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The Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Sag is the main target layer of shale oil exploration and development in continental basins. However, its paleo-environmental information and organic matter enrichment mechanism still need to be determined. In order to investigate the paleo-environment of the Permian Lucaogou Formation, based on core and thin section observation, we carried out major and trace element analyses on 26 source rocks from Well J10025 by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). This analysis, combined with GC-MS biomarker data and typical sedimentary structures, reflects the paleo-environmental characteristics of the Luchaogou Formation. Geochemical indicators such as C-value, Sr/Ba, V/Cr, Pr/Ph, P, and Co show that the Lucaogou Formation was generally developed in a saline lake environment under an arid to semi-arid climate, with relatively deep water during deposition and hypoxic to anoxic conditions. The upper member was deposited in a semi-arid, brackish lake with weak reducibility, deep water body, and high productivity. In contrast, the lower member was deposited in an extremely dry, highly saline, and strongly reductive shallow lake with low productivity. The paleo-environment of the upper member fluctuated wildly, while that of the lower member was relatively stable. The correlation analyses between paleo-environmental indicators and TOC show that the preservation conditions and dilution rate of organic matter have limited influence on organic matter enrichment of the Lucaogou Formation. At the same time, the primary productivity is the main controlling factor.

Skarn-type copper-polymetallic rich ore is a unique mineral resource in Tibet and is characterized by numerous diverse elements with high content. The mineral type is mainly sulfide, while the metallogenic ore elements are typically Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ag, Bi, Cd and Co. The use of wet methods to analyze the samples will result in low measurement results due to the high content of silver, lead and other elements, which are difficult to dissolve and precipitate. The analytical results of these samples tend to be on the low side, due to the insoluble and easy-to-precipitate state during the wet pre-treatment caused by the relatively high amount of certain elements. In this study, hydrochloric acid was introduced to pre-desulfurize the ore, followed by dissolution with a mixed acid of nitric, hydrofluoric, and perchloric acid. As a result, the samples can be decomposed completely with effective desulphurization. When the dilution factor was optimized to 1000 and 10% hydrochloric acid was chosen as the solution medium, the sample solution did not precipitate and the multi-element analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) yielded good accuracy and precision. The method measurement ranges are 0.0056% to 20.0% for Cu, 0.0087% to 20.0% for Pb, 0.0031% to 20.0% for Zn, 0.0090% to 20.0% for Fe, 5.40 μg/g to 3000 μg/g for Ag, 10.8 μg/g to 5000 μg/g for Bi, 0.69 μg/g to 5000 μg/g for Cd, 2.09 μg/g to 5000 μg/g for Co, respectively. The method accuracy was less than 5.40% and the precision (RSD, n=11) was less than 4.41%, which was verified by the national standard reference materials. This method has distinct advantages of simple preliminary treatment, efficient analysis, simultaneous detection of multiple elements, and a wide linear range. The results are in agreement with other methods according to actual sample test analysis.

Objective By analyzing changes of dental arch width and length during the aligning and leveling period (non ⁃ extraction case) with two kinds of self ⁃locking bracket, compare the difference between the active self ⁃locking bracket with the passive bracket. Methods The data of dental arch perimeter change amount and dental arch width and length change amount (WU/L3, WU/L4, WU/L5, WU/L6, U/LL) were statistically analyzed using the correlation and regression method by comparing active and passive brackets for the correction of dental arch variations. Two different brackets for the correction of the measured values of the dental arch variations was analyzed by t⁃test. Results There were statistical relationships between the amount of arch perimeter increase and the amount of width and length in⁃ crease. The regression equation was statistically significant (P < 0.05), It was greater impacted arch width increase to arch perimeter in the self⁃locking. The t⁃test results showed WU3, WL3, WL6, LR 4 measured values (P < 0.05) statisti⁃ cally significant in the active self⁃locking group and passive group. Conclusion Active and passive self⁃locking brack⁃ et have good arch expansion effecting. The active self⁃locking bracket is slightly dominant than the passive bracket in the expansion of the canine width whereas the active self⁃locking bracket is better than the passive in the expansion of the mandibular first molar and arch perimeter which should be widely applied to the appropriate cases.

Objective The aim of this study is to measure the labial alveolar bone thickness of the Angle Ⅱ，Divi⁃ sion 2 patients and healthy adults with CBCT technique, in order to provide reference for clinical dental orthodontic de⁃ sign. Methods Sixty cases were consecutively selected from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital outpatients of Inner Mongo⁃ lia Medical College. They were divided into the case group and control group. Each group contains 30 patients (15 men and 15 women). CBCT was used to scan maxillofacial region and 3D models were made on computer, software was used to measure labial alveolar bone thickness in three points of the teeth (the root, central and apical). Analyze the result fi⁃ nally. Results There was no significant difference between contralateral teeth. There was significant difference be⁃ tween the Angle Ⅱ, Division 2 patients and control group in different gender. There was significant difference between the case and control group in the thickness of incisor L1, L3, lateral incisor of L1, L3 and canine of L1, L2, L3. Conclu⁃ sions There is no difference in the thickness of labial alveolar bone wall of the same tooth in both groups. Maxillary anterior labial bone wall of male is thicker than female􀆳 in both groups. The maxillary anterior region of labial bone of Angle Ⅱ, Division 2 patients is thinner than normal adults in thecontrol group.

Cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) materials have been widely applied to enhance the waterproofing performance of concrete. The workability of nano-modified CCCW (N-CCCW)and the improvement of the waterproofing performance of modified concrete were studied, as well as the underlying mechanism was discussed. The results show that N-CCCW has good workability, with a fluidity of 140-220mm at the W/C ratio of 0.40-0.50. N-CCCW can reduce the capillary water absorption height of cement mortar by 22.3%, attributing to the pore size refinement of cement mortar and porosity decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three steps to synthesize the MT vinylphenyl curable silicone resin. Step 1; MT vinylphenyl liquid silicone resin has been synthesized by trimethoxyphenyl silane (as the base material), divinyl - 1,1,3,3 - tetramethydisiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane (as the end-capping agent) by co-hydrolysis condensation under acidic at first, and then the excess hydroxyl groups are eliminated under alkaline. Step 2: MT hydrophenyl curable silicone resin then has been prepared with trimethoxyphenyl silane (as the base material), 1,1,3,3 - tetramethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane (as the end-capping agent) by hydrolysis condensation under acidic firstly, and then replaced by the active hydrogen groups under acidic. Step 3 : Both undergo the cross-linking reaction under the catalyst of platinum to obtain the MT phenyl curable silicone resin, with refractive index greater than 1.5, light transmittance greater than 90% and good thermal stability. It has Shore hardness from 60 A to 90 A, the tensile strength from 5. 15 MPa to 11. 35 MPa, which are good in the field of LED packaging for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of input and output, the three-stage SBM-DEA model was used to measure the highway transportation efficiency (HTE) of 31 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) in China from 2008 to 2017. Finally, the dynamic relationship between HTE and environmental regulation is studied by using PVAR model. Results show that: after eliminating the influence of environmental variables and random factors, the national HTE shows an overall high level and it has a rising trend between 2008 and 2017. The relationship between HTE and pollution reduction cost were mutually causal, but there was only unidirectional causality relationship with HTE and pollution emission intensity. In the short term, the impact of government's emission reduction policies on HTE has timeliness. But in the long run, it cannot promote the sustainable growth of HTE. Therefore, the government should formulate reasonable environmental policies in order to achieve a win-win situation of vigorous development of HTE and improvement of environmental quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the process of strata movement similar material simulation experiment, Brillouin optical time domain analysis ( BOTDA) technology was used to measure strain of similar material simulation. The two optical fibers were embedded in 3m plane stress simulation and 5 dial gage were installed on the respective position, comparing analysis of Brillouin frequency shift change of strata movement and deformation process. The results showed that BOTDA distributed optical fiber sensing technology could realize the distributed strain measurement of similar material simulation, not only could accurately measure the strata collapse state of the fiber along, but also could sense and reflect the movement and deformation characteristics of strata at some point. This research provided a new testing method for similar material simulation experiment, and had a positive effect on the development of similar material simulation testing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the feature classification performance of localy linear embedding (LLE) algorithm for face recognition, the paper introduced minimum spanning tree algorithm and proposed a new local linear embedding algorithm with the dynamically determining neighborhood parameter. The new algorithm could automatically determine the neighborhood of the data point by using the single-chain clustering and further optimization algorithm, improved the insufficient of local linear embedding algorithm fixed neighborhood, as well as deal with the reality of non-uniform failures of source datasets. It used the improved algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) classifier for face recognition to get a higher upgrade of the average recognition rate on the ORL and YALB face database. And the simulation result shows the effectiveness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Three-Dimensional (3D) chip structure is becoming one of the most popular academic research fields in VLSI owing to its advantages such as high integration density, high frequency, lower power, and so on. TSV is the key technology for vertical interconnections in 3D chips. However, TSVs may have some faults during the TSV fabrication or the process of wafer thinning and bonding, which causes that the modules related TSV lose efficacy, even the entire chip doesn, t work normally. A singleredundancy and dual-redundancy repair circuit based on TSV chain is proposed. The signals produced by chip testing are used to control repair circuit for the purpose of repairing the TSV defects and transferring the signals of fault TSV to the neighboring good TSV. The experimental results show that the function of this circuit structure is correct and the overall repair ratio can reach more than 91. 9 7 %, meanwhile the area overhead is lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the optimal throughput by extracting parallelism in matrix during high-level synthesis, this paper proposed a matrix partitioning compile optimization algorithm to handle matrix applications, especially in multiplications. This algorithm divided data-intensive arrays into disjoint memory banks within LLVM compile framework, then merged relative iteration space, and at last, modified the data access between the iteration space and the data space. Compared with the AutoESL unfolding algorithm, experimental results show that this approach achieves 46% improvement in circuit delay and 39% reduction in resource averagely with the optimized block number. In conclusion, this high-level synthesis compile optimization algorithm based on matrix partitioning can reduce circuit delay and save resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of impulsive synchronous control of unified chaotic systems with parameter uncertainty and variable delays is studied. On the case that the master system's delay is different from that of the slave system, sufficient conditions for their uniform asymptotical synchronization are developed by employing the Lyapunov stability theory and matrix inquality techniques, and the impulsive controllers with respect to delays and initial value of systems are designed. Finally, the validity of the obtained results is shown by a numerical example and its simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic responses of a slab track on the poroelastic half-space subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Railpads between the rails and slab are represented by a Continuous layer of springs and dashpots. It is assumed that the interface of the slab and the poroelassic half-space soil medium is permeable. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground system are solved using the Fourier transform. The dynamic responses in time domain are obtained through the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Effects of the soil intrinsic permeability and the stiffness of slab on soil displacement and acceleration have been carefully analyzed. Numerical results show that the vibration responses of the ground are significantly affected by the fluid phase in the soil medium and soil dynamic responses decrease with increasing stiffness of the slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic strain of saturated soft clay in Hangzhbu under cyclic loading is researched by GDS cyclic triaxial system. The effect of cyclic stress ratio, initial shear stress, frequency and overconsolidated ratio on dynamic strain is analyzed. It is observed that the dynamic strain increases with the increase of cyclic stress ratio. There is critical cyclic stress ratio of soft clay under cyclic loading. The value of critical cyclic stress ratio can also be obtained by dynamic strain and cyclic number of cycles curves. At the beginning of cyclic loading, the strain rate is bigger and then it decreases with the time. With the increase of cyclic stress ratio, the strain rate increases. The frequency influences the relationship between strain and cyclic number significantly and the dynamic strain decreases with the increase of frequency. However, the effect of frequency on dynamic strain and time and strain rate and time curves is indistinct. With the increase of initial shear stress, both the dynamic strain and strain rate increases. With the increase of overconsolidated ratio, both the dynamic strain and strain rate decreases. It shows linear relationship between strain rate and time at log-scale. Based on the test results, the empirical equation between strain rate and time, and accumulative plastic model of soft clay under cyclic loading by integration are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the traditional rock pressure theory, the fiber Bragg grating sensors were used to study the internal stiain caused by the overburden key strata movement. This study was conducted for the fully mechanized working face 30101 of a coal mine in China. The deformation of the overburden key strata during mining was simulated in the laboratory with 3 m plane stress physical model. The model size was 3 000 mmx1 340 mmx200 mm with a geometric similarity ratio of 1 : 100. Four fiber Bragg grating sensors and two total station survey lines were installed in the model for the oveiburden strata movement monitoring. The results of the study show that the fiber Bragg grating sensors successfully detect the initial weighting and the periodic weighting of the key strata. A sharp peaked wavelength shift curve of fiber Bragg grating sensor indicates the initial weighting of the key strata, and the wavelength shift curve with a peak that is maintained for a short time indicated the periodic weightings. The initial weighting and the periodic weighting distance of the roof strata of the fully mechanized working face 30101 are 48. 5-51.7 m and 10. 4 -20.7 m,respectively. The experimental results agreed well with the in-situ measurements. This study, successfully monitored the load on the overburden key strata in real time,which are proved to Ire in accord with exponential cosine function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal sepsis, as a significant cause of various complications and adverse outcomes in neonates, remains a serious health burden both domestically and internationally. Strategies such as antibiotic prophylaxis during delivery, the utilization of early-onset sepsis risk calculators, and quality improvement initiatives in neonatal wards are beneficial in alleviating the disease burden of neonatal sepsis. This paper provides a review of the epidemiology, risk factors, and recent advances in clinical management of neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between postoperative complications and combined deflection angle classification adduction type (CDAC-ADT) of femoral neck fractures after cannulated screw internal fixation., Methods: The clinical data of 121 patients with CDAC-ADT femoral neck fracture admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 and met the selected criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 69 males and 52 females, the age ranged from 19 to 79 years (mean, 48.1 years). The causes of injury included 52 cases of traffic accident, 24 cases of falling from height, and 45 cases of fall. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 12 days, with an average of 6.0 days. Among them, there were 18 cases of CDAC-ADT type Ⅰ, 46 cases of type Ⅱ, and 57 cases of type Ⅲ; 6 cases of Garden type Ⅱ, 103 cases of type Ⅲ, and 12 cases of type Ⅳ; and according to the location of the fracture line, there were 26 cases of subcapitate type, 88 cases of transcervical type, and 7 cases of basal type. All patients were treated with cannulated screw internal fixation. The occurrence of complications (including internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head) was recorded, and the correlation between complications and CDAC-ADT typing, Garden typing, and fracture line location were analyzed., Results: The patients were followed up 8-44 months, with a mean of 24.9 months. There were 10 cases of internal fixation failure, 7 cases of fracture nonunion, and 30 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after operation. Correlation analysis showed that patients' CDAC-ADT typing was significantly correlated with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P <0.05), and the Pearson coefficient of contingency were 0.435, 0.251, 0.254, and 0.241, respectively. Garden typing did not correlate with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure and fracture nonunion ( P >0.05), but correlated with the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P <0.05), and the Pearson coefficient of contingency was 0.251. Fracture line position typing had no correlation with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: CDAC-ADT typing has obvious correlation with postoperative complications of femoral neck fracture and can be used to predict complications of femoral neck fracture.

