Search

The change of water content, mildew of Liupao tea at 35 ℃, 30 ℃, 25 ℃ and humidity of 90%, 80% and 70% were studied. The influence of temperature and humidity on water content and mildew of Liupao tea was analyzed, and the temperature and humidity conditions of Liupao tea were determined. The parameters of spore counting method applied to Liupao tea were optimized and the feasibility of spore counting method in predicting the mildew degree of Liupao tea was evaluated. The results showed that temperature below 25 ℃ and humidity below 70% were the best storage conditions for Liupao tea to prevent mildew. The increase level of spore number and the degree of mildew were synchronized. This method was feasible for rapid assessment of mildew of Liupao tea, and the critical value of the number of spores with mildew was preliminarily determined to be 30.00×107 ·g–1. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for the safe storage conditions of Liupao tea, and a new method for rapid assessment of its mildew degree.

As an important anthropometric characteristic， human height not only contributes to the recognition of other anthropological characteristics and genetic risk factors， but also is an important part of forensic DNA phenotyping studies. Accurate estimation of height can provide more complete information about the phenotype of suspects and provide help to solve cases. In recent years， having benefited from the rapid development of molecular biological techniques and bioinformatics， height-related genetics research has made some progress. This paper describes the research progress of human height estimation from the genetic variation and the epigenetic inheritance perspectives and looks into the future research direction.

Counter-flow engines are often used for aircraft slowing or separating. In order to study the interaction between the counter-flow jets and free stream at high altitudes, the rarefied flow driven by two counter-flow jets and hypersonic free stream was constructed. By the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, it is found that a large area of mutual interference will be formed under the condition of rarefied free stream, and there are serious unsteady flow phenomena in the interference area. According to preliminary analysis, the range and unsteady evolution of the interference area are closely related to the kinetic energy of free stream and the flow rate of counter-flow jets.

At present, casein can be isolated from skim milk by membrane filtration technology, and micellar casein concentrate could be obtained by concentration, sterilization, drying. In this paper, the factors affecting the composition of micellar casein concentrate and its application in cheese production were reviewed. It was found that pH value, temperature and diafiltrant during membrane filtration all affected the composition of micellar casein concentrate, resulting in different concentrations of casein, whey protein, lactose and calcium. It is also possible to standardize raw milk by micellar casein concentrate to produce cheese with the same composition and quality. It is also possible to obtain different raw milk compositions by micellar casein concentrate having different components to produce cheese with desired quality and function. In conclusion, the addition of micellar casein concentrate could affect the composition, texture and flavor of cheese during cheese production, but these problems could be solved by adjusting the process parameters of membrane filtration and cheesemaking. Further research will be still required to find an economic way to preserve micellar casein concentrate and give it extended shelf life, good rennet properties to ensure cheese quality and yield.

Background Clinical treatment of target organ damage in hypertension is mainly based on systemic hypotension supplemented by topical medication, but the treatment is unsatisfactory due to different or even mutually exclusive responses of tissues to the drugs. The relationship between calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) and hypertension has been investigated, however, studies on their role and mechanisms in hypertensive retinal disease are still lacking. Objective To investigate the expression level of CaSR in hypertensive retina and its relationship with myocardial remodeling and retinal vascular changes in hypertension. Methods Ten 8-week-old healthy wistar-kyoto rats (WKY) were selected as the WKY group, and 20 homologous spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) of the same age were randomly divided into SHR group and inhibitor (SHR+NPS2143) group from May to December 2021. During a 16-week intervention, the SHR+NPS2143 group received intraperitoneal injection of CaSR inhibitor NPS2143, while WKY and SHR groups were intraperitoneally injected with the equal volume of normal saline. At baseline and the end of intervention, blood pressure was measured by non-invasive blood pressure monitor in all rats, and from each group, five rats were selected and executed, and myocardial and retinal tissues were taken out for testing. Masson's Trichrome staining was used to measure the collagen deposition in the myocardium. H & E staining was used to detect the pathological changes in retinal tissues. The distribution and expression of CaSR and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in retinal tissues were detected using immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR. Results SHR group had significantly higher levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) , diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than WKY group either at baseline or the end of intervention (P

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and optimal therapeutic strategy for ventricular intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and process management in patients with traumatic bifrontal contusions (TBC). Methods Total 387 TBC patients between January 2010 and January 2016 were enrolled in 904th Hospital of Chinese PLA, in which 105 patients with TBC who underwent ventricular ICP monitoring (ICP group) and 282 patients with TBC who did not (non⁃ICP group). Conservative treatment and surgical treatment were performed respectively (unilateral craniotomy for contusion and hematoma removal, bilateral craniotomy for contusion and hematoma removal, and decompressive craniotomy). Rates of successful conservative treatment, ratio of bilateral craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy, length of stay, medical expenses and incidence of related complications were compared between 2 groups. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess all patients after 6 months follow⁃up. Results Compared with non⁃ICP group, ICP group had a significantly better successful conservative treatment rate [64.76% (68/105) vs. 47.16% (133/282); χ2=9.493, P=0.002], lower decompressive craniectomy rate [8.11% (3/37) vs. 23.49% (35/149); χ2=4.314, P=0.038]; shorter length of stay [(13.22 ± 1.83) d vs. (18.51 ± 5.08) d; t=10.410, P=0.000] and lower medical expenses [(8.34 ± 3.26) ten thousand yuan vs. (9.67 ± 4.42) ten thousand yuan; t=2.811, P=0.004]. No significantly difference in operative methods (χ2=2.673, P=0.102), pulmonary infection [33.33% (35/105) vs. 39.72% (112/282); χ2=1.321, P=0.250], intracranial infection [10.47% (11/105) vs. 8.16% (23/282); χ2=0.513, P=0.473], hydrocephalus [3.81% (4/105) vs. 6.74% (19/282); χ2=1.173, P=0.279], epilepsy [6.67% (7/105) vs. 10.99% (31/282); χ2=1.617, P=0.203] and bradycardia [28.57% (30/105) vs. 34.75% (98/282); χ2=1.320, P=0.251]. There were no significant differences in prognosis between 2 groups (χ2=1.492, P=0.474). Conclusions Condition of patients with TBC progresses rapidly. Patients should undergo ventricular ICP probe implantation in a timely manner. Although ventricular ICP monitoring do not significantly improve the prognosis of patients, it can increase the success rate of conservative treatment, reduce the rate of decompressive craniectomy, shorten the length of stay, and reduce the medial expenses. Ventricular ICP monitoring warrants further clinical research.

