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Successful treatment of endodontic and periapical diseases requires the elimination of bacteria and microbial biofilms from root canals. Currently, the most preferred irrigation method involves the delivery of sodium hypochlorite via the combination of a syringe and ultrasonic activation. Calcium hydroxide is the main choice for intracanal medicament between endodontic appointments and treatment. However, conventional chemical disinfection of root canals is controversial due to drug permeability and drug resistance. New small biomolecule formulations with high penetrability and bioremediatory capacity, including antimicrobial peptides such as M33D and LL-37, antisense RNA ASwalR/ASvicR and nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles, mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles, have effective antibacterial and antibiofilm properties for use in root canal systems and dentinal tubules, thereby promoting the healing of apical lesions. However, the in vivo drug stability, biosafety, and clinical efficacy of small biomolecule formulations need further investigation. Future research will still focus on the improvement and combination of traditional drugs, as new small molecule formulations and ideal disinfectant drugs need to be developed. In the present paper, we reviewed the development of new antibacterial agents and application of small biomolecule formulations for chemical disinfection of infected root canals.

【Objective】The non-linear characteristics of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) contribute to the degradation of Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems, particularly in Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (O-OFDM) systems with high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). A single-stage equalizer based on the Volterra series can handle the high-order non-linear distortions of LEDs with low latency. However, solving the traditional Volterra series necessitates multiple integration operations, resulting in the high implementation complexity of the Volterra-based equalizer. Additionally, the single-stage equalizer accumulates errors with limited performance improvements.【Methods】Firstly, to address the issue of high computational complexity in the traditional calculations of the Volterra series, a proposition is made to retain only the high-order power series terms of the various nonlinear terms and kernel coefficients within the Volterra series. This approach, known as the Memory Polynomial-based Volterra Series (MPVS), not only reduces the computational complexity compared to the traditional Volterra series but also enhances the accuracy of nonlinear system modeling by considering all input signals at the current moment. Subsequently, the design of channel equalizer considers the Memory Polynomial-based Volterra (MPV) equalizer and the Memory Polynomial-based Volterra Decision Feedback Equalizer (MPV-DFE). For a single-stage MPV-DFE, if an error occurs in the decision part leading to an incorrect symbol decoding, this error tends to manifest as a consecutive series of errors, thereby impacting the entire symbol sequence. To mitigate this, a proposal is made to cascade the two non-linear equalizers, MPV and MPV-DFE, forming a hybrid equalizer called MPV+MPV-DFE. The MPV equalizer performs a primary equalization on the LED's nonlinear distortion signal, effectively suppressing a portion of the non-linear distortions and thereby reducing symbol decoding errors in the MPV-DFE. Subsequently, a secondary equalization is carried out by the MPV-DFE, leading to improved suppression of residual nonlinear distortions.【Results】Finally, the effectiveness of the system design was validated using Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the BER. The results demonstrate that compared to the single-stage MPV equalizer and the linear-cascade nonlinear hybrid equalizer (LMS+MPV-DFE), the proposed hybrid equalizer achieves approximately 7 dB and 2 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) gains, respectively, in a 4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) -modulated Asymmetrically Clipped Optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) system at a BER of 10-4.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the implementation of the MPV equalizer is straightforward, and the cascaded design of the two-stage nonlinear equalizers as a hybrid equalizer enables better mitigation of the LED’s nonlinearity.

Limb paralysis is a common sequela of cerebral infarction, which leads to both physical disorders and heavy psychological burden. Recent years have witnessed growing studies on the prognosis of motor function in patients with cerebral infarction, and increasing well-known relevant medical evaluation tools, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and motor evoked potential induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS-MEP), which can microscopically assess the structural changes in white matter fiber bundles, and the combined use of them, that is, the combination of neuroanatomy, electrophysiology and neuroimaging, can more accurately assess the level of motor neuron impairment, thereby obtaining a motor function assessment surpassing the assessment based on clinical function indicators in terms of objectivity. We reviewed the prognostic value of DTI and TMS for motor function recovery via detecting and quantifying corticospinal tract degeneration in patients after cerebral infarction, and summarized the prognostic values of commonly used relevant measurement parameters for motor function recovery in hemiplegic patients. We concluded that DTI and TMS-MEP are powerful tools for noninvasively assessing complex structures of brain tissues, which can detect more subtle neural and tissue changes, and the combined use of them can effectively explore the damage pattern of white matter fiber bundles using different analysis methods, contributing to the development of neurological rehabilitation programs and maximum improvement of the long-term prognosis for patients.

Background Promoting appropriate health technology to rural and urban communities is an important measure to improve the technical level and service capacity of primary care institutions. The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University carried out the promotion of appropriate health technology in southern Xinjiang. Objective To evaluate the effect of appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation in southern Xinjiang, understand the needs of rehabilitation workers in southern Xinjiang for appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation and the goals they hope to achieve by participating in appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation projects, providing a basis for health administrative departments to implement appropriate rehabilitation technology promotion work. Methods The rehabilitation workers from the rehabilitation medicine departments of 8 people's hospitals, affiliated township health centers and communities health centers, federation of the disabled, civil affairs system and other rehabilitation institutions in 8 deep poverty-stricken counties which were considered as sample source sites by using a multi-stage sampling method in July 2018. The appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation was performed followed by a investigation by using self-designed questionnaire. The monthly outpatient volume, hospitalization volume and treatment income of the rehabilitation medicine department of people's hospitals before (January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018) and after participation (July 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020) in technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation projects were compared. Results The appropriate technology promotion for stroke rehabilitation in acute, subacute and convalescent stages, as well as community and family rehabilitation of stroke was performed from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018, involving motor function rehabilitation training, functional electrical stimulation, mandatory exercise therapy techniques, constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) , mirror therapy, management and rehabilitation training of dysphagia, daily living activities training and rehabilitation care of stroke patient. A total of 384 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the 384 rehabilitation workers, 63.3% (243/384) identified the appropriate technology promotion within districts (counties) as very meaningful; 46.1% (177/384) thought the project was very applicable in their local area; 37.5% (144/384) believed that the technology for stroke rehabilitation can be carried out in their medical institutions with a slight improvement of the relevant conditions; 46.9% (180/384) believed that the difficulty level of the appropriate technology promotion project was easy in terms of operation skills; after the training, 42.2% (162/384) claimed to be knowledgeable about the technology and need to learn and receive further training. The monthly outpatient volume and monthly treatment income of the rehabilitation medicine department of people's hospitals after participating in stroke rehabilitation technology promotion projects increased significantly compared with before participation (P