This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of action in the intervention of acute lung injury(ALI) based on the blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats and in conjunction with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experimental validation. The blood entry components of Ganke Granules in rats were imported into the SwissTargetPrediction platform to predict drug targets, and ALI-related targets were collected from the disease database. Intersections were taken, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks were constructed to screen the core targets, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A &quot;blood entry components-target-pathway-disease&quot; network was constructed, and the core components for disease intervention based on their topological parameters were screened. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding ability of the core components to key targets. The key targets of Ganke Granules in the intervention of ALI were verified by the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. Through PPI topological parameter analysis, the top six key targets of STAT3, SRC, HSP90AA1, MAPK3, HRAS, and MAPK1 related to ALI were obtained. GO functional analysis showed that it was mainly related to ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, inflammatory response, and response to LPS. KEGG analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were MAPK, neutrophil extracellular trap(NET) formation, and so on. Six core components(schizantherin B, schisandrin, besigomsin, harpagoside, isotectorigenin, and trachelanthamine) were filtered out by the &quot;blood entry components-target-pathway-disease&quot; network based on the analysis of topological parameters. Molecular docking results showed that the six core components and Tectoridin with the highest content in the granules had a high affinity with the key targets of MAPK3, SRC, MAPK1, and STAT3. In vivo experiment results showed that compared with the model group, Ganke Granules could effectively alleviate LPS-induced histopathological injury in the lungs of mice and reduce the percentage of inflammatory infiltration. The total protein content, nitric oxide(NO) level, myeloperoxidase(MPO) content, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), gamma interferon(IFN-γ), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), and chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 1(CXCL1) chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were decreased, and the expression levels of lymphocyte antigen 6G(Ly6G), citrullinated histones 3(Cit-H3), and phosphorylated proteins SRC, ERK1/2, and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, Ganke Granules could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response of ALI induced by LPS, protect lung tissue, regulate the release of inflammatory factors, and inhibit neutrophil infiltration and NET formation, and the mechanism of action may be related to inhibiting the activation of SRC/ERK1/2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The consensus has been reached on the benefits of surgical drainage. However, catheter-related blockage and retrograde infection remain bottleneck problems in the treatment process. To this end, with Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, as the main inventors, a drainage tube dredging umbrella and anti-retrograde infection kit have been designed and applied for the national utility model patent (patent number: ZL 2023 2 1300036.2). The main body of the kit consists of a catheter dredging umbrella, drainage tube, and drainage bag. Several isolation layers are installed in the drainage bag to form a maze structure and a reflux valve is added, thereby increasing the distance and resistance of liquid reflux, greatly reducing the possibility of liquid reflux entering the drainage tube, so as to reduce the risk of retrograde infection through physical means. When the drainage tube is blocked, the drainage tube and joint tube of the drainage bag can be separated, the unblocking umbrella can be inserted into the blockage through the guide wire, the cannula can be inserted along the guide wire, the guide wire is pulled to release the dredging umbrella in the contraction state, and the dredging umbrella can be pulled back in the expansion state until the blockage is removed from the drainage tube. The operating procedure is standardized and simple. While preventing retrograde infection (anti-retrograde infection kit), the catheter dredging umbrella could effectively address the issue of catheter blockage. It has certain clinical promotion and application value.

