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Equus Linnaeus animals, as large non-ruminant herbivores, harbor a diverse array of microorganisms in their gastrointestinal tract, and the microbial composition varies across different segments of the gut. These microorganisms play a crucial role in the efficient utilization of feed, especially for nutrients that cannot be readily degraded by endogenous enzymes or are minimally susceptible to endogenous enzymatic breakdown. The intestinal microbiota of Equus Linnaeus animals interacts with the host, participating in energy metabolism and immune regulation. External factors (such as diet composition and environmental conditions) and internal factors (including age, gender, and genetic background) can disrupt the balance of intestinal microorganisms, leading to digestive system disorders such as diarrhea, colic, and colitis. The article provides an overview of core microbial communities in the Equus Linnaeus animals intestinal tract, community structures in different gut segments, factors influencing gut microbiota, and the relationship between gut microbiota and overall health. The aim is to serve as a reference for research related to the intestinal microbiota of Equus Linnaeus animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]