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Traumatic central nervous system injury can cause imbalance in intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis by disrupting intestinal barrier function, while the disturbed intestinal microenvironment can react on the central nervous system and aggravate the secondary injury of it. A large number of studies suggest that the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of traumatic central nervous system injury and can be an important target for the action of central nervous system injury. This paper reviews the structural and functional changes of intestinal microbial, chemical, mechanical and immune barriers after traumatic central nervous system injury and their bidirectional interaction with the central nervous system, summarizes the possible mechanisms leading to the disruption of intestinal barrier, including malnutrition, ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammatory response and the release of neurotransmitters and hormones, to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the development of research on the intestinal microenvironment after traumatic central nervous injury.

This paper summarized the meticulous nursing in fluid management of a patient with chronic heart failure. Meticulous nursing interventions of fluid management including limiting salt intake, patterns of fluid intake, usage of diuretics, monitoring of body weight and urine volume, edema care, psychological care and exercise guidance. Meticulous nursing of fluid management was carried out to make an active participation in self-management, and improve the cardiac function and quality of life. (本文总结1例慢性心力衰竭患者容量管理的精细化护理经验。针对患者进行限盐、液体摄入方式、利尿剂应用方式、体质量及尿量监测、水肿护理、心理干预、运动指导等精细化容量管理方式, 使患者主动积极参与自我管理, 改善患者心功能, 提高患者生活质量。)

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases is increasing with the aggravation of global aging. Studies show that neurodegenerative diseases could be prevented or delayed by intermittent fasting (IF) regulating metabolic pathways, and the mechanism of action may be associated with improved mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis by IF. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early marker of brain aging and neurodegeneration. These suggest that IF, mitochondria, and neurodegenerative diseases may be closely correlated. We reviewed the improvement effects of IF on neurodegenerative diseases, the important role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases, the regulation of IF on mitochondrial function, and the effects of excessive calorie intake on neurons and mitochondrial function, and summarized that IF could improve mitochondrial function, while excessive calorie intake could damage the neurons and mitochondrial function. Future research could continue to focus on the mechanism of action and metabolism signal pathway of IF improving neurodegenerative diseases, which may be favorable to the determination of the proper window period for intervention, and the development of alternative targeted drug therapy, thereby assisting clinical application of IF.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-200c-5p on malignant proliferation of human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Methods Human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was transfected with miR-200c-5p mimic/inhibitor and negative control agent respectively. The expression of miR-200c-5p was detected by qPCR, and the effects of miR-200c-5p on the proliferation activity and clonogenesis ability of colorectal cancer cells were detected by CCK-8 and foci formation experiment. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the differential target genes and related pathways of miR-200c-5p in human colorectal cancer. Results Transient transfection with miR-200c-5p mimic/inhibitor succeeded in high/low expression of miR-200c-5p (P＜0.05). The proliferation of cells with high expression of miR-200c-5p was significantly inhibited as compare to that of controls(P＜0.05). The clone-formation rate of miR-200c-5p cells with high expression was significantly lower than that of untransfected cells, while the clone-formation rate of miR-200c-5p cells with low expression was the opposite (P＜0.05). CXCL10, the target gene of miR-200c-5p, was significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer, while C2orf72, ZC3H12C and DST were significantly down-regulated. The most significant KEGG pathways were “melanoma”, “microRNAs in cancer” and “bladder cancer”. Conclusions miR-200c-5p inhibits the proliferation and clonal formation of human colorectal cancer cell line SW480, which is related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer.