Objectives: To investigate the changes in the pathogen spectrum and antimicrobial resistance over time in neonatal sepsis., Methods: The medical data were collected from the neonates who were diagnosed with sepsis in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to December 2019. The incidence rate of sepsis, the pathogen spectrum, and the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed., Results: The incidence rate of neonatal sepsis was 4.02% (447/11 111). The top four pathogens detected were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , and Candida. The incidence rate of sepsis and the pathogen spectrum showed no significant changes over time. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen in preterm infants, very low birth weight infants, and small-for-gestational-age infants, accounting for 33.9%, 29.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. CoNS, Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Escherichia coli had a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins., Conclusions: The incidence of neonatal sepsis is high, and the main pathogen is CoNS. The pathogens of neonatal sepsis have a high resistance rate to penicillins and third-generation cephalosporins. It is recommended to enhance the prevention and control of neonatal infection, strengthen the surveillance of pathogens, and further standardize the rational use of antibiotics.

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants., Methods: The medical data of 61 786 neonates from multiple centers of China between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 were retrospectively investigated, including 504 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria. Among the 504 infants, 108 infants diagnosed with MBDP were enrolled as the MBDP group and the remaining 396 infants were enrolled as the non-MBDP group. The two groups were compared in terms of general information of mothers and preterm infants, major diseases during hospitalization, nutritional support strategies, and other treatment conditions. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for MBDP., Results: The incidence rate of MBDP was 19.4% (88/452) in VLBW preterm infants and 38.5% (20/52) in ELBW preterm infants. The incidence rate of MBDP was 21.7% in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks and 45.5% in those with a gestational age of < 28 weeks. The univariate analysis showed that compared with the non-MBDP group, the MBDP group had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight, a significantly longer length of hospital stay, and a significantly higher incidence rate of extrauterine growth retardation ( P < 0.05). Compared with the non-MBDP group, the MBDP group had significantly higher incidence rates of neonatal sepsis, anemia, hypocalcemia, and retinopathy of prematurity ( P < 0.05). The MBDP group had a significantly lower mean feeding speed, a significantly higher age when reaching total enteral feeding, and a significantly longer duration of parenteral nutrition ( P < 0.05). The use rate of caffeine citrate in the MBDP group was significantly higher, but the use rate of erythropoietin was significantly lower than that in the non-MBDP group ( P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age < 32 weeks, hypocalcemia, extrauterine growth retardation at discharge, and neonatal sepsis were risk factors for MBDP ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: A lower gestational age, hypocalcemia, extrauterine growth retardation at discharge, and neonatal sepsis may be associated an increased risk of MBDP in VLBW/ELBW preterm infants. It is necessary to strengthen perinatal healthcare, avoid premature delivery, improve the awareness of the prevention and treatment of MBDP among neonatal pediatricians, and adopt positive and reasonable nutrition strategies and comprehensive management measures for preterm infants.

Long-term stability is important for the practical application of aerobic granular sludge system under low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). In this study, aerobic granular sludge, seeded in the reactors A and B, were cultivated under low C/N to investigate the properties, performance, and resilience to shock load in the long-term operation. The load of carbon and nitrogen in the feed was increased gradually. The C/N of reactor A was kept at 2, while that of reactor B was kept at 4 initially and then reduced to 2 in the shock load stage. It was discovered that the aerobic granular sludge stored at 4℃ for 30 days was essentially revived after 25 days of cultivation in reactors A and B, with over 90% removal efficiency for COD and ammonia, respectively. In the following stages, the removal efficiencies of COD and ammonia in reactor B were over 90% and complete nitrification was achieved. In contrast, in reactor A, the removal efficiency of COD was only 80% and only partial nitrification was achieved; however, ammonia removal efficiency of 90% was finally achieved. In the shock load stage, the COD removal efficiencies in reactors A and B were still above 80%, but the ammonia removal efficiencies were severely affected. The removal of ammonia was deteriorated in reactor A, while only partial nitrification was achieved in reactor B. During the entire operation, the physical properties of the aerobic granules in reactors A and B were barely affected, with sludge volume index (SVI 30 ) in reactors A and B maintained at 60 mL ·g -1 and 75 mL ·g -1 , and mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS) at 5 g ·L -1 and 3.7 g ·L -1 , respectively. Microbial analysis showed that the aerobic granular sludge in reactor B has richer and more diverse microbial community than that in reactor A. The abundance of Zoogloea in reactor B, which is simultaneously able to produce polymeric protein and stabilize the structure of the aerobic granules, may be favorable for the high stability of the aerobic granules. These findings suggested that the aerobic granular system under the C/N of 4 had better performance in ammonia removal and higher tolerance to shock load, which guaranteed high stability of the aerobic granular sludge system in long-term operation, as compared to that under the C/N of 2.