BackgroundExposure to high-intensity X-ray irradiation induces numerous defects in the thin films of optical components applied to X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities. These defects result in structural damage to the material and degradation of macroscopic properties, thereby affecting its service life and significantly compromising the reliability and stability of XFEL facilities.PurposeThis paper aims to design and implement an automated irradiation simulation software based on Python called automatic irradiation simulation based on LAMMPS (AISL) to support the simulation research of XFEL radiation damage to materials using molecular dynamics methods.MethodsAISL was designed to facilitate high-throughput automated studies on XFEL radiation damage by exploring the process of radiation-induced defects and promoting the accumulation of data for radiation-resistant materials. This software package established an automated workflow pipeline for simulation tasks, encompassing aspects such as batch submission management, scheduling of simulation tasks, reliable storage of computational data, and post-processing of thermodynamic information. Additionally, the metadata was automatically recorded in a radiation damage simulation database based on MongoDB, so were the workflow information, and calculation result files of the simulation. Finally, the utilization of AISL in simulating radiation damage in metal thin films of XFEL optical components was demonstrated to verify the validation of AISL.Results & ConclusionsThe demonstration results indicate that AISL is an effective, user-friendly software for conducting high-throughput automated irradiation simulation studies. It significantly enhances the efficiency of material irradiation damage simulation calculations using LAMMPS.

Objective To observe the effect of brain exercise training on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. Methods 80 patients with MCI were randomly divided into the intervention （n = 40） and control groups （n = 40）. In the intervention group， brain exercise training was delivered for 45-60 min twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Mini-Mental State Examination Scale （MMSE）， Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）， Zung’s Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Neuropsychiatric Inventory （NPI） and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） between two groups were evaluated at the baseline， 3 months and 6 months， respectively. Results In the control group， the total MMSE scores at 3 and 6 months were significantly declined compared with the baseline value （P < 0.001， P = 0.007）， the scores of attention and calculation domains were significantly decreased （P < 0.001， P = 0.009）， and the score of language domain was also significantly declined at 6-month follow-up （P = 0.012）. No significant differences were observed regarding the total and each domain scores of MMSE at different time points in the intervention group （all P > 0.05）. In the control group， the total MoCA scores at 3- and 6-month follow-up were significantly lower than the baseline value （P = 0.011， P < 0.001）， and the scores of attention and calculation domains were considerably declined （P = 0.002， P = 0.048）. In the intervention group， the total MoCA score at 6 months was significantly higher than the baseline value （P = 0.001）， and the scores of attention and calculation domains at 3- and 6-month follow-up were considerably higher compared with the baseline values （both P < 0.001）， which significantly differed between two groups （both P < 0.001）. In the control group， the SAS scores at 3- and 6-month follow-up were significantly higher than the baseline values （P = 0.001， P = 0.003）， the SDS scores at 3- and 6-month follow-up were also significantly higher compared with the baseline values （P = 0.002， P = 0.007）. In the intervention group， the SDS score at 6 months was significantly lower than the baseline score （P = 0.009）. The SAS and SDS scores at 6-month follow-up significantly differed between two groups （P = 0.002， P = 0.016）. No significant changes were observed in the NPI and PSQI scores between two groups. Conclusion Brain exercise training can improve the cognitive function and stabilize the mood of MCI patients to a certain extent， which might play a positive role in preventing or delaying the progression of MCI into dementia.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of shared decision-making (SDM) interventions to improve the quality of dialysis decision-making in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods A randomized controlled was carried out in 72 patients with end-stage renal disease recruited between October 2021 and December 2021. The patients were randomly assigned into the intervention group (n=36) or the control group (n=36). The intervention group was given SDM interventions in which the nurses used patient decision aids (PDA) for decision-making counseling, while the control group was given routine pre-dialysis education. All patients received the surveys of Decision Conflict Scale, Treatment Choice Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Decision Readiness Scale in 1 week after the intervention, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Decision Regret Scale in 3 months after dialysis. The primary endpoint indicator was the score of Decision Conflict Scale, and the secondary ones were treatment choice, and scores of anxiety and depression, decision readiness, quality of life, and decision regret. Results After 1 week of intervention, the scores of decision conflict (P < 0.01) and anxiety (P=0.005) were significantly lower, while that of decision preparation (P < 0.01) was obviously higher in the intervention group than the control group. The proportion of uncertainty to dialysis in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (15.15% vs 34.29%, P=0.026). In 3 months after dialysis, the intervention group obtained statistically higher total physiological score (P=0.004) and lower decision regret score (P=0.002) when compared with the control group. Conclusion SDM interventions can effectively reduce decision conflict and decision regret, reduce anxiety level, and improve decision preparation and physiological health for the patients with end-stage renal disease.

Objective To summarize the clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, imaging examination, genetic test, treatment and prognosis of scrub typhus combined with central nervous system (CNS) infection. Methods and Results The clinical data of 4 cases of scrub typhus encephalitis diagnosed and treated from October to November in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were analyzed. The main clinical manifestations were eschar and lymphadenopathy (4 cases), headache (4 cases), nausea and vomiting (3 cases), fever (3 cases), rash (3 cases), and mental behavior disorder (3 cases); laboratory examination of hepatic in 3 cases were abnormality. Three patients underwent lumbar puncture of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), including 3 cases with elevated pressure, 2 with elevated white blood cell count, 3 with elevated protein quantification, and 3 with abnormal immune function. Head MRI examination in 3 cases were normal, and one case showed a slightly linear hyperintensity of FLAIR in the bilateral occipital lobes. Metagenomic next⁃generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF was completed in 3 patients, and Orientia tsutsugamushi was detected in all of them. All 4 cases were diagnosed as scrub typhus encephalitis and recovered after effective antibiotic treatment. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of scrub typhus combined with CNS infection are not specific, so it is necessary to be vigilant against the occurrence of scrub typhus in patients with CNS infection of unknown etiologys. In particular, scrub typhus should be considered during the epidemic season, if there is a history of farm work or suburban activities.

