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With the strategy of development driven by innovation, the innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities has been changing and developing steadily from the perspective of ecosystems. However, the ecosystem is fragmented and lacks synergy as before. It cannot meet the market demand of innovative and entrepreneurial talents and the need for self-worth of the college students. In order to enhance the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and improve the quality of the innovative talents, this paper builds the ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, relying on the collaborative innovation platform required by regional economic and social development and industrial transformation and upgrading. It introduces Niche theory to analyze the Niche relationship of ecological factors, and studies the interaction mechanism of various elements of ecosystem by the strategy of Niche separation, expansion and co-evolution, making the complementary advantages and co-evolution of the ecological elements of innovation and entrepreneurship education have been realized, and promoting the dynamic balance of the innovation and entrepreneurship education ecosystem in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]