In addition to creating calligraphic works for sale, Wang Duo often used them as gifts to fulfill certain social obligations. The main recipients were his colleagues at work, local officials, and fellow artists. Among them, two groups were especially significant. First, Wang gave calligraphic works to local officials, which allowed him to maintain friendly relations with important families and enjoy certain privileges. Second, Wang also gave his valuable works to powerful Han officials in the Qing court in hopes of establishing a social network in the new dynasty. This clearly conflicts with the account of other former Ming officials in the Qing government, who described Wang as reluctant to serve the Manchus and as leading a decadent life. Here, Wang Duo's actual social attempts are revealed by the whereabouts of his calligraphic works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]