important role in predicting the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques and risk of ischemic stroke and judging optimal surgical time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the serum homocysteine (Hcy) level and intima - media thickness (IMT) of patients with carotid artery stenosis and the relation between the two. Methods A total of 126 patients diagnosed as carotid artery stenosis and performed by carotid endarterectomy (CEA) from January 2012 to April 2018 were selected in this study. The extent of carotid artery stenosis was evaluated by carotid Doppler color ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Serum Hcy levels were measured in all patients and 100 healthy controls. Results The average concentration of serum Hcy [(16.47 ± 6.53) μ mol/L vs. (10.53 ± 3.39) μ mol/L; t = 8.828, P = 0.000], the incidence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia [61 cases (48.41%) vs. 6 cases (6%); χ² = 48.084, P = 0.000] and IMT of carotid artery [(1.33 ± 0.15) mm vs. (0.82 ± 0.11) mm; t = 28.462, P = 0.000] in carotid artery stenosis group were significantly higher than those in control group. According to the extent of carotid artery stenosis, the carotid artery stenosis group was further divided into moderate (N = 10) and severe (N = 116) carotid artery stenosis subgroups. The average concentration of serum Hcy in moderate stenosis group was significantly lower than that in severe stenosis group [(13.44 ± 2.83) μmol/L vs. (16.73 ± 6.69) μmol/L; t = -3.022, P = 0.007]. Nevertheless, the incidence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia [2 cases (2/10) vs. 59 cases (50.86%); adjusted χ² = 2.384, P = 0.123] had no significant difference between 2 subgroups. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentration of serum Hcy was positively related with IMT of carotid artery (r = 0.610, P = 0.032). Conclusions Patients with carotid artery stenosis present higher level of serum Hcy, which is positively associated with IMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) combined with electrophysiological monitoring in the resection of brain stem cavernous hemangioma (CM). Methods There were 39 patients with brain stem cavernous hemangioma. DTI was performed before and during the operation. Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) was used to track fiber and reconstruct pyramidal tract. Intraoperative neurobehavioral monitoring was used to detect the changes of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEP), motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP). Results Of all the 39 patients, there was no significant change of BAEP during the operation, 5 patients (12.82%) had abnormal SEP, 6 cases (15.38%) had abnormalities in MEP monitoring, 2 cases (5.13%) had reduced volumes of pyramidal tract proved by DTI. Intraoperative MRI confirmed 36 cases (92.31%) had complete removal of lesions, and 3 cases (7.69%) had subtotal resection. There were improvement of clinical symptoms in 29 cases (74.36%), no obvious changes in 4 cases (10.26%), postoperative facial paralysis in 3 cases (7.69%), worsened movement disorder in 2 cases (5.13%), death due to disorder of consciousness and pulmonary infection in one case (2.56%). Postoperative follow-up was 30 months in average. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) showed 27 cases (69.23%) of Grade 5, 7 cases (17.95%) of Grade 4, 4 cases (10.26%) of Grade 3, and one case (2.56%) of Grade 1. Conclusions Combined use of intraoperative DTI and electrophysiological monitoring can safely and effectively remove brain stem cavernous hemangioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of microsurgical resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods A total of 65 patients with cerebral AVMs were treated with microsurgical resections from April to August 2010 in our hospital. Of the 65 patients, 26 were male and 39 were female with age ranging from 4 to 72 years (average 42 years). Initial symptoms included cerebral hemorrhage in 32 cases, seizures in 10 cases, headache in 6 cases, neurological dysfunction in 14 cases, and the left 3 cases were diagnosed in health examination. According to Spetzler- Martin grades, there were 7 cases in Grade I, 20 in Grade II, 23 in Grade H, 10 in Grade IV and 5 in Grade V. The diameter of nidi ranged from 2 to 7 cm (on average of 3.50 cm). The lesions were located in the surface of cerebral cortex (31 cases) and deep brain (34 cases), including frontal lobe (19 cases), temporal lobe (12 cases), parietal lobe (16 cases), occipital lobe (9 cases), cerebellum (3 cases), basal ganglia (2 cases) and lateral cleft (4 cases). Feeding arteries included anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and its branches in 11 cases, middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 29 cases, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in 15 cases, both ACA and MCA in 2 cases, both ACA and PCA in 5 cases, and vertebral artery (VA) in 3 cases. There were superficial vein drainage in 29 cases, deep vein drainage