The traditional Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) technology uses back Rayleigh scattering power for fiber detection. In transmission lines with optical amplifier, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) are mostly used to compensate for the loss of signal light and extend the transmission distance of the signal light. Since the EDFA amplifies the signal, it will generate spontaneous radiation noise, and the continuous accumulation of noise will rapidly decrease the signal-to-noise ratio measured by the OTDR. The paper mainly expounds the principle of Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (C-OTDR) technology. The detected signal optical power is concentrated to the intermediate frequency by the coherent detection method, and most of the noise can be filtered out by band-pass filtering the frequency signal. It can continuously extend the detection distance through the EDFA. We also propose to use the frequency shift keying method to eliminate the optical surge problem caused by the cascade of multi-stage repeaters in long-distance transmission of submarine cables. Through the development of self-developed coherent optical time domain reflectmeter, the actual test of C-OTDR technology in the simulated submarine cable multi-span transmission system has reached 3 000 km, which fully meets practical conditions.

The traditional Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) technology uses back Rayleigh scattering power for fiber detection. In transmission lines with optical amplifier, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) are mostly used to compensate for the loss of signal light and extend the transmission distance of the signal light. Since the EDFA amplifies the signal, it will generate spontaneous radiation noise, and the continuous accumulation of noise will rapidly decrease the signal-to-noise ratio measured by the OTDR. The paper mainly expounds the principle of Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (C-OTDR) technology. The detected signal optical power is concentrated to the intermediate frequency by the coherent detection method, and most of the noise can be filtered out by band-pass filtering the frequency signal. It can continuously extend the detection distance through the EDFA. We also propose to use the frequency shift keying method to eliminate the optical surge problem caused by the cascade of multi-stage repeaters in long-distance transmission of submarine cables. Through the development of self-developed coherent optical time domain reflectmeter, the actual test of C-OTDR technology in the simulated submarine cable multi-span transmission system has reached 3 000 km, which fully meets practical conditions.

Since the Harvard Brain Death Criteria was published in 1968, many guidelines and diagnostic procedures of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria (BD/DNC) have been published throughout the world, and these determination criteria have been constantly revised and updated. The World Brain Death Project published the "Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria" in 2020 to unify clinical practice across countries and improve the rigorousness of BD/DNC determination. This article analyzes and interprets these "Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria" (version 2020) to clarify the concept of BD/DNC, the minimum clinical criteria for Determination of BD/DNC, ancillary testing, and the pediatric/neonatal BD/DNC, and to compare with the current practical guidance for determination of brain death in China, and analyze the differences between China and foreign countries, so as to provide reference for medical personnel in related professions in China. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.04.003

BACKGROUND In order to quickly identify and screen high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) grown synthetic diamonds, a lot of research about their luminescent and spectral characteristics has been done. However, the comparative analysis is lacking, and less attention is paid to electrical and magnetic properties. OBJECTIVES To summarize the spectral characteristics and investigate the electrical and magnetic properties of HPHT synthetic diamonds systematically. METHODS Conventional gemological observation, high precision spectroscopy and electrical conductivity and magnetism testing were used for comparative analysis of 49 colorless and yellow samples. RESULTS The residual metal catalysts, including iron, cobalt, and nickel, caused the ferromagnetism of diamonds. All of the HPHT synthetic diamond samples could be attracted by the magnetic bar with magnetic intensity up to 12000Gs. The colorless samples were type Ⅱa+Ⅱb diamonds. The presence of boron led to its good conductivity, and the conductivity increased with increased boron content. The yellow samples were Ib+IaA type diamonds, and about one-third of the single nitrogen was converted into A aggregate. The synthetic diamond had undergone high temperature annealing treatment after growth. The ubiquitous presence of boron, and the presence of nitrogen mainly as single atoms and A aggregates led to the characteristic infrared spectra of HPHT synthetic diamonds. HPHT synthetic diamonds often contained crystal lattice defects caused by impurity elements such as nitrogen, nickel and silicon, which led to characteristic photoluminescence spectra. Colorless samples showed strong blue-green fluorescence and phosphorescence, whereas yellow samples had green fluorescence, with obvious cube-octahedron patterns. CONCLUSIONS Spectral and luminescent characteristics are still an important basis for screening and identification of HPHT synthetic diamonds. HPHT synthetic diamonds under the current growth technology also have obvious differences from natural diamonds in both conductivity and magnetism, which can be used as an auxiliary basis for rapid identification.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of idiopathic intracranial hypertension （IIH）to improve the diagnosis rate. Methods Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging examination results and treatment outcomes of 153 patients with IIH hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2014 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical differences between subacute group (14 d to 3 months) and chronic group (> 3 months) were compared. Results One hundred and fifty⁃three cases (subacute group 94 cases and chronic group 59 cases) were observed. There were 37 males and 116 females (1 ∶3.14), 53 obses cases (34.64%), 67 overweight case(43.80%). The main clinical symptoms were visiual loss (77.78%, 119/153), transient visual obscuration (50.33%, 77/153), headache (45.10%, 69/153). Abnormal radiologic signs, including empty sella, distension of the perioptic subarachnoid space (DPSS) and transverse venous sinus stenosis(TVSS) were found in 98 cases(64.05%). Intracranial pressures (ICP) of 112 cases (73.20%) were above 30cmH2O. After treatments (138 cases underwent routine treatments and 15 cases underwent surgery treatments), 86.93% (133/153) patients achieved clinical improvement. The improvement rate of subacute group was significantly higher than that of chronic group [91.49% (86/94) vs. 79.66% (47/59); χ2=4.463, P=0.035]. The incidence of transient visual obscuration in subactue group was significantly lower than that in chronic group [42.55% (40/94) vs. 62.71% (37/59); χ2 =5.892, P =0.015]. No significant differtences of vision loss, headache, tinnitus, diplopia, abnormal image signs or ICP were deteced in patients between subacute group and chronic group. Conclusions IIH is one of the most important causes of vision loss and headache. Women in childbearing period and obese people are susceptible to IIH. Clinicians need to raise the awareness of IIH and give timely treatments. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.013