In this paper, we selected the clear waveform data recorded by 18 seismic stations within 2° from the epicenter of Jiangsu seismic network, and remeasured the focal depth of the MS5.0 earthquake in Dafeng sea area of Jiangsu Province by using the simple type, LocSAT and HypoSAT seismic positioning method, using the South China, the middle-south segment of Tan-Lu Fault Zone and IASP91 velocity model respectively. And the obtained depth values are compared and analyzed. The results show that the focal depths measured by the three seismic location methods are close, about 11 ± 2 km; The calculation result of HypoSAT positioning method is relatively stable, and the models of IASP91 and the middle-south segment of Tan-Lu fault zone are suitable for the calculation of focal depth in this area.

ObjectiveTo investigate a black fungus poisoning incident in Shenzhen and identify the specie of pathogen. Meanwhile， the toxogenic strains， the distribution and metabolism of bongkrekic acid （BA） in vivo were also studied to provide references for treatments of similar incidents.MethodsIsolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria were carried out according to GB/T 4789.29-2003. MALDI-TOF MS was also used. UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS was used for determination of BA in Black Fungus， blood， liver， urine， bacterial suspension and other samples.ResultsDifferent concentrations of BA were found in soaked Black Fungus， blood and urine samples. BA was also found in necrotic liver acquired from liver transplant 5 days after BA intake. Continuous surveillance showed that certain concentration of BA still exist in patient’s blood and urine even 9 days after BA intake. Burkholderia gladioli were isolated from both dried and soaked Black Fungus， and both two strains produced abundant BA after bacilli-culture.ConclusionBurkholderia gladioli in the Black Fungus produced large amount of BA during the soaking process. Then BA was ingested by the patient and widely distribute in vivo. Consequently， the patient died of multiple organ failure.

The integrity and durability of metal coatings have a great influence on the medium corrosion resistance of steel structures. When the anti-corrosive coating was partially damaged or microcracked, the micro-nano capsule filler could produce a stress response to the changes in the micro-environment under the coating, release corrosion-inhibiting substances or polymer monomers, and realize the self-healing of the coating, filling the voids, and thereby significantly improving the medium corrosion resistance of coating. In this work, the principle of micro-nano self-healing coating was introduced firstly. Taking several new micro-nano fillers such as mesoporous SiO2, layered double hydroxide, halloysite nanotubes and metal organic framework compounds as representatives, their application, advantages and disadvantages in self-healing high corrosion resistant coatings were summarized and forecasted briefly, which could provide several ideas for the development of high corrosion resistant and long-lasting coatings.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is one of the advanced therapies for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), which can relieve the symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with NENs with good tolerance to the treatment.However, since this treatment method has just started in China, how to implement standardized, efficient and high-quality nursing services for patients undergoing PRRT is still worth discussing. By referring to related international guidelines and clinical nursing standards, and combining our experience in the treatment of NENs using 177Lu-DOTATATE, we proposed the key nursing points during the treatment process, and elaborated how to prevent common adverse reactions and undergo psychological intervention, in hope of the related personnel being able to provide more safe treatment and to improve nursing security.

Ceramics are widely used as dental restorative materials because of their superior wear resistance, chemical stability, biocompatibility, and aesthetic features. In this paper, the chemical compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties of dental ceramics were introduced, based on the wear mechanisms of typical dental ceramics and their abrasiveness with opposing human teeth, the main progress concerning the tribological performance optimization of dental ceramics were summarized, and it was pointed out that the mismatch of tribological properties between ceramics and human teeth seriously restricts the clinical application of dental ceramics. Then the in vitro test methods of tribological properties of dental ceramic materials are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of laboratory test medium, friction pair, load, displacement and cycle times. Finally, the future development trends of dental ceramics were discussed from the perspective of bionic tribology. It was pointed out that bionic design of ceramic matrix composites is a promising strategy for overcoming the mismatch of tribological property between dental ceramic restorations and human teeth.

Anti-yaw damper is a key component of high-speed train suspension system. In this paper, through the measured performance degradation data of anti-yaw damper and the damping value setting of anti-yaw damper, the performance data of anti-yaw damper in different states are obtained. According to the dynamic parameters of a certain high-speed train in China, the dynamic model of the vehicle is established, and the influence on the dynamic performance of the vehicle is analyzed based on the performance data of anti-yaw damper in different performance states.The results show that: In actual operation, the performance change of anti-yaw damper has little effect on the force between wheel and rail; In the actual operation, the performance change of anti-yaw damper has a certain impact on the running stability of the vehicle, but the impact degree is limited. Under the simulation condition, the vehicle’s stability is always in a better state; The critical speed of the vehicle operation is sensitive to the performance change of anti-yaw damper.The simulation results of the measured performance degradation data show that with the use of anti-yaw damper, the critical speed of the vehicle decreases significantly; the simulation results of the damping value setting of anti-yaw damper show that appropriate increase of damping value is conducive to increase the critical speed of vehicle operation and improve the stability of vehicle operation.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient carrier space caused by the antenna loaded inside the conical seeker, the conformal four arm conical spiral antenna which applied to the main frequency of 1.575 GHz satellite positioning communication system was designed. A planar microstrip antenna is used to surround the conical logarithmic spiral antenna outside the conical seeker for reducing the inner space occupied by the conical seeker. The designed antenna is equipped with four identical spiral radiation patches, and circular polarization is realized by feeding matching network. The measurement shows that the antenna has good performance, when the axial ratio is 2.5 dB, the test direction ±60°, the maximum gain is 5 dB, and the space occupied by the antenna inside the conical seeker is completely saved.

Objective To investigate the effect of doctor-nurse collaboration model in the nursing of elderly patients with renal failure and diabetic foot. Methods Totally 76 elderly patients with renal failure and diabetic foot were randomly divided into the control group and research group, 38 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received routine nursing management, and those in the study group were given nursing interventions based on doctor-nurse collaboration model. The General Comfort Questionnaire(GCQ) was used to assess patient comfort, and the length of stay and incidence of complications were compared between two groups. Results The GCQ scores of two groups were increased after nursing interventions, and GCQ score in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The length of stay in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). There was no significant difference in incidence of complications between two groups(P＞0. 05). Conclusion Nursing interventions based on doctor-nurse collaboration model are effective to improve the comfort of patients with renal failure and diabetic foot. (目的 分析医护一体化模式在老年肾功能不全合并糖尿病足患者护理中的应用效果。方法 选取76例老年肾功能不全合并糖尿病足患者作为研究对象, 采用随机数字表法将其分成对照组和研究组, 各38例。对照组采用常规护理, 研究组采用医护一体化模式进行干预。采用舒适状况量表(GCQ)评估患者机体舒适度, 统计患者住院时间和并发症发生情况。结果 实施护理干预后, 2组GCQ评分均较干预前提高, 且研究组GCQ评分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。研究组患者住院时间短于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。2组并发症比较, 差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。结论 医护一体化模式在老年肾功能不全合并糖尿病足患者的护理中应用效果明显, 能有效改善患者舒适状况。)