in 15 cases, and both superficial and deep vein drainage in 21 cases. All of those patients underwent surgical resections, including simple excisions in 45 cases and excisions combined with evacuation of hematoma in 20 cases. Among all of those operations, 6 were performed through single-frontal approach, 3 orbitozygomatic approach, 2 transcortical approach, 8 frontalparietal approach, 10 pterional approach, 3 subtemporal approach, 4 temporal-parietal approach, 7 singleparietal approach, 7 interhemispheric approach, 8 parietal-occipital approach, 3 suboccipital approach, and 4 transcortical-transventricular approach. Results Among these patients, 4 cases (6.15%) had undergone prior endovascular embolization. Total resection was obtained in 60 cases (92.31%) and 5 cases (7.69%) took postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery. On discharge, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were 0 in 21 cases (32.31%), 1 in 23 cases (35.38%), 2 in 9 cases (13.85%), 3 in 7 cases (10.77%), 4 in 3 cases (4.62%) and 5 in 2 cases (3.08%). During the follow-up (12 months on average), 6 patients got good recovery, while 3 patients presented with limb weakness, one visual field defect, 2 aphasia, one underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) due to hydrocephalus, 2 newly occurred seizures, and 2 deaths (one died of respiratory failure after one year, and the other was agnogenic). Conclusions Microsurgical resection of AVMs is highly efficient and can be undertaken with low rates of mortality. Adequate patient selection and careful preoperative planning are essential to improve the prognosis of patients with complicated AV M lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Endovascular therapy is the first treatment choice for intracranial aneurysms currently, but it has a high recurrence rate. Some patients require surgical clipping because of the difficulty of re - embolization. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 11 cases who underwent clipping operation because of the recurrence after endovascular therapy. Combining with domestic and foreign related literatures, this paper discusses the principles and techniques of surgical treatment for recurrent aneurysms. Methods There were a total of 11 patients with 12 recurrent aneurysms after embolization, including 3 anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms, 3 middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, 2 posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms, one anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysm, one vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm, one basilar tip aneurysm and one superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysm. There were 7 small aneurysms and 4 large aneurysms. All patients underwent surgical clipping under microscope. After operation, 11 aneurysms were complete clipped, and one was proximally blocked. The coils were reserved in 7 aneurysms, and were removed or partially removed in 5 aneurysms. Results All patients were followed up for an average of 22 months after surgery. There were 9 cases (9/11) with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score improved or remaining unchanged compared with preoperation. One of them presented left limb weakness after operation, with the muscle strength Grade 3, while recovered to Grade 4-5 on discharge. The other 2 patients died after surgery. One case had a critical condition before surgery, and the other was secondary to thrombosis and pneumonia. Both of them had a GOS score of 2 when discharged, and died after discharge. Conclusions There is high surgical difficulty in recurrent aneurysms, however, with adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical design, it can still promise safe and effective results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis. Methods A total of 65 patients with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis were enrolled. There were 35 cases of left stenosis (53.85% ) and 30 cases of right stenosis (46.15%). According to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET), there were 17 cases of moderate stenosis (26.15%) and 48 cases of severe stenosis (73.85%). All of them underwent CEA, and the postoperative complications and prognosis were observed and assessed. Results CEA was successfully performed in 65 patients with a mean operation time of 90 min and a mean carotid blocking time of 30 min. There was no use of carotid patch and no intraoperative shunting. After CEA, the clinical symptoms of all patients were improved. Postoperative complications were as follows: one patient presented muscle weakness and numbness of contralateral extremities, and recovered after one - week symptomatic treatment; cranial nerve injury occurred in 2 cases: one recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and the other glossopharyngeal nerve injury, however, all injuries were transient and were cured 6 months after the operation; one case presented restenosis of ipsilateral carotid without clinical symptom and