BACKGROUND Spectroscopic characteristics for brown colored Type Ⅱa diamonds treated by high pressure high temperature (HPHT) processes have been investigated extensively. However, almost no reports are available on the variation of the spectroscopic features for the type Ⅰa Cape series brown colored diamonds treated by HPHT processes. OBJECTIVES To help the laboratory to resolve the origin of yellow diamonds. METHODS The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the spectral features for the samples before and after each treatment. RESULTS The color of the diamonds changed from grayish brown to brownish yellow after the HPHT process. Meanwhile, the FTIR/UV-Vis absorption, as well as the photoluminescence was also greatly changed. Besides the 415nm and the 477nm absorption peaks, the treated diamonds also display H3 defect (503.2nm) and the gradually increasing absorption from 550nm to shortwave, resulted in the color changing from grayish brown to brownish yellow. In the mid-infrared region, the three peaks of 1498, 1520 and 1547cm-1 become a broad band centered at 1498cm-1 after treatment, and the photoluminescence spectrum displayed two distinct defects-H3 (503.2nm) and H2 (986.2nm). CONCLUSIONS The spectroscopic features provide a basis for accurate identification of HPHT-treated type Ⅰa Cape series brown diamonds in gem laboratories, and increase understanding of the variation mechanism of the nitrogen and hydrogen related lattice defects in the diamonds during the HPHT processes.

The installation of groynes along the riverbanks is a widely adopted practice in stream corridor restoration projects, aiming to create backflow zones (also known as dead-water zones) that can effectively enhance the river geomorphological diversity.The presence of low-velocity circulation pattern in dead-water zones can promote sediment deposition and nutrient accumulation, thus creating a conductive environment for the growth of aquatic plants. Simultaneously, it can also influence material transport and diffusion processes within rivers, which holds immense importance to river ecosystems.The mean residence time relationship for the dead-water zone with emergent vegetation is investigated here by using a combination of dimensional analysis and genetic algorithm. For vegetated deadwater zones, the factors influencng the mean residence time can be classified into three categories : the hydraulic characteristics of the mixing layer, the morphology features of side-cavities, and the drag effect caused by vegetation. Firstly, the parameter 1 +CDadc, which represents the obstructive impact of vegetation, is introduced via n theorem with reference to previous work. It should be noted that in the absence of vegetation, i.e., 1+CDad,=1, the material exchange activities are not affected by the canopy factor 1+CDad,. However, in the presence of vegetation, the equation 1+CDad.>1 suggests an influence on exchange processes. Secondly, other dominant factors, including the mainstream Froude number Fr which reflects the inlet flow intensity, as well as the three-dimensional shape factor (Wd)a5/L and the width-to-length ratio W/L, which reflect the morphological features of cavities, are identified through a comprehensive analysis and comparison. Then, the aforementioned four factors are used as independent variables to construct a general predictive model for the mean residence time in the vegetated cavity, i.e., a product model of power functions incorporating these four factors. Finally, based on 85 groups of data gathered from previous studies, the genetic program Eureqa is employed to train this general model, and subsequently, a mean residence time relationship is developed for vegetated dead-water zones. The evaluation on the coefficient of determination R and the mean absolute error MAE demonstrates that the present formula possesses good predictive ability, and the analysis of the value ranges of each factor reveals that this formula exhibits a broad range of applicability. In addition, based on a comparative analysis of the impact of the four factors on the model results, the cavity aspect ratio W/L is considered as a critical parameter that significantly influences water residence characteristics in dead-water zones and should be duly taken into account when relevant engineering designs are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Overgrowth diamond refers to the product of thick CVD synthetic diamond layer grown on a natural diamond with the whole appearance. Since overgrown diamonds contain information on the nitrogen impurities of natural diamonds, traditional synthetic diamond screening methods and testing procedures are no longer applicable to the detection of overgrown diamonds. OBJECTIVE To gemologically test an overgrowth diamond sample in order to investigate the full identification features and to propose the optimum detection strategy. METHODS Minspecting, screening instruments testing, UV-Vis/FTIR/PL spectra examinations, as well as fluorescence and phosphorescence observation under deep UV excitation are carried out. RESULTS The sample cannot be identified by traditional microscopic observation, diamond instrument screening, and infrared spectra measurement. The sample has a distinct boundary that is separated by different luminescence under DiamondViewTM. The upper layer displays red fluorescence and greenish blue phosphorescence, while the lower layer shows deep blue fluorescence and no phosphorescence. Infrared spectroscopic analysis shows that the upper layer is type Ⅱa and the lower layer is type Ⅰa diamond. The UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra confirmed the coexistence of N3 centers and a high level of[Si-V]- defects in the diamond. CONCLUSIONS It was confirmed that the lower part of the sample is natural and the upper part of the sample is CVD synthetic layer with a thickness around 740μm. The first overgrowth diamond reported domestically was compared to the same type of samples reported abroad. The existence of a boundary are missing and the thickness of the CVD layer increased significantly in this sample. The innovative application of the multidirectional luminescence imaging and spectroscopic analyses is the key to laboratory testing of overgrowth diamond.

Objective To analyze the operating points and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with HFS underwent MVD were analyzed retrospectively. The offending vessels included anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 32 cases (59.26%), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 11 cases (20.37%), vertebral artery (VA) in 5 cases (9.26%), both AICA and PICA in 6 cases (11.11%). Results After an average of 2 years of follow-up, 46 cases (85.19%) were completely relieved, 5 cases (9.26% ) were markedly relieved, 2 cases (3.70% ) were partially relieved, and one case (1.85% ) had no significant change. The total effective rate was 94.44% (51/54). There were 4 cases (7.41% ) with mild facial paralysis, 2 cases (3.70% ) with hearing loss, and 4 cases (7.41% ) with delayed resolution after operation, and no intracranial hematoma, intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or death occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusions MVD is effective and safe in the treatment of HFS. Adept operation skills, correct identification of offending vessels, and effective decompression are the key to successful operation. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring can be used to identify the effect of operation and reduce postoperative complications. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.10.012

The surface of 20CrMnTi steel was strengthened by the square-spot laser shock peening(LSP) with 25J and 30J pulse energy. The layered style morphology, roughness, micro-hardness and residual compressive stress of the strengthened sample surface by LSP were test. The polarization curve and the corrosion morphology were investigated. The results show that, plastic deformation occurs in the surface after square-spot LSP, the surface roughness Ra of the specimens reduces to 0.433μm, and micro-hardness improves, great residual compressive stress is formed. The appropriate laser power density of LSP increases the density of the strengthened layer and passive film on the surface, and the transverse residual compressive stress makes the passive film more stable, and improves the corrosion resistance of materials. But the too large laser power density will cause the generation of pit defects in the material surface and the ablation of Al foil. Thus the Cl- is accumulated at the pit defects, the local tensile stress is generate on the surface of the material, and the surface passive film on the material is destroyed, and degrade the performance of corrosion resistance of the material.