With the rapid development of optical communication technology, the capacity of optical transmission increases dramatically. The flexible requirements for the management and scheduling of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) network systems also become higher. The wavelength adjustable module can meet the requirements of flexible network management, which will be widely used in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) system and 5G network. As the core component in the module, the research of tunable laser is particularly important. This paper introduces the hybrid integrated package technology of tunable laser and silicon modulator chip, which uses the design of an etalon a gluing standard to control the wavelength, saving the design of semiconductor refrigerator and the package size. The tunable laser produced meets the wavelength output requirements of ITU-96 channel, and the eye map meets the working eye map of 100 G Base-LR4 international standard.

Trajectory prediction for near space hypersonic vehicle is of great significance to the guidance and intercept. The common prediction methods for near space hypersonic vehicle are analyzed from the cooperation and non-cooperation point. Firstly, for the cooperation vehicle, the analytic method and numerical method are summed up and analyzed combined with the process of aircraft prediction-correction guidance. Then, predictions based on motion model probability density and game antagonism are analyzed for the non-cooperation vehicle. Finally, the possible research directions for trajectory prediction is analyzed.

Taking the website of China Earthquake Networks Center as an example，this paper collects traffic statistics for one year. In terms of website traffic trends，user source channels，access paths，and visitor conditions，we systematically analyze user accessing behaviors. The conclusions have been applied to its next stage website revision. The mode，which takes the accurate analysis of user behavior based on big data as decision basis for the website revision and upgrading continuously，provides new ideas of operation and maintenance for other seismic industry websites.

Objective To understand the current status of knowledge and willingness of influenza vaccination among the unvaccinated elderly people in a southwestern city, and to analyze the factors affecting the willingness of influenza vaccination, so as to provide a basis for promoting the popularization of influenza vaccine. Methods A total of 600 elderly people aged 60 and above who were not vaccinated with influenza vaccine from October to December 2023 were surveyed on their knowledge and willingness to be vaccinated with influenza vaccine. Finally, 538 valid questionnaires were collected. Univariate analysis was carried out using t -test and %2 test, and logistic regression model was used to analyze influenza vaccination intention. Results In total 57.8% of the 538 elderly people were willing to be vaccinated against influenza. Specifically, 55.6% of the elderly "did not know or have not heard of the influenza vaccine", 53.2% of the elderly believed that "the influenza vaccine may not be effective", 67.5% of the elderly believed that "influenza vaccination would have side effects", and the estimated proportion of side effects was at 17.53% . The results of multivariate analysis of influenza vaccination willingness showed that people who had "general knowledge" (OR =2.464, 95% CI: 1.209-5.019, P=0.013) and who were "very knowledgeable" (OR=2.885, 95% CI: 1.112-7.485, P=0.029) were more likely to be vaccinated than those who had not heard of influenza vaccine. Compared with the "estimated proportion of influenza vaccination in people aged 60 and over < 20%" group, the "estimated vaccination ratio of 60% to 80%" group (OR=3.478, 95% CI=1.555-7.779, P=0.002), and the "estimated vaccination ratio =3 80%" group (OR=4.591, 95% CI =1.058-19.915, P=0.042) had higher willingness to vaccinate influenza vaccine. The higher the score of satisfaction with personal health, the lower the willingness to be vaccinated against influenza (OR=0.804, 95% CI =0.670-0.964, P=0.018). Conclusion The elderly people who have not been vaccinated with influenza vaccine in this area do not know enough about influenza and its vaccine, and the willingness of influenza vaccination is low, which needs to be improved urgently. It is suggested that the knowledge and publicity of influenza and its vaccine be strengthened in this region, and practical vaccination strategies should be adopted to improve the willingness and vaccination rate of influenza vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the causal relationship between the characteristics of glycemic traits (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance) and benign colorectal neoplasm (colorectal adenomas, benign rectal neoplasm, and benign colon neoplasm). Methods The instrumental variables of blood glucose characteristics were extracted from MAGIC and GLGCL alliance, and the genome-wide data of colorectal benign tumors came from Finn-Gen alliance. In this study, random effect inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median method (WMM) were used to analyze the causal relationship between four glycemic traits and benign colorectal neoplasm. Results The results of IVW model showed that there was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OA =0.999, 95%CI: 0.997-1.001), fasting insulin (OA=1.002, 95&lowbar;CI: 0.998-1.006), glycosylated hemoglobin (CI=1.001, 95%CI: 0.999-1.004), insulin resistance (OA=0.999, 95%CI: 0.997-1.002), and colorectal adenoma. There was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OA =0.909, 95%CI: 0.684-1.209), fasting insulin (OA=1.220, 95%CI: 0.706-2.107), glycosylated hemoglobin (0A=0.678, 95&lowbar;CI: 0.440-1.046), insulin resistance (OA=1.161, 95 CI: 0.810-1.663) and rectal benign tumor. There was no causal relationship between fasting blood glucose (OA =0.966, 95%CI: 0.836-1.116), fasting insulin (OA=1.318, 95%CI: 0.906-1.916), glycosylated hemoglobin (OA=1.124, 95%CI: 0.882-1.431), insulin resistance (OA=1.071, 95%CI: 0.875-1.311) and benign tumors of colon. Conclusion There is no evidence of causal relationships of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosy- lated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance with colorectal adenomas, benign rectal neoplasm, and benign colon neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure and sleep problems in adults. Methods This study included 5 337 participants from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Weighted logical regression model and weighted quartile sum (WQS) regression model were used to evaluate the association of blood VOCs with short sleep duration (SSD), difficulty in falling asleep, and sleep disorders in adults. Results After adjusting the confounding factors, blood benzene (OR = 1.120, 95%CI: 1.019-1.230, P = 0.02), 2,5- dimethylfuran (OR = 1.144, 95%CI: 1.043-1.254, P = 0.005), ethylbenzene (OR = 1.115, 95%CI: 1.025-1.211, P = 0.012), furan (OR = 1.271, 95%CI: 1.086-1.489, P = 0.004), and o-xylene (OR = 1.097, 95%CI: 1.006-1.198, P = 0.037) had a significant positive correlation with SDD. Secondly, 2,5-dimethylfuran (OR = 1.082, 95%CI: 1.008-1.161, P = 0.03) and furan (OR = 1.148, 95%CI: 1.002-1.315, P = 0.046) were positively correlated with difficulty in falling asleep. Subgroup analysis showed that the positive association between VOCs and SSD was consistent among different groups. WQS results showed that for every unit of increase, SSD risk increased by 25.4% (OR = 1.254, 95%CI: 1.009-1.559, P = 0.041). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between VOCs exposure and SSD in American adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the fault characteristics of the Main Drive System of the Annealing Kiln（MDSAK）， the nonlinear factors such as the time-varying meshing stiffness of the gear and the time-varying stiffness of the bearing are considered synthetically， the mechanical electrical coupling dynamics model of the MDSAK including the driving motor， the gear driving system and the load system is established. The influences of bearing outer ring fault and gear tooth break fault on the dynamic characteristics and electrical characteristics of the MDSAK are analyzed. The results show that when the fault occurs， the fault feature is to take the fault feature frequency of the shaft and gear where the fault occurs as the modulation signal， which produces the phenomenon of amplitude modulation and frequency modulation for the side frequency near the dominant frequency of each component， and also modulates the electrical signal. When the fault occurs in the bearing outer ring， the fault feature is to take the fault feature frequency of the outer ring as the modulation signal， which dominates each component. The side frequency around the frequency produces the phenomenon of amplitude modulation and frequency modulation， at the same time， it also modulates the electrical signal. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the health monitoring and early warning of the MDSAK.

