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In order to understand the diversity of endophytic bacteria community in different tissues of Pyracantha fortuneana, the 16S rRNA V5-V7 variable region of endophytic bacteria in P. fortuneana was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the diversity of endophytic bacteria community in different tissue parts of P. fortuneana was analyzed. The results were as follows:(1) A total of 1 818 endophytic bacteria OTU were obtained, in which 754 endophytic bacteria were from root, 308 from stem and 756 from leaf, and with a total of 152 OTU.(2) Species classification showed that endophytic bacteria in different P. fortuneana tissues had abundant community diversities, and the endophytic bacteria in root belonged to 557 species, 373 genera, 216 families, 137 orders, 53 classes, 23 phyla, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Streptomyces were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 10.57% and 8.00%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in stem belonged to 270 species, 204 genera, 126 families, 76 orders, 32 classes, 21 phyla, Massilia and unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 31.10% and 12.82%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in leaf belonged to 581 species, 380 genera, 210 families, 130 orders, 52 classes, 21 phyla, geobacillus and pseudomonas were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 12.31% and 9.84%, respectively.(3)PICRUSt function prediction analysis showed that the species richness of root endophytic bacteria involved in te regulation of various metabolic pathways was the highest. These results provide a reference for endophytic bacteria functions and exploiting new beneficial microbial resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus mutabilis is native to China with a long cultivation history, and is an ancient garden tree species and medicinal plant. In this study, we selected three cultivars of H. mutabilis in a hybrid combination(H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen)to investigate evolutionary characteristics between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, and clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, as well as explore the genetic model of chloroplast genome(cpDNA)of H. mutaibilis at the same time. We first sequenced the three cultivars of H. mutaibilis using Illumina NovaSeq. After assembly and annotation, three complete chloroplast genome sequences were obtained. The cpDNAs of the related species H. taiwanensis from our group, and H. syricus and H. rosa-sinensis from the gene bank. Then we carried out comparative analysis on composition and structure of cpDNAs of four species of Hibiscus and three cultivars of H. mutabilis, and completed its phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results were as follows: (1)Total sizes of cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 160 880, 160 879, 160 920 bp, respectively, and the total gene number was 130, including 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 37 transfer RNAs. (2) The comparative analyses showed that the cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and the related species H. taiwanensis were highly conserved, and the inverted repeat regions(IR)were all 26 300 bp; H. rosa-sinensis and H. syriacus shrank to at 25 745 and 25 598 bp, respectively.(3)The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three cultivars were planted into a monophyletic branch, and then together with H. taiwanensis into a high support branch, indicating that H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis had the closest relationship; Compared with H. syriacus and H. rosa-sinensis, H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis were more closely related to H. hamabo, H. tiliaceum and H. canabinus.(4)Three cultivars of H. mutabilis could be distinguished by cpDNA sequence, the length of LSC/SSC of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 89 355 bp/18 925 bp, 89 353 bp/18 926 bp, 89 400 bp/18 920 bp, respectively. And candidate molecular markers and DNA barcodes had been developed from repeat sequence and nucleotide diversity analyses, which could be used as a tool for cultivars identification.(5)The cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai and H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong showed a minimum difference and had the closest phylogenetic relationship. According to the relationship between their female and offspring, the maternal genetic characteristics of the cpDNAs of Hibiscus were proved. This study will help us to understand the evolutionary characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis, and provide basic data on cpDNA for accurate identification of the cultivars of H. mutabilis and breeding of excellent cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

APG IV has a noticeable improvement from the morphological phylogeny which revealed Elaeocarpaceae belonging Oxalidales includes the COM clade with Celastrales and Malpighiales, while the status of COM clade is not well supported based on phylogenetic calculation results of multi-molecular fragments. In order to improve the bootstrap of COM clade, with Sloanea sinensis(genus Sloanea, family Elaeocarpaceae)as materials, we used Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform to sequence, and then assembled, annotated, and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Analysis of chloroplast genome characteristics was used by MISA and IRscope. The phylogenetic tree of Fabids was reconstructed by using PhyloSuite. The results were as follows:(1)The complete chloroplast genome of Sloanea sinensis was 157 546 bp in length including two inverted repeats(IRs)of 25 984 bp, which were separated by LSC and SSC of 87 904 bp and 17 674 bp, respectively. The GC content was 37.0%.(2)The genome encoded 113 functional genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. 81 SSR loci were detected in the S. sinensis genome, and most of SSR was composed of nucleobase A and T. Through IR expansion and contraction analysis, we found that there were obvious differences between Elaeocarpus japonicus and Sloanea sinensis in LSC/IRB and IRA/LSC boundaries.(3)The whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic studies showed Sloanea sinensis and Elaeocarpus japonicus were sister to Averrhoa carambola, Oxalis corymbosa and O. drummondii. Sloanea sinensis and Elaeocarpus japonicus representing Elaeocarpaceae belonged to Oxalidales, Fabids, and a strongly support for COM clade in Fabids group. Based on the chloroplast genome of genus Sloanea, the phylogenetic status of Elaeocarpaceae and the COM clade is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]