Research on different types of brown diamonds under high temperature and high pressure and their structural characteristics is one of the most difficult and important issues in diamond research. Previous studies on hydrogen-rich diamond mainly focused on its special growth structure and the formation environment, but rarely on the characteristics of hydrogen-rich diamond after high temperature and high pressure treatment. The spectral characteristics of the hydrogen-rich diamonds before and after high temperature and high pressure treatment, including Infrared Spectra, UV-vis Absorption Spectra, and Photoluminescence Spectra were compared and their identification characteristics were studied. Results show that the spectroscopic features are different for the samples before and after the high temperature and high pressure treatment, epecially for infrared spectra. Absorption peaks related to H and N at 3310 cm-1, 3232 cm-1, 3189 cm-1 weakened obviously or even disappeared. Moreover, the absorption peak at 2688 cm-1 related to isolated nitrogen appeared. In the UV-Vis absorption spectrum, the non-selective absorption in treated brown diamonds became the typical isolated nitrogen absorption, which means that the absorption of 550 nm to shortwave and the absorption of the center of N3 (415 nm) increased obviously. Therefore, the diamond changed from the original brown to yellow. The photoluminescence spectra before and after treatment of diamonds also vary with the types of nitrogen-related defects, peak intensities, and defect combinations. The spectral characteristics obtained not only provide a basis for the accurate identification of yellow, hydrogen-rich diamonds treated by high temperature and high pressure, but also provide a theoretical basis for explaining the change mechanism of hydrogen-and nitrogen-related lattice defects under high temperature.

Melee-sized colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds mixed with natural diamonds in jewellery have been reported by gem testing laboratory. It was noted that the differences of the fluorescence and phosphorescence between natural and synthetic diamonds are the key features for quick screening in mixed diamonds. However, it is difficult to completely distinguish the two only by the differences of fluorescence and phosphorescence. In this paper, 5 colorless gem-quality HPHT synthetic diamonds were systematically investigated and characterized using mutiple spectroscopic techniques, together with traditional gem testing techniques. It was found that 5 samples display no, or weak, 270 nm absorption band at the UV-Vis spectra, and the lower the color grade, the stronger the 270 nm absorption band. Infrared absorption spectra showed that all samples contain boron. The photoluminescence spectra revealed that the colorless HPHT synthetic diamonds contain N, Ni or Si-related lattice defects. Under irradiation of the ultra-short wavelength light, all samples phosphoresced strongly with blue-green color. Typical octahedral and cubic growth patterns can be clearly observed under the DiamondViewTM imaging system. Although there are some differences between the samples, the HPHT synthetic diamonds can be accurately identified through careful analysis combining all features, particularly the spectral charateristics of phosphorescence and fluorescence, FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectra.

In order to simulate low vacuum experimental environment,Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.91 alloy round bars were prepared through melting with Tb, Dy and Fe elements, directional solidification and heat treatment in low vacuum environment. The magnetostriction of the alloy rods was tested. The microstructures and the causes of defects in the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that under the low vacuum experimental environment, there are plenty of twin dendritic lamellar microstructures and ordinary twin microstructures are generated in alloy, among which the mechanical properties and "jump" effect of twin dendritic lamellar structures are good, while the ordinary twins are bad to the magnetostrictive property in the alloy. REFe2 and REFe3 coupling phase is the main phase in the matrix, the burning loss of rare earth elements lead variations in chemical composition, resulting coupling growth with REFe3 phase and REFe2 phase. The thermal stress and the burning loss of rare earth elements segregate at grain boundaries resulting in the presence of micro-cracks and micro-holes. These microstructures and defects generate bad impact on mechanical properties and magnetostriction of TbDyFe alloy rods.

In nuclear forensics the amount of Pb to be analyzed is usually in the order of several nanograms; that is >10-3 of ionization efficiency is required for mass spectrometry measurements. The traditional silica-gel-phosphoric acid loading technique is typically used to measure microgram amounts of Pb, and the ionization efficiency is in the order of 10-4-10-3. Although the boron-silica gel technique could increase the ionization efficiency to 10-3 or higher, it is also difficult to handle measurement conditions as the ion flow repeatedly increased and decay process in the ionization of Pb resulting in the ion emission instability. A new silica gel-perrhenic acid loading reagent method has been developed and exhibits a significant enhancement in the ionization efficiency of Pb. Compared with the boron-silica gel technique, the emission of Pb ions is very stable with this new technique. The measurement Relative Standard Deviation of 204Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb was 0.4%, 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively from 1 ng of pb, which is an improvement over the precision with other silica gel techniques. The enhancement effect on the ion emission of Pb was compared with the silica gel-perrhenic acid and some other traditional silica gel techniques. The reagent amount of the silica gel was optimized to 0.5-3.0 μL and the ‘sandwich biscuit’ loading sequence was used. The ionization efficiency of the Pb reached 6.0×10-3-4.6×10-2 for 1100 ng Pb. The ionization efficiency was close to the boron-silica gel technique, whereas it was about ten times higher than the traditional silica gel-phosphoric acid technique. A stable ion current was obtained by use of the silica gel-perrhenic acid technique, and the measurement accuracy meets the requirements for region indicators on nuclear forensic analysis.

In view of problem that current switched reluctance drive systems are lack of friendly human machine interface to display running state of the system and set given parameters, the paper proposed a design scheme of human machine interface of switched reluctance drive system based on simplified ModBus communication protocol. It gave general structure of the switched reluctance drive system, and introduced design of serial communication circuit and communication program in the human machine interface. Debugging result shows that the human machine interface runs stably and realizes functions of friendly display and online parameters modification for the switched reluctance drive system.

