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The prefabricated light steel structure has many advantages such as lightweight, high strength, good seismic performance, and high construction speed. However, in implementation, there are shortcomings such as poor performance in heat preservation and sound insulation, poor surface layers bonding and immature complete set of technology. According to the above-mentioned problems, this paper proposes a new type of light steel structure system- light steel polystyrene foam concrete composite wall structure. Full-scale model tests were carried out on five wall panels under cyclic horizontal loading. The test results indicate that the composite walls yield when the inter-story drift angle is around 1/300 and the maximum inter-story drift angle reaches 1/50. The shear capacity of the composite wall is 3. 3 times of the non-filling material wall, while the initial lateral stiffness of the composite wall is 4 times of the non-filling material wall. The shear capacity of the composite wall with skin increases by 43% than the composite wall without skin, and the internal and external wall panels can reduce polystyrene foam concrete cracking. The failure modes, hysteresis performance, shear resistance, ductility, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation of the wall were analyzed, which showed that the composite wall has good seismic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]