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According to the characteristics of the structural details and failure mode of the multi-grid composite walls, horizontal weak layer failure criteria for deriving the expression of shear load-bearing capacity of the walls was proposed in this paper. The mechanism and characteristics of the failure criteria were investigated. Based on the horizontal weak layer failure criteria, and combined with experimental research on filling blocks under restraint, the formula for calculating the shear load-bearing capacity of the multi-grid composite walls was proposed, which was verified by experiments of multi-grid composite wall specimens. The shear load-bearing capacity calculation method for the wall was improved. Shear effect of the grid beam and vertical load to the wall were considered by the shear load-bearing capacity of the grid column, influence coefficient of grid constraint effect and influence coefficient of combined force, which is in accordance with the actual force and damage characteristics of the wall. The formula proposed in this paper is accurate and simple, and can be meet the accuracy requirement for general engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]