Objective: To evaluate clinical effects of expanded curettage and bone cement filling combined with internal fixation in treating Campanacci III giant cell tumor of knee joint., Methods: From January 2006 to December 2016, 21 patients with Campanacci III giant cell tumor of knee joint were treated by expanded curettage and bone cement filling combined with internal fixation, including 11 males and 10 females with an average age of(35.24±10.56) years old (ranged from 21 to 61 years old). The courses of disease ranged from 1.5 to 24.0 months with an average of(8.1±4.4) months. Among them, 8 patients were distal femur and 13 patients were proximal tibia. All patients were primary tumors. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society(MSTS) scores were used to evaluate lower limb function before and after operation. X-ray was used to observe healing of lesions and the occurrence of adverse reactions., Results: All incisions were healed at grade A without complications such as infection and internal fixation failure. All patients were followed up from 8 to 56 months with an average of (29.62±9.48) months. MSTS score at the latest follow-up 26.71±2.35 was higher than that of before operation 15.24±1.14, and had statistical significance( t =20.160, P =0.000). The results of X-ray at final following-up showed internal fixation was well, and no loosening and fracture of subchondral bone. Three patients recurred giant cell tumor and replaced with tumor prosthesis., Conclusions: Expanded curettage and bone cement filling with internal fixation for the treatment of Campanacci III giant cell tumor of knee joint could effectively retain limb function and reduce tumor recurrence rate., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Cyathula capitate is the main adulterant of C.offinalis. According to the literature reported, there are obvious differences in properties, taste and pharmacological activity between C. capitate and C.offinalis. Therefore, C. capitate can only be used as a local conventional medicine and can't be a substitute for C. offinalis. Since the appearance of C.capitata is very similar to the C.offinalis and the content of cyasterone also can reach the limit of the current pharmacopoeia standard, the C.capitata is mostly sold in the form of impersonation oradmixture, which seriously affected the safety of the clinical medication and the development of the genuine crude drugs. In view of this, HPLC characteristic fingerprint was used to reveal the difference of multi-ingredients of C. offinalis, C. capitata and their admixture. According to the HPLC chromatogram of C.offinalis, C. capitata. and their admixture, 65 different components were obtained to set up a peak area data matrix of 26×65, which was applied to perform the characteristic peak difference analysis, similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis HCA and principal component analysis (PCA). Characteristic peak difference analysis showed that the characteristic peaks of C. capitata and their admixture are more and higher respond than those of C. offinalis. The 9 characteristic peaks were used to distinguish C. capitata, 2 of which were used to distinguish C. offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata. UV spectra of 9 characteristic peaks are mostly similar to the end absorption spectra of saponins, indicating that C. capitata may contain a large amount of saponins. By the reference fingerprint of C.offinalis established, the similarity analysis showed that the similarity degree of C. offinalis are higher than 0.942, while the similarity degree of C. capitata, C.offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata are less than 0.383 and 0.399. C.offinalis, C. capitata, C.offinalis mixed with 5% C. capitata could be obviously divided into 3 classes by HCA and PCA. These results showed that there are obvious difference in the chemical composition of C. offinalis, C. capitata and their admixture, which could provide evidence for their identification., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To retrospectively assess the feasibility and safety of percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation for cervical fracture using intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation., Methods: Thirty patients admitted from April 2012 to May 2014 in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital with cervical fracture underwent pedicle screw fixation using intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation, with 8 patients using minimally invasive technique (CAOS-MIS group), and the other 22 patients using conventional open approach (CAOS-open group). Operative time, blood loss and postoperative neurovascular complications were recorded. Screw positions were studied by postoperative CT scan. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months. Neck visual analogue score (VAS) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classification were evaluated preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Independent-sample t test and Chi-Square test were used for statistical analysis., Results: Operation time was (139 ± 18) minutes and blood loss was (73 ± 40) ml in CAOS-MIS group and correspondingly (154 ± 42) minutes and (296 ± 171) ml in CAOS-open group. The blood loss in CAOS-MIS group was significantly lower than that in CAOS-open group (t = 5.695, P < 0.01). No screw-related injury to nerve or vertebral artery was observed. Thirty-four screws were placed in CAOS-MIS group with 28 screws (82.4%) classified as Grade I, meanwhile in CAOS-open group 108 screws were placed with 96 screws (88.9%) classified as Grade I. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (χ² = 0.998, P > 0.01). VAS score showed no statistical difference preoperatively (t = 0.334, P > 0.01), however statistical difference existed at 6 months follow-up (t = 4.111, P < 0.01) with (0.4 ± 0.5) in CAOS-MIS group and (1.5 ± 0.7) in CAOS-open group. There were 1 patient from class B to improve to D, 1 case from D to E in CAOS-MIS group, and 1 patient from class A to improve to B, 1 case from B to D, 2 cases from C to D, 3 cases from D to E in CAOS-open group 6 months after surgery. Cervical X-ray demonstrated fractures healed well in all cases at 6 months follow-up., Conclusion: It is feasible and safe for percutaneous minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation for cervical fracture using intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation, which can also decreases the incidence of postoperative neck pain.

Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility and clinical outcome of laparoscopic radical resection for low rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis or with colostomy by stapler through transanal resection without abdominal incisions., Methods: From January 2010 to September 2014, 37 patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection for low rectal cancer through transanal resection without abdominal incisions. The tumors were 4-7 cm above the anal verge. On preoperative assessment, 26 cases were T1N0M0 and 11 were T2N0M0., Results: For all cases, successful surgery was performed. In telescopic anastomosis group, the mean operative time was (178±21) min, with average blood loss of (76±11) ml and (13±7) lymph nodes harvested. Return of bowel function was (3.0±1.2) d and the hospital stay was (12.0±4.2) d without postoperative complications. Patients were followed up for 3-45 months. Twelve months after surgery, 94.6%(35/37) patients achieved anal function Kirwan grade 1, indicating that their anal function returned to normal., Conclusions: Laparoscopic radical resection for low rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis or colostomy by stapler through transanal resection without abdominal incisions is safe and feasible. Satisfactory clinical outcome can be achieved mini-invasively.

In the present study, the geometry of D-Luciferin was fully optimized by the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G** and B3PW91/6-311++G** level, and the Cartesian coordinate force constant was calculated at the same level. The scaled quantum mechanism force field (SQM) method was performed to analyze the vibration spectrum. The local internal symmetry coordinates were defined using the method given by Pulay. The theoretical force field matrix, which was obtained through molecular vibration calculation programs, was transformed from Cartesian coordinates into the local internal coordinates. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out using GF matrix method developed by Wilson to give the scaled vibration frequencies and the potential energy distributions (PEDs). In order to make the vibration frequencies in good agreement with the experimental values, we empirically scale the theoretical force fields. According to PEDs, all vibration modes were assigned reliably to certain vibration frequencies. The calculated results show that the D-Luciferin molecule belongs to the point group C1 and involves 66 free degrees of vibration. All vibration modes are infrared and Raman activity. In the Infrared spectrum, the vibration frequency of the strongest absorption peak is 1,780 cm(-1), and the absorption intensity is 507 KM · mol(-1), which is mainly contributed by the stretching vibration mode of the C21==O22, double bond with the PEDs of 93%. In the Raman spectrum, the vibration frequency in the range of 1,200-1.700 cm(-1) presented strong Raman activity, the frequency of the strongest absorption peak is 1,573 cm(-1), and the absorpiton intensity is 297 KM · mol, which is mainly contributed by the stretching vibration made of the C21==N22 double bond in the five-membered ring. The results are helpful to further studying the structure and the luminescence activity of Luciferin derivatives in experiment and theory.