AIM: To explore the roles and associations of hepatocyte nuc lear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) and mu-protocadherin (MUCDHL) in the kidney of diabetic mice. METHODS: (1) A cohort of six 12-week-old db/m mice and six db/db mice were selected and maintained on a standard diet until 16 weeks. The protein levels of fibronectin (FN), collagen type III (Col-III), E-cadherin, a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), HNF4A, Snail and MUCDHL in renal tissues were scrutinized using Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to observe the distribution and expression of FN, HNF4A and MUCDHL. (2) Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTEC) were cultured in vitro and categorized into groups: normal glucose (NG) group, high glucose (HG) group, overexpression control groups (NG+vector and HG+vector), overexpression groups (NG+OE-MUCDHL, HG+OE-MUCDHL, NG+OE-HNF4A and HG+OE-HNF4A), knockdown control groups (NG+control and HG+control), and knockdown groups (NG+si-MUCDHL, HG+si-MUCDHL, NG+si-HNF4A and HG+si-HNF4A). The relevant protein levels were also detected by Western blot. RESULTS: (1) In db/db group, elevated body weight, blood glucose and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) indicated significant renal injury. Compared with db/m group, the mice in db/db group exhibited increased expression of FN, Col-III, a -SMA and Snail, and decreased expression of E-cadherin, HNF4A and MUCDHL. MUCDHL was predominantly expressed in the apical membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells, FN in the tubular mesenchyme, and HNF4A in the plasma and nucleus of renal tubular cells. (2) In HG group, there was an up-regulation in the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and a down-regulation in the expression of E-cadherin, HNF4A and MUCDHL compared with NG group. Overexpression of MUCDHL led to a decrease in the expression of FN, Col-III, a-SMA and Snail proteins, an increase in the expression of E-cadherin and MUCDHL proteins, and unaltered expression of HNF4A. Knockdown of MUCDHL resulted in a reversal of the aforementioned effects, with HNF4A expression remaining unaltered. Overexpression of HNF4A led to an increased expression of MUCDHL, and the expression changes of the remaining indicators were consistent with the overexpression of MUCDHL. Knockdown of HNF4A reversed the aforementioned effects. MUCDHL may represent a downstream target gene of HNF4A. CONCLUSION: The diminished expression of HNF4A and MUCDHL in the renal tubules of diabetic mice implies their involvement in the progression of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). HNF4A may potentially impede the progression of renal fibrosis in DKD by up-regulating the expression of MUCDHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the culture temperature 35 °C, shaking frequency 150 r/min, culture pH value 7.0 and culture time 72 h, the quantity of lycopene-degrading reached 224.4 mg/L by Bacillus cereus strain L16 with 300 mg/L lycopene in the medium. The degradation products analyzed by GC-MS were 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and isopropyl ketone, which were the characteristic aromatic components for tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate whether index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling in acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)., Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. The patients with first anterior STEMI who received PPCI from January 2014 to August 2017 in Peking University Third Hospital was enrolled. After PPCI, IMR was measured immediately by using pressure/temperature guidewire. The success rate of IMR measurement was 100%. Also we collected some related clinical data from the medical records and laboratory results. Infarct size [assessed as creatine kinase (CK) peak], echocardiography at baseline and 1 year follow-up were assessed. LV adverse remodeling (LVAR) was defined as ≥20% increase in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV)., Results: A total of forty-three patients were enrolled, with an average age of (58.7±12.4) years.The patients were divided into two groups as IMR ≤25 and IMR>25 by normal values recommended by previous literature. Compared with IMR ≤25 group, IMR>25 group had a higher percentage of initial thrombolysis in myocardial infraction (TIMI) grade 0 (95.7% vs. 65.0%, P =0.029), higher serum CK peak value [4 090 (383, 15 833) vs. 1 580 (396, 5 583), P =0.004]. The IMR>25 group suffered higher rates of ventricular aneurysm (30.4% vs. 5.0%, P =0.021). There was no difference in LVEDV [(111.0±18.8) mL vs. (115.0±23.6) mL, P =0.503] between the two groups 1 day after MI, but after 1 year, LVEDV in IMR>25 group was significantly higher than in IMR≤25 group [(141.5±33.7) mL vs. (115.9±27.9) mL, P =0.018]. The incidence of LVAR was more significant in IMR>25 group (47.4% vs. 11.8%, P =0.024). Binary Logistics regression showed that IMR [ B =0.079, exp( B ) (95% CI )=1.082 (1.018－1.149), P =0.011] and serum triglyceride level [ B =1.610, exp( B ) (95% CI )=5.005 (1.380－18.152), P =0.014] were the predictors of LVAR 1 year after MI. IMR had a good predictive value for LVAR 1 year after MI [area under the curve (AUC)=0.749, P =0.019], IMR>29 was a good cutoff value with sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 68.0%., Conclusion: Our study elaborates that immediate measurement of IMR after PPCI in patients with STEMI can reflect the microvascular function.And IMR could be used as a quantitative biomarker to predict LVAR after STEMI.