By analyzing the principle of FA transmission and its structural characteristics, taking FA45-29 reducer as the research object, and the three-dimensional model of simplified model of the prototype is built and virtual assembly is carried out without interference. By importing Hypermesh for detailed mesh generation, contact definition and constraint addition, the finite element model is established, and then importing ANSYS for modal analysis under constraint conditions. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained, which not only avoids complex theoretical modeling and calculation, but also lays a foundation for the subsequent dynamics analysis and rigid-flexible coupling analysis. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the dynamic performance of FA reducer, the design of experimental scheme and the structural optimization design of all parts of the reducer.

Objective To study the changes of acid resistance, oxidation resistance and high osmotic pressure resis⁃ tance of Streptococcus mutans after knockout of rnc gene and its possible regulatory mechanism. Methods Through PCR ligation mutagenesis, an rnc knockout mutant (Smurnc) was constructed. Acid tolerance, oxidation tolerance and high osmotic pressure tolerance were compared between Smurnc and the wild strain respectively. Real⁃time RT⁃PCR was used to verify the changes in expression of stress tolerance related genes at the transcriptional level. Results When rnc gene was knocked out, the acid tolerance (c2=13.464, P=0.001) and oxidation tolerance (c2=4.505, P=0.048) of Streptococcus mutans was significantly decreased, but the high osmotic pressure tolerance was significantly increased (c2=11.971, P=0.001). Expression of stress tolerance related genes luxS and ropA (0.64 and 0.51 times expression of the wild strain) had been significantly downregulated (P

Study of the general theory of law, as an independent branch of legal research, originated in Germany in the mid to late 19th century, and thereafter became a widely propagated and well-developed subject in countries such as the UK and the US. Scholars from the Soviet Union combined the general theory of law with Marxist philosophy and adapted it from an analytical legal theory to a social legal theory. The inheritance and development of the general theory of law in China went through three stages. Specifically, from the 1950s to the early 1960s, the jurisprudence community fully adopted the legal theories promoted by the Soviet Union; from the early 1980s to the late 1990s, the studies reflected upon past theories and sought advancement; and from the late 1990s to present, research has adopted a more open and innovative approach. In addition, the philosophy of law and other interdisciplinary subjects have gradually become dominant research paradigms. A review and compilation based on the evolution of theories of legal relations showed that the study of the general theory of law in China is closely associated to the historical rate of progress of the practice of rule of law and jurisprudence in China. The overall framework of the research is deeply influenced by the model of “theories of the Soviet + civil-law prototypes”. In addition, the research methods have evolved from investigations utilizing a single approach to processes combining various approaches. The general theory of law is far from a “relic of history,” and corresponding in-depth research is recommended for future jurisprudence study in China.

Sandwich panels with multilayer pyramidal truss cores were manufactured by additive manufacturing. The compressive resistance and destructive behavior were obtained by test under compressive load. The experimental results show that the compressive behavior is very stable, and the load-displacement curves show the same change regulation. The node regions of pyramidal lattice emerge plastic deformation firstly with the increase of compressive load, and then several fractures occur at the node regions of the middle two layers. The average compressive strength of the sandwich panels with multilayer pyramidal truss cores is 6.72 MPa. The molding quality of the back of pyramidal truss is bad owing to the restriction of the technology, so the radius of the truss is smaller than theoretical value. The experimental compressive strength is smaller than theoretical value and simulation calculation value. The compressive strength by theoretical analysis is higher than experimental value because of idealized assumption; while the simulation calculation result agrees with experimental result, the error is around 20%. Comparing the load-displacement curves and deformation, the simulation calculation method will exactly calculate the compressive resistance and destructive behavior of sandwich panels with multilayer pyramidal truss cores.

The FT pin-cycloid reducer and RV reducer are new type of pin-cycloid transmission reducer with closed two stage transmission. The both type of reducer has the advantages of more compact structure,high rigidity,low vibration,high efficiency of low speed operation zone and so on. The structure of the two is similar in transmission mode,and the transmission performance is greatly improved compared with the previous generations of reducer and the transmission efficiency is also greatly higher. The FT455-81 prototype and RV-160 E-81-B-B prototype are taken as examples to compare the performance,price and other aspects.The 3D model of the FT and RV reducers is built. Its transmission principle,transmission characteristics and structure are analyzed and compared. The advantages and disadvantages of RV reducer and FT reducer are expounded. The suitable for application of the two reducer is found.