Objective: To explore the management strategies of acute toxication of 2, 4-dinitrophenol by hemoperfusion., Methods: A total of 14 patients with acute toxication of 2, 4-dinitrophenol were admitted on September 14, 2009. And they were divided into severe and mild groups according to the severity of clinical manifestation. All patients in both groups received 2-hour blood perfusion within 2 hour post-admission. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters and 2, 4-dinitrophenol levels were carefully observed before and after each perfusion. And oxygenation, intravenous use of furosemide, corticosteroids and symptomatic therapies were simultaneously given to improve general conditions., Results: In serious group, the levels of before and after the first perfusion were 28.21(15.56-45.23) and 16.11(10.10-27.52) mg/L (P < 0.05), respectively. In both groups, all levels of 2, 4-dinitrophenol were significantly reduced before and after each perfusion (all P < 0.05). The patients in severe group would get relieved after 3 vs 2 perfusions in mild group. In severe group, there was a remarked decrease in neutrophil and platelet count after perfusion than those in mild group. The liver enzymes and blood lipids in both groups after therapy significantly elevated than those before therapy (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Crucial for managing acute toxication of 2, 4-dinitrophenol, early hemoperfusion reduces mortality.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, efficacy and indication of posterior C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability assisted by intraoperative 3-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation., Methods: From November 2005 to October 2012, 58 patients with atlantoaxial instability underwent posterior C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation assisted by intraoperative 3-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation. Those with excellent atlantoaxial reduction and no need for decompression underwent percutaneously minimally invasive procedures. Operative duration, blood loss volume, reduction of atlantoaxial joints and postoperative neurovascular complications were recorded. Screw positions were studied by postoperative computed tomography (CT) and divided into 3 categories. The follow-up period was at least 3 months. Local symptoms (assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) score), neurological conditions (Nurick classification) and bone graft fusion were evaluated., Results: Among them, the procedure was either open surgery (n = 51) or percutaneously minimally invasive surgery (n = 7). A total of 111 screws were placed satisfactorily. Five patients underwent only unilateral C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation. No severe complications were encountered. The mean operative duration was 202.2 ± 54.2 minutes and the average volume of blood loss 412.6 ± 281.2 ml. And the values were comparable to those for the traditional fluoroscopy-guided free-hand procedures. No statistical significance existed between open and percutaneously minimally invasive procedures in operative duration, blood loss volume and precision of screw placement. The patients with incompletely reduced C1-C2 dislocation had comparable clinical outcomes with those with complete reduction. After a 3-month follow-up, all of them showed significant improvements of local symptoms. VAS score decreased from 4.5 ± 1.3 preoperatively to 0.7 ± 0.8 postoperatively while the Nurick classification improved from 2.4 ± 1.1 to 0.6 ± 1.0. And bone graft fusion was satisfactory., Conclusions: Posterior C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability assisted by intraoperative 3-dimensional fluoroscopy-based navigation is both feasible and safe. Combined with minimally invasive techniques, this procedure may achieve greater precision and minimal invasion.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic outcomes for severe burst fracture of lumbar vertebrae via a posterior approach for one-stage spinal "three-column" reconstruction., Methods: An retrospective analysis of data was performed for 21 patients with severe burst fracture of lumbar vertebrae undergoing a posterior approach for one-stage spinal "three-column" reconstruction from 2005 to 2010. It was compared with previous 15 cases undergoing a staged anteroposterior approach. The operative duration, volume of blood loss, pre- and post-operative imaging measurements of kyphosis and vertebral height and nerve function recovery were evaluated., Results: The values of operative duration and volume of blood loss in the one-stage posterior approach group were significantly less than those of the two-stage anteroposterior approach group [(263 ± 72) min vs (439 ± 75) min, t = -5.303, P < 0.01; (1143 ± 296) ml vs (1471 ± 399) ml, t = -2.169, P = 0.042)]. Statistical significance existed in postoperative kyphosis between two groups [(0.5 ± 2.0)° vs (3.9 ± 2.6)°, t = -3.336, P = 0.003]. Vertebral height had no statistical significance pre- and post-operatively between two groups while restoration of vertebral height did [(0.47 ± 0.19) mm vs (0.26 ± 0.15) mm, t = 2.669, P = 0.015]., Conclusion: Posterior approach for one-stage vertebral resection, mesh implantation, pedicle screws and rod internal fixation for reconstructing spinal "three-column" structures offers excellent feasibility and safety. And it may avoid complications associated with an anteroposterior approach for two-stage procedures. The median length of hospital stay is also reduced.

Objective: To compare and assess the effectiveness of leukocyte-filtered platelet and standard platelet concentrates transfusion in preventing platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-alloimmunization., Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs comparing leukocyte-filtered platelet with standard platelet concentrates transfusion (up to December 31, 2009) were searched and identified from Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and CBM. A meta-analysis was conducted with Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5. 0., Results: The search identified 558 citations in total, in which 7 articles in English were finally included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed that compared with standard platelet concentrates transfusion, leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion significantly decreased PTR [ RR = 0. 59, 95% CI (0. 42, 0. 82) , P = 0. 002 ] and HLA-alloimmunization [ RR = 0. 49,95% CI (0. 33, 0. 74) , P =0. 0006]. Subgroup analysis showed that HLA-alloimmunization was significantly reduced by leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion among the patients with acute myelocytic leukemia [ RR =0.42, 95% CI (0.32, 0.56), P <0. 00001], while no significant difference was detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of the limited sample size [ RR = 0. 50, 95% CI (0. 10, 2.41) , P =0. 39]., Conclusions: The current evidence shows that leukocyte-filtered platelet transfusion can prevent PTR and HLA-alloimmunization more effectively than standard platelet transfusion. Well-designed large-scale RCTs are still needed to further confirm this finding.

Objective: To investigate the safety, feasibility and clinical outcomes of laparoscopic sphincter-preserving proctectomy for low rectal cancer using transanal telescopic anastomosis., Methods: Five patients underwent laparoscopic sphincter-preserving proctectomy for low rectal cancer using transanal telescopic anastomosis between March 2011 and April 2011 at the General Hospital of Beijing Military Command. After lymph node dissection around the mesentery using harmonic scalpel, the root of the inferior mesenteric vessel was ligated and transected. Rectal dissection was further carried out until 5 cm distal to the lower margin of the tumor. A circumferential incision was made 1.0 cm above the dentate line using 5 support stitches for exposure. The submucous layer was striped upward to the level of the levator ani, and rectum was transected. Rectum and sigmoid colon were extracted transanally and removed. Finally, colonanal anastomosis was made using telescopic technique., Results: Five patients underwent the procedure successfully. The mean operative time was 178 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 76 ml. The mean lymph nodes retrieval was 14. Bowel function recovered after a mean of 3 days. There were no postoperative complications. No obvious scars were seen in the abdomen or the anus. The mean hospital stay was 12 days. After one year of follow-up, all the patients survived cancer-free., Conclusions: Laparoscopic anterior resection with sphincter preservation by transanal telescopic anastomosis for low rectal cancer is feasible and safe. Abdominal incision is minimal. However, the long-term outcomes require further investigation.