thus received conservative treatment; one case suffered from acute myocardial infarction 4 months after the operation, and recovered after symptomatic treatment; one case died without clear cause of death 9 months after the operation. None of these patients occurred with ischemic stroke. Conclusions Full preoperative preparation, close monitoring and meticulous manipulation during operation, frequent postoperative observation and treatment can ensure the treatment effect of CEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through geochemistry analysis of core and outcrop samples from different Paleozoic strata in Sichuan Basin, geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of the 4 sets shales were discussed from organic carbon isotope, thermal maturity and biomarker characteristics. The results show that three sets of Paleozoic high quality black shales (i. e. Lower Cambrian Qiongzhushi Formation, Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation, and Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation) have high organic abundance, with an average percentage of 6.31%, 3.53% and 1.87%, respectively. The main type of organic matter for all three sets of Paleozoic high quality black shales is of sapropalic Type I, with 8δ13C for TOC (total organic carbon) ranging from -29.0% to -32.0% 0. The higher relative abundance of low-molecular n-alkanes, C27 regular steranes, and tricyclic terpanes show that the organic matters in the Paleozoic high quality black shales are derived from lower hydrobiont and algae. The average organic carbon abundance of Upper Permian Longtan shale is 4.0%, and the organic matter is of Type II and III. The study of biomarkers indicates that the organic matter in Longtan shale is mainly of aquatic and continental organic matter input, whereas the organic mater in Longtan coal and mudstone are terrestrial organic matter input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to implement the demands of "Rule of Mine Prevention and Cure Water Disaster" and "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", the basic situation and characteristics of hydrogeological type classification in China's coal mine were summarized and put forward after the systematically surveying, counting and analysing of the data and information in 26 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Meanwhile, the coal basic characteristics, establishment, equipments and security situation were analyzed in the whole nation and every province, city and region from the number of coal mine, water inflow, water content coefficient, complicated extent of hydrogeological type, specialized departments of controlling water, technical personnel, workers with certificate for water drainage and special drilling machines of discharging water. The characteristics of hydrogeological type, the difficulties coming from the main water disaster, the organization of water prevention and control and safeguard measures in the four major coal-accumulation regions were also stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of peripheral intracranial aneurysms., Methods: A total of 24 patients of peripheral aneurysms from October 2008 to October 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 females and 13 males with a mean age of 46 (38-38) years. Of the 24 patients, 11 were female and 13 were male, mean age was 46 years (ranged 38-68). The distributions of the lesions included 12 peripheral anterior cerebral artery (n = 12), aneurysms, 3 peripheral middle cerebral artery (n = 3) aneurysms, 2 peripheral posterior cerebral artery (n = 2) aneurysms, 1 peripheral superior cerebellar artery (n = 1) aneurysm, 2 anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 2) aneurysms, 2 posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 2) aneurysms, and 2 medial posterior choroidal artery (n = 2) aneurysm. Eight procedures were performed by under neuro-navigation, and another 2 under were performed by intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and navigation. The procedures included Sixteen peripheral aneurysms were simple y clipping (n = 16)ed, 4 were clipping plus reconstruction of ed and parent arteries (n = 4) reconstructed, resection (n = 2) and resection plus reanastomosis 2 were resected, 1 was resected and of parent artery (n = 1) and EC-IC bypass (n = 1) was reanastomosed, and 1 was trapped with EC-IC bypass., Results: At discharge, 20 of them out of the 24 patients had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 5, and another 4 patients had yielded a score of 4. Two oculomotor nerve palsies occurred postoperatively and , with both improved in during a 3-month follow-ing up period. One patient case had postoperative partial visual field defect., Conclusions: The Peripheral intracranial aneurysms are a rare in clinical practices kind of entity. Precise intraoperative localization of the lesions is the of key importance for management to the procedure. Different treatment strategies should be taken based on their diverse different characteristics of the aneurysm.