Objective: To report on the first case with chromosome 14q12 triplication involving the FOXG1 gene., Methods: The clinical, radiological and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data of a patient was analyzed, in addition with a literature review., Results: The 9-year-old girl has suffered from severe psychomotor delay, infantile spasms, severe mental retardation, absent language, autistic spectrum disorders, impaired ambulation, poor functional hand use and microcephaly, which were considered as manifestation of FOXG1 related diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging has documented heterotopic gray matter changes. aCGH showed a 1.9 Mb triplication in the 14q12 region, which involved the FOXG1 and a predicted gene 14orf23., Conclusion: For patients with early-onset severe psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, microcephaly, severe cognitive impairment and encephalodysplasia, analysis of copy number variations and mutations of the FOXG1 gene is crucial for the diagnosis.

cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacterial cells. It regulates various biological processes such as biofilm development, pathogenicity, motility, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and cell cycle. The second messenger exerts its function by binding to effectors, such as riboswitches and proteins. However, due to the diverse conformations of c-di-GMP, its effectors are hardly to be predicted by homology search. Identification of c-di-GMP effectors is the initial step to investigate its regulatory function in bacterial signal transduction, however, it remains to be a technically difficult task. Here we reviewed the mechanism of biofilm development controlled by c-di-GMP through binding to various types of protein effectors, and summarized the screening strategies, including genetics analysis, protein pull-down combined with LC/MS/MS identification, DRaCALA systematic screening and molecular docking-based prediction. We also summarized experimental methods for verifying protein-c-di-GMP interaction, including isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance, microscale thermophoresis etc. In addition, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies and methods. The present review aims to facilitate the future investigations that are focused on regulatory role of novel c-di-GMP effectors.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder with reproductive dysfunction and abnormal metabolic syndrome. However, its etiology is unknown yet. Androgen hypersecretion is one of the main features of PCOS. It has been found that PCOS has various effects on the offspring in reproductive, metabolic and nervous systems, including:increasing secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, ovarian morphological changes and abnormal secretion of sex hormones, leading to disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism, and increasing the risks of depression and autism. However, there is still lack of direct evidence, and more studies should be conducted on the underlying mechanism in future.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of cranial-cervical aneurysms with stent-graft., Methods: Clinical data of 20 patients with cranial-cervical aneurysm treated with stent-graft in Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University from November 2006 to November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 male and 5 female patients with a mean age of 40 years (ranging from 22 to 67 years). There were 10 spontaneous cases, 5 trauma history cases and 5 surgery history cases. Postoperative follow-up were made by telephone, CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography, evaluating therapeutic effect., Results: Twenty-four stent-grafts placement were carried out in 20 patients and all of them were successfully deployed in the parent artery. Intraoperative stent malapposition induced endoleak occurred in 3 cases, incomplete coverage of distal stent segment in 2 cases, acute thrombosis in 1 case and vessel lesion in 1 case. Eighteen cases were radiographically cured while the other 2 cases improved through additional stent placement, coil embolization or artery thrombolysis. Clinical symptoms of post-operative patients were improved to varying degrees. Follow-up of 1 to 96 months (average of 19 months) were accomplished. Delayed parent artery occlusion were encountered in 2 cases while endoleak still existed in 1 case., Conclusion: Application of stent-graft for cranial-cervical aneurysms is safe and effective and the short-term follow-up results are satisfied.