The annual reports of human-cattle synchronous chemotherapy from 1992 to 2008 were collected and analyzed, and its effect on schistosomiasis control was evaluated. The results showed that human and cattle infection rates decreased by 72.37% (chi2 = 9.85, P < 0.01) and 65.18% (chi2 = 5.63, P < 0.01), respectively. The snail infection rate and the density of infected snail decreased by 63.64% and 69.44%, respectively. It is concluded that schistosomiasis in Qianjiang City has been effectively controlled after the implementation of human-cattle synchronous chemotherapy for 16 years.

Objective: To investigate the mobility changes of adjacent segments after fusion retrospectively., Methods: A total of 28 patients underwent standard anterior cervical arthrodesis. The kinematic changes occurred at segments adjacent to cervical arthrodesis through a coral bone graft and plating system. The mean follow-up period was 6.3 ± 1.6 years (3.6 - 10.5). Lateral radiographic views of cervical spine in flexion and extension were obtained at pre-operation and follow-up. Rotational motion at adjacent levels was quantified., Results: Sagittal range of motion (ROM) at adjacent cranial level was 11.2° ± 5.0° at pre-operation and 11.4° ± 6.4° at follow-up. It was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). At adjacent caudal level, ROM was 9.8° ± 5.3°, but 10.2° ± 4.6° at follow-up. But it was not statistically significant (P > 0.01). During the follow-up, entire cervical motion (C2-C7) decreased significantly from 46.8° ± 13.4° to 36.8° ± 9.6° in single-level fusion group, but from 48.6° ± 14.6° to 39.9° ± 7.2° in double-level fusion group., Conclusion: The assumption of an iatrogenically elevated adjacent level mobility by cervical fusion is refuted by the present study.

Objective: To explore the value of multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) in the detection of the complex chromosomal aberrations (CCAs) in multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: M-FISH was used in 10 MM patients with CCAs detected by conventional cytogenetics (CC) using R-banding to refine the rearrangement of CCAs and identify the characteristics of marker chromosome., Results: M-FISH confirmed the 29 structural aberrations shown by CC analysis, and also confirmed the specific source of 21 types of chromosomal aberration, which were not detected by CC analysis. Among them, t(2;15)(q33;q22), t(6;7)(q23;q34), t(8;11) (q24;q23), t(1;14)(q10;q32) and t(X;1)(q26;q25) were new chromosomal aberrations. The median survival time of 9 MM patients with CCAs was 23 months and evidently shorter than that of MM patients without CCAs, with the mean survival time being 34 months., Conclusion: M-FISH could refine CCAs in MM patients, find or correct the missed or misidentified abnormalities analyzed by CC. It has provided one of the essential methods for the research of chromosomal aberrations in MM.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of axial rotation of lumbar vertebrae on the accuracy of pedicle screw placement using the traditional method, as well as to assess the value of intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) navigation in improving the accuracy., Methods: Sixteen lumbar simulation models at different degrees of axial rotation (0°, 5°, 10° and 20°), with every four assigned with the same degree, were equally divided into two groups (traditional method group and intraoperative 3D navigation group). Random placement of pedicle screws was carried out, followed by CT scan postoperatively. Then the outer pedicle cortex contours were depicted from reconstructed sectional pedicle images using Photoshop. The accuracy of pedicle screw placement was evaluated by determining the interrelationship between screw trajectory and pedicle cortex (qualitative) and measuring the shortest distance from pedicle screw axis to outer cortex of the pedicle (quantitative)., Results: Eighty pedicle screws were implanted respectively in each group. In traditional method group, statistical difference existed in the accuracy of pedicle screw placement at different axial rotational degrees (P < 0.05). With degrees increasing, the accuracy declined. The accuracy of intraoperative 3D navigation group was higher than traditional method group in vertebrae with axial rotation (P < 0.01). In qualitative evaluation, the accuracy of the two methods had statistical difference when the degree was 20°, and in quantitative evaluation, statistical difference existed in 5°, 10° and 20° of vertebral axial rotation., Conclusions: Screw malposition can be caused by vertebral axial rotation in lumbar spine using traditional method. Accuracy of pedicle screw placement declines with the increase of axial rotational degrees. However, the accuracy can be improved by using intraoperative 3D navigation.

Objective: To assess the effect of modified cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty preserving the posterior extensor musculature inserted into the C2 and C7 spinous process upon maintaining the cervical lordotic alignment and axial syndrome and to determine whether preserving the posterior extensor musculature inserted into C2 and C7 spinous process can reduce the complications., Methods: Twenty-eight patients undergoing modified cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty preserving the posterior extensor musculature inserted into the C2 and C7 spinous process and 21 patients undergoing conventional C3-C7 cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty were investigated in pre-operative, post-operative and 3-month follow-up. The investigators assessed the effects of two different cervical laminoplasty types in the recovery rate of JOA score, the changes of Cobb angle and Ishihara's index, axial syndrome, operating duration and intra-operative blood loss, analyzed the results in SPSS and tried to find the difference in two operative types., Results: There were the same results in the recovery rate of JOA score and intra-operative blood loss in modified expansive open-door cervical laminoplasty group and the conventional C3-C7 cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty group. The smaller changes of Cobb angle and Ishihara's index in the follow-up of modified laminoplasty group were found. The modified laminoplasty group had fewer patients suffering the axial syndrome in follow-up. The operating duration was shorter in the modified laminoplasty group., Conclusion: Preventing muscle injuries in cervical laminoplasty can reduce the incidence of complications. The modified expansive open-door cervical laminoplasty preserving the posterior extensor musculature inserted into C2 and C7 spinous process can protect cervical posterior extensor musculature. This is helpful to maintain the cervical lordotic alignment and reduce the incidence of post-operative axial syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative factors on the function of the cervical spine after Bryan artificial disc replacement., Methods: Fifty patients who underwent cervical disc replacement from December 2003 to January 2006 were investigated. The preoperative factors such as long course of disease, lose of motion or disc height at the operation level were evaluated for their effects on the motion of the operated disc and clinical results at the time of final follow-up. There were 35 males and 15 females. Thirty-nine patients received one-level disc replacement, 11 patients received two-level disc replacement. The age of patients was from 25 to 73 years, average was 49 years., Results: Until January 2009, 50 cases of all the 53 patient who got operation for more than 3 years were followed up. The follow up period was from 36.0 to 55.6 months, which showed a skewed distribution, with a median of 41.9 months. The patients, who got neural syndrome for more than 3 years, would have worse JOA recovery rate through the surgery compared with the patients who got neural syndrome less than 3 month. As for radiographic results, the preoperative range of movement (ROM) at the implanted disc spaces was 10.4 degrees +/- 5.0 degrees which had significant correlation with the most recent follow-up ROM which was 8.6 degrees +/- 4.8 degrees (r = 0.325, P < 0.05). The group which height ratio of the operative disc and the adjacent discs was less than 0.87 would have worse JOA recovery rate and range of motion at operated level at the most recent follow-up than the group more than 0.87 with statistical significance., Conclusions: For the patients with cervical spondylosis or cervical disc herniation who get nervous syndrome for more than 3 years, will have worse JOA recovery rate through the surgery, so the patient should get the operation in time to achieve better improvement. When the operated level is severe degenerated, the motion of the replaced disc and the clinical results is dissatisfied at the time of final follow-up, so it is the relative contraindications for the cervical disc replacement.

