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Synaptic plasticity is closely related to the development and repair after injury in the nervous system. Glial cells maintain close communication with neurons through energy transportation and signal transduction, which is an important way to promote synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes are closely related to synapses in morphology and function, and are an important factor in regulating synaptic plasticity. Microglia carry out two-way information interaction with synapses, which is a key regulator of synaptic plasticity during development and adulthood. Oligodendrocytes participate in the formation of myelin sheaths, provide metabolic substrates for synaptic transmission, which is a potential force to promote synaptic plasticity. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and synaptic plasticity, in order to provide the reference for further understanding the relationship between glial cells and synaptic plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]