When main ventilator of mine is switching, high outburst mines will appear over-limit phenomenon of gas concentration in short blowing-out time of switching ventilator. To solve the problem, the paper proposed three switching ventilator control schemes without blowing-out of main ventilator of mine, namely switching ventilator control scheme of speed adjustment of main ventilator of mine, switching ventilator control scheme of adjusting wind resistance by air door and switching ventilator control scheme of installing louver air door at entrance of ventilator. It determined the switching ventilator control scheme without blowing-out implemented by installing louver air door at entrance of ventilator is the most reasonable after comparing advantages and disadvantages of the three schemes. It introduced implementation and application of the scheme in the fifth coal mine of Pingdingshan Mining Group. The actual application showed that operation effect of the scheme reaches expected target.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) to improve the diagnosis rate. Methods Epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging examination results and treatment outcomes of 153 patients with IIH hospitalized in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2014 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical differences between subacute group (14 d to 3 months) and chronic group (> 3 months) were compared. Results One hundred and fifty-three cases (subacute group 94 cases and chronic group 59 cases) were observed. There were 37 males and 116 females (1 :3.14), 53 obses cases (34.64%), 67 overweight case (43.80%). The main clinical symptoms were visiual loss (77.78%, 119/153), transient visual obscuration (50.33%, 77/153), headache (45.10%, 69/153). Abnormal radiologic signs, including empty sella, distension of the perioptic subarachnoid space (DPSS) and transverse venous sinus stenosis (TVSS) were found in 98 cases (64.05%). Intracranial pressures (ICP) of 112 cases (73.20%) were above 30 cm H2O. After treatments (138 cases underwent routine treatments and 15 cases underwent surgery treatments), 86.93% (133/153) patients achieved clinical improvement. The improvement rate of subacute group was significantly higher than that of chronic group [91.49% (86/94) vs. 79.66% (47/59); χ² = 4.463, P = 0.035]. The incidence of transient visual obscuration in subactue group was significantly lower than that in chronic group [42.55% (40/94) vs. 62.71% (37/59); χ² = 5.892, P = 0.015]. No significant differtences of vision loss, headache, tinnitus, diplopia, abnormal image signs or ICP were deteced in patients between subacute group and chronic group. Conclusions IIH is one of the most important causes of vision loss and headache. Women in childbearing period and obese people are susceptible to IIH. Clinicians need to raise the awareness of IIH and give timely treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the operating points and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with HFS underwent MVD were analyzed retrospectively. The offending vessels included anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in 32 cases (59.26%), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in 11 cases (20.37%), vertebral artery (VA) in 5 cases (9.26%), both AICA and PICA in 6 cases (11.11%). Results After an average of 2 years of follow-up, 46 cases (85.19%) were completely relieved, 5 cases (9.26%) were markedly relieved, 2 cases (3.70%) were partially relieved, and one case (1.85%) had no significant change. The total effective rate was 94.44% (51/54). There were 4 cases (7.41%) with mild facial paralysis, 2 cases (3.70% ) with hearing loss, and 4 cases (7.41% ) with delayed resolution after operation, and no intracranial hematoma, intracranial infection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or death occurred during the perioperative period. Conclusions MVD is effective and safe in the treatment of HFS. Adept operation skills, correct identification of offending vessels, and effective decompression are the key to successful operation. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring can be used to identify the effect of operation and reduce postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the problems which F16 thrust fault can easily cause rockburst in the deep mining of the eastern mining area in Gengcun Mine, the evolution law of surrounding rock stress field was studied as the increasing of mining depth and approaching to the F16 fault by using numerical calculation and similar material experiment. Research results show that the degree of surrounding rock stress concentration becomes higher as the increasing of mining depth and approaching to the F16 fault. The fault footwall rock occurs torsion easily in an uncertain axis under the action of superposition that horizontal thrust of fault upper wall rock, the gravity of overburden rock and glide force of goaf's rock mass, and rockburst hazard increased. It is determined comprehensively that rockburst occurred pattern is high stress and large range, regional instability under the influence of F16 trust fault and mining field boundary coal pillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective It has been proven that ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) expression level was closely related to gemcitabine drug-resistance to tumor cells. The aim of this study is to explore the relations between RRM1 protein expression levels and effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods The expressions of RRM1 in 75 advanced NSCLC tissues were qualitatively detected by immunohistochemical methods. Seventy-five patients had received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy regimen. General characteristics of patients, response to treatment, efficacy evaluation and survival time were retrospectively investigated. Differences between the groups were statistically analysed by chi-square test. Survival differences were analysed by temporal inspection and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results RRM1 protein expression rate was 38.7%. RRM1 protein expression had no obvious relationship with gender, age, smoking status, and the clinical stages and histopathological types (P>0.05). Response rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (31.3%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression groups (41.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). 1-year survival rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (27.6%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (58.7%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). No significant different of median survival was observed between RMM1 protein high expression group and low expression group (P>0.245). Time to progression in RRM1 protein high expression groups (3.10 months) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (5.11 months), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.042). Conclusion RRM1 protein expression levels are closely related to effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The shockwave generated by rock burst in coal mine spreads from the surrounding rock to the surface of roadway. Supporting structure suffered severe damage and even failure under the action of the strong stress waves. Adopting hydraulic slotting, blasting, anchoring, grouting and other artificial regulation measures, changing the physical and mechanical properties of roadway surrounding rock near the layered structure, forming the layered structure with different strength can enhance the ability that the surrounding rock attenuates and scatter to the shockwave, thereby reducing the bracing structure damage. In this paper, by applying the ANSYS/LS-DYNA nonlinear explicit dynamic finite element program, simulated 5 different structure types of artificial regulation of stress wave to reveal the effects on dissipative shock. The results show that; when the overall strength of roadway surrounding rock is uniformity, the energy dissipation is weak, impact stress wave makes the roadway vibrate violently, supporting structure will be destroyed for the strong impact force; by applying artificial regulation technology, layered rock is formed with different stratified structure, getting the strong energy dissipation capacity, greatly reducing the impact stress wave vibration frequency and amplitude, supporting structures subjected to impact force decrease obviously, improves the global stability. The artificial regulation of surrounding rock technology effectively reduce the impact pressure vibration and impact stress wave intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the supporting problems of the rockburst in coal mine which cannot be effectively dealt with by current support theories and methods, two new support methods that increasing support stiffness and rapid energy-absorption support were proposed, based on studying of surrounding rocks and support dynamic response in the rockburst. Hydraulic support, which consists of high strength bracket beams and powerful working resistance props, was proposed to be applied to increase support stiffness; whereas foam metal materials and energy-absorption components which are able to absorb energy rapidly in a stable manner, were exploited to form an organic and anti-impact supporting system in collaboration with other rigid supports. So a new kind of anti-impact and energy-absorption hydraulic support was designed to solve the supporting problem of rockburst in coal mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the current research status that precursory information is difficult to be identified and extracted during the failure process of coal containing gas loading, the acousto-charge monitoring device of coal containing gas loading has been developed by the authors to obtain the acoustic emission and charge precursory information in whole loading process. The experimental results show the acousto-charge monitor system can capture charge and acoustic emission signal generated by coal containing gas. Part of charge signal changes ahead of acoustic emission signal during the process of loading. Acousto-charge signal is related to crack propagation of inner coal. Free charge and the acoustic emission produced in coal have essential difference. The former is produced under the comprehensive additive effect of piezoelectric effect,friction effect, charge separation because of new surface produced by microfracture, gas migration carrying charge and so on, however, the latter is the process of inner coal crack propagation and release strain energy in pulse wave form. The study demonstrates that the application of acousto-charge monitoring technology to mine dynamic disaster early warning is feasible through the division of acousto-charge precursory information abnormal area of coal containing gas under failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the mine ventilation system becoming more and more complex,the traditional calculation methods have difficulty in meeting the requirements of network solution. It's of significance to develop a quick algorithm for calculating complex wind network. The theory of network solution of circuit air-quantity method was systematically and thoroughly studied. Also, the limitation of the existing ventilation network solution was analyzed. An improved network solution based on Scott-Hinsley method was put forward. With a high convergence rate,this algorithm can solve the problems of ventilation network including unidirectional circuit and the network solution problems of complex ventilation system. BFS method was used to improve the structure of the spanning tree,and the divided circuit was faster by using Double-Access method. Achieving the fixed half cut set of air distribution in ventilation network,the algorithm can automatically distribute air according to demands. The failure cause of circuit air-quantity network solution with the unidirectional circuits was analyzed. The algorithm proposed can solve the problems of ventilation network including unidirectional circuit by modifying its search strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of normal excitation or freewheeling often occurs when power converter is damaged. The fault type was then analyzed in an asymmetric half-bridge converter, applied to a 12/8 switched reluctance drive (SRD). The analytical solution of the phase winding current was obtained by formula derivation under normal and fault conditions. Detailed discussions were presented about the amplitude changes of the DC bus current and its digital analysis results under different work conditions. The short-circuit and open-circuit fault detect method of transistors was also proposed, which was connected to the voltage pulse width modulation ( PWM) signals and the DC bus current. A model was used to build the pattern of the power converter of SRD system and the simulation has been implemented with mat-lab. The short-circuit and open-circuit fault simulation result of transistors are agreement with the theoretical analysis results. The detect method can identify the fault phase and determine the fault type. As a result,it has been proved that the method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the self-developed charge-induced equipment, the experimental researched effects of different confining pressure and pore pressure on charge signal during deformation and fracture of coal containing gas under triaxial compression. The results show that as the pore pressure increases, the charge induction signal weakened when the confining pressure is a certain value. The pore pressure plays a weak effect role in the charge induction signal produced during the coal sample deformation and fracture process. As confining pressure increases, the charge induction signal enhanced when the pore pressure is a certain value. The confining pressure plays an enhancement effect role in the charge induction signal produced during the coal samples deformation and fracture process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using devices to test drillings temperature, drillings temperature in the course of drilling was got, and a new way to test coal intensity was formulated. Experiment results show that relations between coal intensity and the temperature, temperature gradient of drilling cuttings are nearly linear, when coal-mass of different intensity is drilled down to the same depth at the same rate;the temperature gradient is almost equal and independent with coal intensity when stop drilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important anthropometric characteristic, human height not only contributes to the recognition of other anthropological characteristics and genetic risk factors, but also is an important part of forensic DNA phenotyping studies. Accurate estimation of height can provide more complete information about the phenotype of suspects and provide help to solve cases. In recent years, having benefited from the rapid development of molecular biological techniques and bioinformatics, height-related genetics research has made some progress. This paper describes the research progress of human height estimation from the genetic variation and the epigenetic inheritance perspectives and looks into the future research direction.