The locomotive traction gear is the key component to power transmission and speed control of locomotive drive system,which plays a key role in locomotive running speed and Bearing torque. With the need of different locomotive design,the parameterized modeling of the traction gear can effectively reduce the development cycle. The formation equation of involute tooth profile and transition curve is introduced,and the tooth profile modeling is carried out in the SolidWorks 3 D modeling software environment by Program-driven method. Taking a certain type of locomotive traction gear as an example,the finite element simulation of the gear is carried out. The comparison and analysis of the contact stress of the tooth surface and the bending stress of the tooth root are compared with the theoretical results,and the accuracy and rationality of the design and modeling of the traction gear is verified. It is of great value to the rapid design and simulation of the traction gear.

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing methods to detect the security flaws that have complex structures,a new analysis model and its application method was proposed.First,analysis models based on key information of code structures extracted from path subsets of characteristic element sets that are generated by source code element sets of code security flaws were constructed.Then the analysis model according to the statistical probability of each kind of IR statement was calculated,and the IR code group which matched the feature model was found.Finally,through the translating relation between binary codes and IR codes,various code security flaws of binary program were found out.The analysis models can be applied to both common single-process binary programs and binary parallel programs.Experimental results show that compared with the existing methods,the application of the analysis model can be more comprehensive and in-depth in detecting various types of complex binary code security flaws with higher accuracy.

Analysis of environmental water samples is primarily conducted in the laboratory, which costs considerable time and money. Pre-concentration methods coupled with portable X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) have been developed for the determination of almost twenty kinds of heavy metals, but with a relatively high detection limit, complex operation, and less element types can be measured using one pre-concentration strategy. All of these problems restrict the development of the technique. To solve these issues an on-site-oriented rapid and convenient analysis method of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions has been developed utilizing a bench-top type portable Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Based on pre-concentration with purolite S930 chelating resin and thin-layer sample preparation technique, the method could determine trace V5+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in environmental water samples. After the heavy metal ions have been absorbed by 20 mg of S-930 resin powder for about 30 min in the pH=4 solution, the resin powders are filtrated onto a 0.45 m filter to form a thin-layer sample which can be directly measured by EDXRF using a homemade double polypropylene film sample cup. With an amount of 100 mL of solution, the linear ranges were 10-1000 g/L and the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were good (R2>0.997) for all the eight elements. The lower limit of detection was between 1.0 and 6.2 g/L. Precision tests carried out on multi-element mixed solutions showed that the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=12) were better than 5% except for those of Zn and Pb at the concentration level of 20 g/L. Most of the recoveries were 80%-120% with spikes of 20 g/L for each element. The analysis results of DW standard substances and simulation samples were consistent with reference values and the theoretical value respectively. This method skillfully uses a double polypropylene membrane preparation method to make a thin-layer film sample which solves the pollution problem and simplifies the pre-concentration steps. The resin film samples can be directly measured by XRF. A lower detection limit and better stability make the method suitable for a spot investigation, water quality monitoring, and assessment of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Mn and Pb in heavy metal polluted environmental water.

For problems that current remote start and stop equipment in communication control system for coal mining face displays little information and cannot change system mode, an intelligent remote start and stop equipment based on keyboard input and LCD was designed. The device not only can achieve remote start and stop of controlled objects, but also can change system operating mode, which accelerates promoting of security and user friendliness of communication control system for coal mining face.

4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL; EC 6.2.1.12) acts upstream of the branch point of phenylpropanoid, which is a key enzyme in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways for monolignol and flavonoid biosynthesis, and these compounds play important roles in plant growth and development as well as stress adaptability. Many 4CLs had been extensively studied in dicotyledons, but their function in monocotyledons, especially in crops, was relatively poorly understood. In this study, Ta4CL1, which encoded 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, was isolated from common wheat by RACE technique. Polygenetic analysis revealed that Ta4CL1 could be clustered to the same group of 4CLs from rice, maize, and sorghum, which was mainly involved in lignin biosynthesis. Ta4CL1-overexpressed Arabidopsis lines, at4cl1, at4cl3, and at4cl14cl3 as well as their corresponding functional recovery lines were used to elucidate the function of Ta4CL1 in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway. The results suggested that Ta4CL1 had similar function with At4CL1 in regulating lignin biosynthesis but it had no effect on flavonoid biosynthesis. Ta4CL was the major contributor of 4CL enzyme activity in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of Ta4CL led to enlarged leaves and thickened stems in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings, the expression of Ta4CL was also affected by MeJA, GA, and IAA treatments. These results provide the theoretical basis for improving the utilizing efficiency of plant straws using Ta4CL1 mail: mengying941027@tom.com [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to online assess the safety of a dynamic system by taking into account historical records, current state, and degradation trend. This paper proposes a new safety assessment method based on the evidential reasoning (ER) approach. To obtain the integrated safety level, multiple safety indicators are fused at first and the "history", "current" and "future" safety states are then integrated. Firstly, a forecasting model based on a third-order Volterra filter is proposed to online predict the safety indicators' information. Secondly, an optimal adaptive fusion weighting model is developed to calculate and automatically update the weighing coefficient. Finally, a safety assessment aggregation scheme based on the ER approach is presented to fuse the "history", "current" and "future" safety information synthetically to obtain a comprehensive safety assessment result of the dynamic system. A practical example of the inertial platform is studied to validate the effectiveness of the proposed ER-based safety assessment method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine distribution area of gas which lies in explosion limits and avoid electromechanical equipment's arranging in the area can reduce the risk of gas explosion after coal and gas outburst accident, based on actual parameters of mine, similar simulation test was designed and the model of migration and diffusion of gas along with air flow after outburst was put forward. Combining with the actual strength of coal and gas outburst and atmospheric conditions, space-time distribution of high concentration gas after coal and gas outburst was analyzed. The results show that the gas amount of each monitoring point has a negative exponent relation with monitoring distance. Turbulent diffusion coefficient is identical with the actually measured value. The first break time at which disaster gas reaches each monitoring point has good linear relationship with each monitoring distance. Under the air volume of 648 m³/min and sectional area of 9 m², gas explosion more likely occurs in the area within 563 m from outburst source and during the time of 0-290 s after 10 000 m³ gas extrudes. The occurrence probability of gas explosion is small when electromechanical equipments arrange beyond 563 m from outburst source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shale samples were collected from the Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian in southern Sichuan Basin. The pore-fissure structures of shale samples were measured and their characteristics were analyzed in this study. Based on the different superiority distribution of pore-fissure, the structures of pore-fissure was divided into three types: pore-superior distribution, fissure-superior distribution and pore-fissure equipotent distribution. In different conditions of axial compression, confining pressure and gas pressure gradient, the CH4 seepage experiments of some shale samples were carried out in three-dimensional stress field. Also, the effect of effective stress and gas slippage effect on the absolute permeability (K0) of shale were calculated and analyzed. It reveals that the permeability K0 and stress difference have negative exponential correlation on the condition of low pressure gradient. The permeability K0 and pressure gradient also have negative exponential correlation. The permeability K0 attenuates observably as the pressure gradient ranges from 0 to 0.2 MPa. It concludes that the effective stress increase will lead to micro-fissures closing and permeability decreasing. The adverse effect of matrix shrinkage and gas slippage effect coexist in the process of pressure gradient increasing while the contribution of slippage effect to permeability is lower than the adverse effect of matrix shrinkage. The shale permeability is different under the condition of different stresses. The shale permeability itself shows non-uniformity which implicates the difference of its micro-fissures development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The differentiation of CD4 + T cells is regulated by a complex and fine signaling pathway composed of many molecules during immune response, and the molecular mechanism for regulating T-bet expression is unclear. Mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) can combine with a variety of co-factors to regulate gene transcription, promote cell proliferation and survival, and affect invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) development. This study aims to investigate the effect of Med1 on T cell development and CD4 + T cell differentiation in immune response., Methods: Mice with T cell-specific knockout of Med1 gene (Med1 F/F CD4cre + , KO) were constructed and verified. The percentage and number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes of KO mice and control (Con) mice (Med1 F/F CD4cre - ) were detected by flow cytometry. After 8 days of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the percentage and number of CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific (GP66 + ) CD4 + T cells, the percentage and number of Th1 cells (Ly6c + PSGL1 + ) in CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific CD4 + T cells were examined in the spleen of mice. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of T-bet in CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific CD4 + T cells was analyzed., Results: Compared with the Con group, the percentage and number of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells in the thymus, CD4 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of the KO group showed no significant differences (all P >0.05), but the percentage and number of CD8 + T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of the KO group were diminished significantly (all P <0.05). After 8 days of infection with LCMV, there was no significant difference in the percentage and number of CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific CD4 + T cells in the spleen between the KO group and the Con group (all P >0.05), while in comparison with the Con group, the percentage and number of Th1 cells in CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific CD4 + T cells, and the expression of T-bet in CD4 + T cells or antigen-specific CD4 + T cells were significantly reduced in the spleen of the KO group (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: Specific knockout of Med1 in T cells does not affect the development of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the thymus, but does affect the maintenance of peripheral CD8 + T cells. In the immune response, Med1 gene deletion affects the expression of transcription factor T-bet, which in turn to reduce Th1 cell differentiation.

