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In order to solve the problems of BBO such as insufficient search scope in the early stage and easy to fall into local optimization in the later stage, this paper proposed an improved El-BBO which based on El. Firstly, the algorithm searched for new habitat around the original habitat, it enhanced the diversity of the initialization population. Secondly, the algorithm made improved habitat expansion, it improved the convergence efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, the algorithm used gradient de scent to make quadratic convergence in the field of optimal solution, which improved the convergence accuracy of the algorithm. This paper carried out 50 Monte Carlo experiments on 12 optimized test functions commonly used in CEC2014, the experimental results show that the overall performance of El-BBO is better than the other three intelligent optimization algorithms in terms of optimal fitness value, average fitness value and standard deviation. It shows that El-BBO can improve the ability to find the optimal solution and enhance the search stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]