Background and Objective: The survival rate of lung cancer is low, thus new methods for treating this form of cancer must be explored. This study applies immune therapy with metronomic chemotherapy to observe the effect of combined therapy on suppressing tumor., Methods: Mice were inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Different treatments, namely, saline, metronomic chemotherapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccine, and metronomic chemotherapy with DC vaccine were administered to corresponding mice groups. Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected via microdialysis and Luminex., Results: The median survival time of mice in the metronomic chemotherapy with DC vaccine group was (27.6±3.2) days, whereas that in the saline group was (13.5±2.7) days (P=0.008), that in the DC) vaccine group was (13.1±2.3) days (P=0.01), and that in the metronomic chemotherapy group was (11.8±3.0) days (P=0.01). The mice in the metronomic chemotherapy with DC vaccine group exhibited longer survival time than the mice in the other groups. This result could be related to the downregulation of VEGF secretion in the tumor-bearing mice groups within 48 h to 72 h., Conclusions: VEGF secretion could be downregulated in tumor-bearing mice by administering metronomic chemotherapy with DC vaccine.

Objective: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pen2 gene and late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in North Chinese population., Methods: The genotypes of ApoE and Pen2 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing respectively in 480 LOAD patients and 480 healthy controls. The strength of association between polymorphisms and AD was estimated with odds ratios (OR)., Results: The genotype of IVS2 + 335T < A was obtained. There was an association between IVS2 + 335T < A and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes (P = 0.002). In the subjects with APOEε 4 allele, there were significant differences in the distribution of alleles (P = 0.003) and genotypes (P = 0.007) between AD and control groups. The ORs (95% confidence interval (CI)) of allele A and T/A + A/A genotypes were 4.720 (1.517 - 10.654) and 3.886 (1.381 - 10.932) respectively with allele T and genotype T/T as references., Conclusion: An association exists between IVS2 + 335T < A and the development of LOAD in ApoEε 4 carriers within the northern Chinese population. And allele A of Pen 2 gene may increase the risk for LOAD.

Objective: To observe the histopathological features of posttransplant complications for hepatic allografts and evaluate their biopsy values., Methods: From January 1999 to May 2011, a total of 268 percutaneous hepatic allograft biopsies were conducted in 207 recipients and the diagnostic procedures for staining, classification and staging performed according to the Banff schema and Chinese Schema on hepatic allograft rejection., Results: Among them, there were ischemia/reperfusion injury (n = 26, 9.7%), acute T cell-mediated rejection (n = 83, 31.0%), acute antibody-mediated rejection (n = 12, 4.5%), chronic posttransplantation rejection (n = 31, 11.6%), immunosuppressive-induced liver injury (n = 70, 26.1%) and recurrent diseases (n = 18, 6.7%). Acute T cell-mediated rejection and drug-induced liver injury were two most common causes of allograft dysfunctions., Conclusion: Percutaneous hepatic allograft biopsy is valuable for the diagnosis and evaluation of various posttransplantation complications.