Terahertz waves, the electromagnetic waves in the range of 0.1 to 10 THz, has the advantages of being damage-free, causing no ionizing radiation injury, and being capable of recognizing the fingerprint spectrum of molecular characteristics, thus holding encouraging prospects for wide applications in the field of biomedicine. Terahertz spectrum can be used to identify and characterize biological structures of different levels, from biomolecules such as proteins to cells and tissues, through the spectral signals and/or restored images of the samples. Herein, we summarized the current stomatogical application of and research progress in terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dentistry, reported the latest research findings, strengths and limitations from three perspectives, tooth anatomical structure, the extent of caries progression, and oral soft tissue, and suggested possible directions for future exploration., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

The postmortem diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially the postmortem diagnosis of early AMI that died immediately after onset or within 1 hour, has always been a difficulty in forensic identification. This article reviews the forensic application of diagnosis and analysis methods for AMI postmortem diagnosis including autopsy imaging, histomorphology, immunohisto-chemistry, biochemical marker and molecular biology diagnosis, and explores the feasible scheme of early postmortem diagnosis in AMI.

Objective: To explore the microbial diversity and community structure of dental plaques in orthodontic patients with invisible appliances and fixed appliances and to study the differences., Methods: Ten orthodontic patients wearing invisible appliances (I) and ten wearing fixed appliances (F) were recruited. Dental plaques were collected from both buccal (B) and lingual (L) sides. Based on 16S rDNA, 40 dental plaque samples were analyzed after Illumina sequencing., Results: The microbial diversity, abundance and evenness of the FB group were significantly higher than those of the IB and IL groups ( P <0.05), while the FL group showed substantial individual differences. The community structures were generally similar among the four groups, but significant differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria were found. The IB group showed higher abundances of Actinomycetes and Rosella ( P <0.05), which were considered to be involved in dental caries and periodontal diseases. Some key communities showing significant differences were significantly enriched in the FB group, including Coprobacillus , Bifidobacterium , Enterobacterium , Lactobacillus , etc .., Conclusion: Dental plaques in patients wearing invisible appliances and fixed appliances showed significantly different microbial abundance, diversity and composition, which may be involved in orthodontic complications such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. Orthodontic patients need strengthened measures for oral hygiene maintenance, no matter what kind of appliances they wear., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the treatment outcome of the strategy of early extubation and then switching to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure, and the safety and feasibility of using the strategy to replace traditional methods., Methods: A total of 102 children, aged between 1 month to 14 years old, who had acute respiratory failure and were admitted to the pediatric ICU of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled and randomly assigned to treatment group 1 ( n =55) and treatment group 2 ( n =47). In addition, 53 children who had the same condition in the 12 month prior to the beginning of the study were included in the control group. In the two treatment groups, the patients were extubated first, and then weaned off the ventilator. In group 1, when the patient met the invasive-non-invasive switching criteria, the tracheal tube was pulled out and non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation was used for respiratory support. In group 2, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy was used for respiratory support. The traditional progressive weaning method was adopted for the control group (extubing and weaning were performed at the same time). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) during the period of tracheal intubation was compared and the mortality of the two groups was evaluated from the point when the patients were recruited. At the time of extubation in the treatment groups and extubation plus weaning in the control group, the pressure support levels, or PC above PEEP, intubation time, sequential time (between 2 treatment groups only), weaning failure rate, and the incidence of laryngeal edema and nasal pressure ulcer were compared., Results: The subjects of the study were predominantly infants (93 cases, 60%) and young children (31 cases, 20%). Among the 155 cases, 82 (53%) were male. There was no statistical difference in age distribution or gender among the groups. There was no significant difference in the clinical indicators among the three groups before tracheal intubation. At the time of extubation, the PC above PEEP in the two treatment groups was higher than that in the control group, and higher in group 1 than that of group 2, the difference being statistically significant ( P <0.05). The intubation time of the two treatment groups was shorter than that of the control group, and shorter in group 1 than that of group 2 ( P <0.05). The sequential time of group 2 was shorter than that of group 1 ( P <0.05). The extubation failure rate and the incidence of VAP in the two treatment groups were lower than those in the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups. The incidence of nasal pressure ulcers in group 1 was higher than that in the other two groups ( P <0.05). There was 1 death in treatment group 1, and no deaths in treatment group 2 or the control group. There was no significant difference in mortality or the incidence of laryngeal edema after extubation in the three groups., Conclusion: Early extubation and then switching to non-invasive mechanical ventilation can be well tolerated by the patients, and can be used in clinical practice as an effective weaning method for children with acute respiratory failure., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objectives: To study the annual variation of diatoms in Zhangweixin River, to provide theoretical support by using diatom examination to estimate the time and place of the corpse entering water, and to establish a diatom database., Methods: Samples were taken from 4 sampling sites in Decheng section of Zhangweixin River for 12 consecutive months. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed on the species and content of diatom samples. Based on the sampling site of Tianqu Road, Sprensen similarity coefficient analysis was conducted with the data of other 3 sites in Decheng section and Leling section of Zhangweixin River and Ningjin section in previous studies., Results: The number of diatom species was positively correlated with diatom content. The average diatom content in different months ranged from 1 054 to 13 041/10 mL, and the species composition ranged from 8 to 16, with differences in dominant species. The similarity coefficient of diatom species within 2 km were all higher than 0.956 52, which could not be distinguished effectively. The similarity coefficients of Leling section and Ningjin section were 0.736 84 and 0.588 24 respectively, which could be effectively distinguished., Conclusions: The species and content of diatom vary in different months in Zhangweixin River, and the composition of diatom species is different in different basins, which can provide reference for estimating the time and place of the corpse entering water in the river.