Objective: To examine the evaluative effect of preoperative transvaginal color Doppler sonography (TVCDS) screening and phasing of endometrial carcinoma., Methods: A total of 713 jeopardized endometrial carcinoma patients were screened by TVCDS. The investigators observed the endometrium form, focus location, size and echo, measured the endometrium thickness, judged the regularity and integrity of edge, the integrity of faint echo halos at the interface between endometrium and muscularis and the blood flow inside focus, examined resistance index and determined endometrial carcinoma as well as muscularis infiltrating extent. According to the FIGO's phasing scheme in 1988, endometrial carcinoma was divided into I, II, III and IV phases so as to compare the results of TVCDS in screening and phasing of endometrial carcinoma with that of operative pathology., Results: One hundred cases were diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma. Among which, 96 were proved by surgical pathology as endometrial carcinoma. The rates of TVCDS screening and phasing coincidence were 96% (96/100) and 94% (94/100) respectively., Conclusion: The application of TVCDS may diagnose and stage the cases of endometrial carcinoma. It is a valuable tool for selecting therapeutic regimens and making prognostic evaluations.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic values of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and abdominal computed tomography (CT) in small bowel disease., Methods: Seventy eight DBE procedures were carried out in 70 patients, 40 males and 30 females; aged 47.7 (16 - 83) with suspected small bowel disease, all of whom received gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal CT examination at the same time. The diagnostic value of DBE was compared with that of CT., Results: Seventeen kinds of small bowel lesions were detected, mainly including Crohn's disease, adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stroma tumor, vascular deformity, lymphoma, diverticulum, and polyp. There were no complications and all procedures were tolerated well. The mean duration of procedure was 110 min (30 - 240 min). Nineteen patients received surgical intervention. The diagnostic yield rate of DBE was 57.1% (40/70), significantly higher than that of CT (31.4%, 22/70, P < 0.01). The positive diagnosis rate of DBE combined with CT was 62.9% (44/70), not significant different from that of the DBE alone (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: DBE shows a significantly higher diagnostic yield than CT in patients with suspected small bowel disease, and thus should be selected for the initial diagnosis. DBE Combined with CT did not increase the diagnostic yield. However, CT not only provides direction of intubation for DBE, but also clearly depicts the small bowel wall and extraenteric alterations. DBE and CT compliment each other in examining the patients with suspected small bowel disease.

Objective: To design a new supra-infratentorial presigmoid partial labyrinthectomy keyhole approach assisted by neuro-navigation system, and to explore the possibility of removing the approach-correlated bone precisely., Methods: Navigation data were established on 8 cadaveric heads fixed by formalin and perfused intracranial vessels with colored silicone. Before the operation, the important structures were outlined with different colors in the navigation system. A 7-cm "C" shape skin incision was performed 1cm behind the helix. On elevating the skin flap and musculofascial flap respectively, a 3.5 cm x 3 cm bone window was performed. After skeletonized the sigmoid sinus, bony labyrinth and the canal for facial nerve assisted by neuro-navigation, the amount of dura exposed and the maximal angle of vision were measured before and after partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy, the anatomic structures were observed as well., Results: The incision of the supra-infratentorial retrolabyrinthine keyhole approach fully met the needs of the presigmoid partial labyrinthectomy keyhole approach. The approach-correlated bone could precisely be drilled with the aid of neuro-navigation, which could avoid the bewilder in drilling process. This approach provided wide exposure to petroclival region, cerebellopontine angle, prepontine region and posterior cavernous sinus. After partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy, the horizontal exposure was increased to (18.8 +/- 1.6) mm (left side) and (17.7 +/- 1.2) mm (right side); the maximal angle of vision was increased to (59.3 +/- 9.2) degrees (left side) and (57.0 +/- 11.0) degrees (right side); the vertical exposure increased (10.0 +/- 1.0) mm (left side) and (10.0 +/- 0.8) mm (right side); there were significant differences between before and after partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: It is feasible to perform the supra-infratentorial presigmoid partial labyrinthectomy keyhole approach. The exposed field and the maximal angle of vision can be obviously increased by partial labyrinthectomy with petrous apicectomy.