Background and Objective: It has been proven that ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) expression level was closely related to gemcitabine drug-resistance to tumor cells. The aim of this study is to explore the relations between RRM1 protein expression levels and effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients., Methods: The expressions of RRM1 in 75 advanced NSCLC tissues were qualitatively detected by immunohistochemical methods. Seventy-five patients had received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy regimen. General characteristics of patients, response to treatment, efficacy evaluation and survival time were retrospectively investigated. Differences between the groups were statistically analysed by chi-square test. Survival differences were analysed by temporal inspection and Kaplan-Meier survival curves., Results: RRM1 protein expression rate was 38.7%. RRM1 protein expression had no obvious relationship with gender, age, smoking status, and the clinical stages and histopathological types (P > 0.05). Response rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (31.3%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression groups (41.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). 1-year survival rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (27.6%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (58.7%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). No significant different of median survival was observed between RMM1 protein high expression group and low expression group (P >0.245). Time to progression in RRM1 protein high expression groups (3.10 months) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (5.11 months), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.042)., Conclusions: RRM1 protein expression levels are closely related to effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients.

Objective: To summarize the histopathological features of posttransplant complications for renal allografts and evaluate the biopsy values., Methods: Between January 1997 and May 2010, a total of 1712 percutaneous renal allograft biopsies were performed in 1500 kidney transplants and diagnostic procedures for staining, classification and staging had been performed according to the Banff 1997 and 2005 Schema., Results: There were 213 (14.2%) cases of acute T cell-mediated rejection post transplantation in 1500 kidney transplants. Meanwhile there were 36 (2.4%) cases of acute antibody-mediated rejection. Chronic T cell-mediated rejection and chronic antibody-mediated rejection were 251 (16.7%) cases and 45 (3.0%) cases, respectively. Acute CNI-nephrotoxicity and chronic CNI-nephrotoxicity were 106 (7.1%)cases and 251 (16.7%) cases, respectively. Relapsed or new nephropathy were 6 (0.4%) cases. Chronic CNI-nephrotoxicity is the most common cause of allograft dysfunction in the long survival recipients., Conclusion: Percutaneous renal allograft biopsy is valuable for the diagnosis of various posttransplantation complications.

Background and Objective: Until now, there are still some questions that chemotherapy could block cancer immunologic escape or not. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of paclitaxel in the blocking of immunologic escape in 3LL bearing mice., Methods: MHC class I components were detected by FACS antibodies TAP-1 and TAP-2 in 3LL group and 3LL pretreated with 5*10(-8) mmol/L paclitaxel. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: tumor -bearing group, paclitaxel-treating group and tumor-free group. 3LL cells (0.3*10(6)) were injected via tail vein of mice. On day 8, paclitaxel (0.012 5 mg) was injected subcutaneously in the treatment group. On day 21, murine lung cells were suspended. With FACS triple staining, we analyzed expression of Treg in each group., Results: The expression of TAP-1 (5.68%+/-0.65%), TAP-2 (89.54%+/-4.8%) was remarkably higher in paclitaxel-pretreating 3LL group than that in 3LL bearing mice group with TAP-1 (1.93%+/-0.25%), TAP-2 (67.78%+/-5.08%), P=0.006, P=0.036 respectively. The expression of regulatory T cells (Treg) in tumor bearing mice was significantly higher (25.46%+/-2.23%) than that of in normal mice (12.46%+/-1.21%) (P < 0.001). Expression of Treg in paclitaxel treated mice was remarkably inhibited (17.53%+/-1.24%) compared with that in 3LL bearing mice group (P=0.004)., Conclusions: Paclitaxel may block immunologic escape in the treatment of 3LL bearing mice partly through up-regulation TAP-1, TAP-2 and eliminating Treg cells.

Objective: To study the anti-influenza A virus effects of traditional Chinese medicine Kanggan granules in chicken embryo and BALB/c mice., Methods: The influenza A virus (H(1)N(1), FM1) was used in the experiments. FM1 was cultured in chicken embryo and the anti-FM1 activity of Kanggan granules was evaluated through the post-medication hemagglutination titer of FM1. In animal test, 120 healthy BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, normal control, virus control, ribavirin, high-dosage, middle-dosage and low-dosage. The FM1 infection model was established by dripping FM1 into nasal cavity and then the appropriate treatments were prescribed. The effective anti- FM1 indices of Kanggan granules included survival status, protective percentage of death and life elongation percentage of mice infected with FM1., Results: The high and middle doses of Kanggan granules could inhibit the replication of FM1 remarkably in chicken embryo, and could reduced hemagglutination titer to 5 and 3 times. In animal experiments, all mice treated with Kanggan granules could improve the general status of infected mice, the protective percentages of death were 35.0% to 55.0%, the life elongation percentages were 73.0% to 88.9% and the minimal effective dose was 3.00 g/kg., Conclusion: Kanggan granules can inhibit the replication of influenza A virus and protect the mice infected with FM1.

Objective: To study the effects of capsaicin on the growth of bladder cancer RT4 cell and its potential mechanism., Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were employed to observe the effects of capsaicin (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 micromol/L) on cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis. Capsaicin (0 micromol/L) was used as a control. The effects of mRNA and protein of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V 1 (TRPV1) on RT4 cells were tested by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence respectively. And the expressions of cell cycle protein P53, P21, CDK2 were detected by Western blot after the treatment of capsaicin., Results: 100 micromol/L capsaicin significantly decreased the viability of RT4 cell [82.0% +/- 6.2% vs 100.0% +/- 12.4% (control), P = 0.036] while the cell viability was 7.8% +/- 2.9% at 250 micromol/L (P = 0.000). It was in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, capsaicin induced the cell cycle arrest of bladder cancer RT4 cells G(0)/G(1) phase in a dose-dependent way. The cell proportion of G(0)/G(1) phase in the control was 37.4% +/- 5.6%, however, it was 72.4% +/- 5.3% at 250 micromol/L (P = 0.000). It was showed that TRPV1 mRNA and protein were expressed in RT4 cells. After a 48-hour treatment with capsaicin, the expressions of P53 and P21 were up-regulated in contrary to the expression of CDK2., Conclusion: Capsaicin induces the cell cycle arrest of bladder cancer RT4 cells G(0)/G(1) phase and growth inhibition via TRPV1 receptor by modulating the expression of P53, P21 and CDK2.