Objective: To investigate the changes in the proliferation and migration ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after indirect co-culturing with glioma C6 cells, and to examine the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 gene ( PVT 1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in these changes., Methods: After separation, cultivation and identification of BMSCs, BMSCs of good growth condition were picked out and indirectly co-cultured with glioma C6 cells in Transwell chambers. These cells are henceforth referred to as the co-culture group. Normal BMSCs cultured separately were the control group. CCK-8 and soft agar colony formation assay were used to examine the proliferation ability of the two groups of cells. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to explore the migration ability of the cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the genetic expression level of PVT 1 in the two groups. The above-mentioned tests were repeated after the co-cultured BMSCs were transfected with si- PVT 1 (si- PVT 1 group) and si-NC (si-NC group). In addition, qRT-PCR was done to evaluate the expression of CyclinD1, a cell cycle protein gene, and matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 ( MMP 2 and MMP 9), the migration-related genes in the si- PVT 1 and si-NC transfected co-cultured BMSCs., Results: The BMSCs used in the present study possess the capability of osteogeneic and adipogenic differentiation. Compared with the control group, the co-cultured BMSCs had smaller size, disorderly arrangement and the lack of intercellular contact inhibition. The proliferation and migration ability was significantly enhanced, the proportions of S and G 2 phase cells greatly increased and the expression level of PVT 1 was significantly up-regulated ( P <0.05) in the co-cultured group in comparison with those of the control group. When compared with the si-NC group, the si- PVT 1 group showed inhibited proliferation and migration ability of the co-cultured BMSCs; the percentage of G 1 phase cells increased, while that of S phase decreased; the expression of PVT 1, CyclinD1, MMP 2 and MMP 9 mRNA also decreased ( P <0.05) in the si- PVT 1 group., Conclusion: The enhanced proliferation and migration ability of BMSCs in the glioma C6 microenvironment may be associated with the up-regulated expression of PVT 1 ., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To explore the relationship between Golgi apparatus and the direction of tumor cell migration in vivo and in vitro., Methods: Cell migration assays were conducted with rat C6 glioma cells, human U251 and SNB19 glioma cells respectively. Then immunofluorescence was used to detect the position of Golgi apparatus in migrating cells. The percentage of cells with Golgi apparatus facing towards wound edge was calculated. Cell pseudopodium was stained with TRITC-phalloidin and the relationship between Golgi apparatus and pseudopodium detected. Immunohistochemistry was used to reveal the Golgi apparatus in tumor tissue samples. And the percentage of cells with Golgi apparatus facing opposite to the necrotic zones was calculated., Results: In cells located at wound edge, the Golgi apparatus was found facing towards the wound in the vast majority of cells (C6 83% ± 6%, U251 80% ± 7%, SNB19 82% ± 6%). In U251 and SNB19 cells, the golgi apparatus was located in the same direction with cellular pseudopodium. Immunohistochemical staining showed that in cells located around the necrotic zone, the Golgi apparatus faced opposite to the necrotic zones in most cells (rat tissue samples 80% ± 7%, human tissue samples 82% ± 6%)., Conclusions: The Golgi apparatus is closely correlated with cell migration and it may be considered as a direction indicator of cell migration. And it provides an important index for the study of tumor cell invasion both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: To determine the median effective dose (ED50) of 2% lidocaine to control the onset time of sciatic nerve blockade within 15 min by using 2% lidocaine and 0.75% ropivacaine 10 ml., Methods: Fifty patients underwent sciatic nerve blockade and lumbar plexus blockade for operations of unilateral lower extremities. 2% lidocaine was allocated into 7 ranks in geometric proportion between 4.2 ml and 12.5 ml. The observed index was the blockade onset time less than 15 min of the lateral cutaneous branch of sural nerve, fibular nerve, and rami calcanei medicales nervi tibialis. The ED50 of 2% lidocaine was determined respectively in the patients in which dorsiflexion or plantarflexion was elicited by in up-and-down sequential method., Results: Combined with ropivacaine, the values of ED50 of 2% lidocaine in the patients in which dorsiflexion and plantarflexion were elicited by up-and-down sequential method were 6.88 ml and 6.19 ml respectively when the onset time of blockade of sciatic nerve was within the range of 15 min., Conclusion: The dosage to elicit plantarflexion is similar to the dosage to elicit dorsiflexion in sciatic nerve blockade.