Objective: To study the short-term clinical outcome of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) by minimally invasive approach in the treatment of simple foraminal stenosis (SFS)., Methods: Thirty four cases (M: F = 19: 15) diagnosed with SFS from January. 2007 to March. 2009 were included. Age ranged from 47 to 62 (mean: 57) years old. Patients generally had degenerative changes and decreased disc height on X-ray films at the indexed level. No stenosis within the spinal canal was found on myelograph and CTM. Sagittal images of MRI usually demonstrated narrowed foramina. Selective radiculograph and radicular blocking was used to make the definite diagnosis and to locate the involved nerve root. Double paramedian intermuscular approaches were adopted in all cases. Minimally invasive retractor systems, such as X-Tube and Pipeline etc., were used to facilitate the exposure, pedicle screw instrumentation and TLIF., Results: The average operation time was 2.76 hours. The average blood loss was 387.16 ml. All patients were encouraged to ambulate 2-3 days post-operation. The incisions healed uneventfully. At the final follow-up, instrumentations were maintained in an excellent position in all cases and JOA score improved by 31.14%., Conclusions: TLIF by minimally invasive approach is an effective method in treating patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis. The short-term clinical outcomes are satisfactory. This approach may avoid the injuries to paraspinal muscles, posterior ligaments, dura and nerve root of the uninvolved side.

The literatures about the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on language disorder in children with cerebral palsy were reviewed. The symptoms of language disorder in children with cerebral palsy and the procedures of rehabilitation treatments were analyzed. The acupuncture intervention on language disorder in children with cerebral palsy was investigated. It showed that the acupuncture intervention may markedly improve the condition of language disorder in children with cerebral palsy. However, the effectiveness is compared between comprehensive therapy and single therapy in the current literatures on acupuncture intervention. Therefore, the compa rison between comprehensive therapies was lacked, and the advantage of acupuncture intervention combined with other therapies was not demonstrated. In the future, the studies should focus on the combination of various therapies and the different effectiveness of different therapies. Furthermore, the studies should focus on the mechanism of acupuncture. Therefore, it may contribute to build a comprehensive treatment system in which acupuncture is dominatant for cere bral palsy in children.

Objective: To discuss the treatment and prevention of the complications resulted from intraoral mandibular angle reduction., Methods: From July 2002 to August 2008, 672 cases underwent intraoral mandibular angle reduction. The 59 cases with postoperative complications were treated and followed up., Results: No severe complication happened. In 18 cases with asymmetry, 13 cases improved through soft tissue adjustment, 5 cases were reoperated with good results. Intraoperative precise osteotomy was needed to prevent asymmetry. 3 cases with infection healed with drainage and anti-inflammatory treatment. Intraoperative aseptic manipulation and adequate drainage were necessary to prevent infection. 20 cases with labial numbness recovered 3 - 6 weeks later. 5 cases with temporary facial nerve injury recovered 2 - 3 months later. 12 cases with bleeding and hematoma were treated by dressing with pressure and drainage and healed 3 weeks later. Skin necrosis resulted from tight dressing occurred in one case, which were treated with skin graft. Intraoperative protection of nerve and vessels, as well as the dressing were very important., Conclusions: Most of the complications can be treated and recovered well. Preoperative design, precise manipulation and postoperative reliable dressing are the key points to prevent complications.

To evaluate JAK2V617F point mutation in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and its clinical significance, the point mutation was detected by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), and the clinical and laboratory features of 50 PV patients with JAK2V617F positive and negative mutations were analyzed and compared each other. The results showed that among 50 patients, 31 patients (62.0%) had JAK2V617F point mutation; 12 patients (24.0%) showed thrombosis and microvascular disturbances; 3 patients had chromosome karyotype abnormalities. As compared with negative mutation group, the age and leukocyte count in patients with JAK2V617F point mutation were older (57.5 +/- 10.0 vs 45.6 +/- 14.9, p < 0.05) and higher (16.2 +/- 6.7 vs 9.0 +/- 5.2, p < 0.05) respectively. It is concluded that the frequency of the JAK2V617F point mutation is 62.0% in PV patients, the age and leukocyte count of patients with JAK2V617F point mutation are older and higher respectively than those in negative mutation group.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the CDH13 gene and BCR/ABL fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) patients at different stages and explore their relationship., Methods: RNA was isolated from peripheral blood in 30 healthy adults, 22 primary CML patients and 25 blastic crisis of CML patients. We examined the expression of the CDH13 gene and BCR/ABL fusion gene using EVA Green real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Results: The expression of the BCR/ABL fusion gene in the patients with blastic crisis CML was 4.72 folds as that of the patients with primary CML. The expression of the CDH13 gene in the primary and blastic crisis CML patients was significantly reduced to 36% and 25% of that in healthy controls, respectively. Moreover, negative correlation was found between the expressions of these two genes., Conclusion: The study showed that the reduction of the CDH13 expression at different clinical stage of CML may account for the defective cell adhesion in CML, and the expression of the CDH13 gene was probably down-regulated by the BCR/ABL fusion gene.