Objective: To study the relationship between lumbar degenerative disease and morbidity of primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis., Methods: The clinical data of 115 unilateral knee osteoarthritis patients and 119 bilateral knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing TKR (total knee replacement) at our hospital in 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. According to clinical signs of lumbar degenerative disease and radiological changes, these patients were divided into upper/lower/whole/none lumbar degenerative disease group respectively. chi(2) test was performed to compare the difference of lumbar degenerative conditions between unilateral knee osteoarthritis and bilateral knee osteoarthritis patients., Results: The morbidity side of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion or nerve root canal stenosis in primary unilateral osteoarthritis patients was the same as the morbidity side of primary unilateral osteoarthritis. Lumbar degenerative disease morbidity [(34 + 20 + 15)/115 = 60%] of primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis was higher than that [(3 + 5 + 4 + 6 + 19)/119 = 31.1%] of primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis (chi(2) = 19.723, P = 0.000);Upper lumbar degenerative disease morbidity (34/115 = 29.6%)of primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis was higher than that [(3 + 5)/119 = 6.7%] of primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis, (chi(2) = 20.720, P = 0.000); lower lumbar degenerative disease morbidity (20/115 = 17.4%)of primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis was higher than that [(4 + 6)/119 = 8.4%] of primary bilateral knee osteoarthritis (chi(2) = 4.227, P = 0.040); there was no difference for whole lumbar degenerative disease morbidity between primary unilateral and bilateral knee osteoarthritis patients (chi(2) = 0.402, P = 0.526)., Conclusion: The primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis morbidity is correlated with lumbar degenerative disease for the same elder patient. Upper lumbar degenerative disease can induce the incidence and aggravation of primary unilateral knee osteoarthritis; the flexion deformity of primary knee osteoarthritis may cause the aggravation of lower lumbar degenerative disease, even upper lumbar degenerative disease.

Objective: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signal pathway in brain ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxia preconditioning (HP)., Methods: 160 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) group (n = 54, subjected to ACA for 4 min and then resuscitation), HP + ACA group [n = 44, subjected to apnea and ventilation (HP) for 1 min 4 times with an interval of 5 min between each 2 times, and then subjected to apnea for 4 min and resuscitation 24 h later), HP group (n = 42, subjected to HP 4 times only), and sham operation group (Group C, n = 20). The mortality within 24 h after resuscitation and circulatory functions were observed. Neurodeficit score (NDS) was recorded 24, 48, and 72 hours after successful resuscitation. Rats were killed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after preconditioning or operation to take out the left brain cortex. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of TLR4. The levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-6 were detected by relevant kits., Results: The mortality of the HP + ACA group was 5%, significantly lower than that of ACA group (30%, P < 0.01). The NDS levels at different time points of the HP group and Group C were all 100 +/- 0. The NDS levels of the HP + ACA group and ACA group at different time points were all significantly lower than those of the control group and HP group (all P < 0.01). The NDS levels at different time points of the ACA group were all significantly lower than those of the HP + ACA group (all P < 0.05). The NDS levels 72 h later of the HP + ACA and ACA groups were both significantly higher than those 24 h later of the corresponding groups (both P < 0.05). The TLR4 mRNA expression of the control group at any time points were all very weak, and the TLR4 mRNA expression level of the other groups increased since 1 h after hypoxia gradually and decreased 72 h later. The NFkappaB expression levels of the control group at any time points were all very weak, and the NFkappaB expression level of the other groups increased time-dependently since 1 h later, peaked 3 - 6 h later, and began to decrease 24 h later. There was a tendency of increase of NFkappaB expression level in the order of HP group < HP + ACA group < ACA group. The expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 showed the same tendency as seen in the expression of TLR2 and NFkappaB., Conclusion: HP induces brain ischemic tolerance via a possible mechanism of activating TLR4 signal pathway and then inhibiting inflammatory response induced by ACA.

Objective: To investigate whether transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) can induce in vitro alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and whether Smad7 gene transfer can block this transition and the possible signaling mechanism., Methods: Rat alveolar type II epithelial cells of the line RLE-6TN were cultured. TGF beta1 (3 ng/mL) was added into the culture fluid. Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect Smad7 gene to the RLE-6TN cells. The expression of the markers of the epithelial cells, including E-cadherin and cytokeratin-19 (CK19), and markers of mesenchymal cells, including fibronectin (FN), vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were assayed using Western blotting and real-time PCR. The morphological alterations were examined by phase-contrast microscope while the ultrastructure changes were examined by electron microscope., Results: Smad7 was successfully transfected to the RLE-6TN cells. Before transfection TGF-beta1 treatment could lead to the expression upregulation of the mesenchymal markers and downregulation of the epithelial markers at the levels of both mRNA and protein, and after transfection, the mesenchymal makers were downregulated while the epithelial markers were upregulated. Before the transfection, TGF-beta1 treatment could lead to the expression upregulation of phosphorylated Smad2/3 which did not obvious change following transfection. TGF beta1 treatment could induce the EMT process of the RLE-6TN cells. Smad7 gene transfected into the RLE-6TN cells could block the process of EMT. Exposed of the RLE-6TN cells to TGF beta1 resulted in degeneration, tumefaction, and gradual disappearance of the osmiophilic multilamellar bodies, markers of type II alveolar epithelial cells., Conclusion: Under TGF beta1 treatment, RLE-6TN undergoes a conversion process into myofibroblasts in vitro with the conversion mechanism related to Smad signaling pathway, and transfection of Smad7 gene can partly reverse this process.

Objective: To construct protein fingerprints in serum and to early diagnose chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) using surface enhanced laser ionization/desorption-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS)., Methods: Serum protein spectra were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS and weak cation exchange (CM10), which were from long-term survival patients with well-functioning kidney allograft (LS) (n = 24) and CAN (n = 15), and then biomarkers were screened through the analysis of database with Biomarker Wizard and Biomarker Pattern softwares., Results: 78 protein peaks of interest were generated in each sample, 18 protein spectra statistically show difference between LS and CAN (P < 0.05), 6 of which (m/z 2476.0, 3078.7, 3190.5, 4076.5, 4506.0, 6178.4) statistically show significant difference (P < 0.01), a single biomarker (m/z 3078.7) differentiated LTS and CAN (P = 0.0001), it was upregulated in the former and downregulated in the latter, its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 81.8% respectively. Its cost-effective value is 0.307., Conclusion: Establishment of protein fingerprint signature in serum by SELDI-TOF-MS is clinically predictive of CAN.