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Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With global warming, heat stress has become one of the research hotspots in livestock industry. Heat stress has negative impacts on production performance and body welfare of dairy cattle in varying degrees, which not only reduces the feed intake and milk production performance, but also damages reproductive capacity and body immunity. The paper summarizes the harm of heat stress on dairy cattle in main aspects, and explains the nutritional managements for preventing and alleviating heat stress from the aspects of feed structure, feed additives, etc., as to reduce the negative impact of heat stress on dairy cattle. The article has great significance for improving milk production in high temperature season and improving milk quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecological Science is the property of Ecological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecological Science is the property of Ecological Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Global warming has changed the thermal and dynamic environment of climate effects, further exacerbating the uneven distribution of water in China within the year, and the threat of drought will continue to intensify. Flood control and drought resistance are equally important at present. How to reasonably utilize the flood control capacity of reservoirs and raise the flood control level is the key to alleviating the supply-demand contradiction of water resources in China. In the face of new situations, combining the existing operation regulations of the Three Gorges Reservoir and long series of historical runoff data, this paper takes the Three Gorges Reservoir as the object and formulates different flood control level schemes to analyze the benefits and risks of raising the flood control level of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results indicate that relying on the current forecast level and the joint operation of upstream reservoirs, the flood control risk of the Three Gorges Reservoir flood control level rising to 155-157 m is controllable. It will not lower the flood control standards of Jingjiang and increase the risk of backwater flooding in the reservoir area. When the flood control level of the Three Gorges is raised to 153 m, the average annual power genertion reached its maximum value of 102.9 billion kWh, an increase of 16.7% compared to the initial design value. Consistent with years of statistical law, the Three Gorges Reservoir reaches its maximum power generation capacity in both wet and normal years when the flood control level increases to 153 m. Higher flood control level in dry years, resulting in better power generation efficiency. The flood control benefits are negatively correlated with the flood control level, but the average annual flood detention volume of different schemes varies by 1.5 billion m3. It has changed little. The benefits of water resources are positively correlated with the flood control level. The starting water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir increases synchronously with the rise in the flood control level. When the flood control level rises to 147 m, the full storage rate of the Three Gorges Reservoir can reach 100% by the end of October. For every 1m increase in flood control level, the average annual outflow of water during the storage period can increase by about 500 million m3. Relying on the current forecast level and the joint operation of upstream reservoirs, the flood control risk of the Three Gorges Reservoir s flood control water level rising to 155- 157 m is controllable. Considering both benefits and risks, the flood control level of the Three Gorges Reservoir can be raised to 153 m at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of climate warming on world agricultural production and food security has become increasingly obvious. As an important source of carbon emissions and the carbon sink system, the green development of agriculture is one of the important ways to alleviate the crisis and achieve China' s goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. Exploiting the potential of agricultural carbon sinks and accurately calculating agricultural net carbon emissions are of great significance to promoting the green development of agriculture meeting the ' dual carbon' goals. Based on the dual characteristics of the agricultural carbon cycle, this paper sorted out the logical relationship between agricultural green development and the agricultural carbon cycle, incorporated the role of agricultural carbon sinks into the calculation framework of agricultural carbon emissions, and measured China' s agricultural net carbon emissions from 2000 to 2019 by time and region. The decoupling model of agricultural net carbon emissions from agricultural economic growth was constructed. The results of the study found that the total amount of carbon emissions from agricultural sources increased from 277.899 million t in 2000 to 308.383 1 million t in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 0.52%, but the agricultural carbon emission intensity showed a trend of continuous decline; the agricultural carbon sink increased from 99.539 9 million t in 2000 to 133.039 million t in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 1.46%, and the agricultural carbon sink resources were considerable. The intensity of agricultural carbon source emissions was higher in the west than in other regions and there was a clear gap with the eastern region. The total amount of agricultural carbon source emissions, carbon sinks, and net carbon emissions all showed a medium-high pattern. The decoupling relationship between agricultural economic growth and agricultural net carbon emissions was mainly manifested in two decoupling states: strong decoupling and weak decoupling. Nearly 50% of the provinces achieved the ideal strong decoupling state in terms of agricultural green development, while the remaining provinces were in a weak decoupling state, and the decoupling state was generally ideal. Finally, this paper puts forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions to promote the green development of agriculture and help achieve the ' dual carbon' goals: we should accurately locate the carbon source; ensure the ' double bottom line' of food security and pig production capacity under low-carbon agriculture; resolve the resource endowment differences between regions; explore the potential of the agricultural carbon trading market; create a new path for farmers to increase their income, maintain the strong and improve the weak; and strive to achieve the ' package' of strong decoupling in agriculture to help achieve the ' dual carbon' goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change would increase the frequency of extreme weather events threatening sustainable agricultural production as a warmed atmosphere has significant effects on functions of soil-crop systems. Although moderate drought is known to improve plant water use efficiency (WUE), how warming combined with drought affects terrestrial ecosystems remains largely unknown. Evolutionally, different plants have developed different strategies to facilitate water acquisition, and their physiological and morphological traits respond to drought in different ways. In this paper, we reviewed the combined effects of warming and drought on water and carbon dynamics in cropped lands in three aspects: global climate change and its underlying drivers; effects of warming, drought and other climate change factors on water/carbon dynamics; unknown/known problems and future research directions. Global warming induced by the increased population, carbon emissions from fossil fuel and increase in drought frequency will all pose a significant impact on water and carbon in farmland. Warming will change the amount of biomass thereby affecting crop growth and water use efficiency, in addition to the accelerated soil organic carbon (SOC) loss. In the above-ground, drought will reduce photosynthetic rate and transpiration, while in the below-ground, it will reduce microbial activity and slow down SOC decomposition, thereby inhibiting soil CO2 emissions. Climate change is likely to change the precipitation pattern, which in turn will alter soil respiration. Apparently, there is a lack of studies on water and carbon cycles under combined influence of drought and increasing temperature. This should be strengthened as water and carbon cycles in soil-crop systems are likely to be affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors including soil water, temperature, carbon and nutrient concentration, in order to provide a mechanistic understanding of their combined effects on functions of farmland ecosystems as well as their feedback interaction with global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pearl River is the property of Pearl River Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Communication & Culture is the property of Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Mass Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Petrocodon Hance is one of the famous ornamental flowers, but most of them are assessed as extremely dangerous (CR), or at least above vulnerable (VU) due to climate turbulence and strong interference of human activities. To reconstruct the temporal and spatial changes of the potential suitable areas of Petrocodon since the last interglacial period, and explore the response of the suitable areas to environmental changes, which provided theoretical guidance for the origin of Petrocodon, the study of geographical differentiation, the conservation of unique germplasm resources in China, and the development and utilization of gardens. In this paper, combined with 120 distribution records and 17 environmental variables, the optimal MaxEnt model and geographic information technology (ArcGIS) were used to simulate the suitable areas and distribution pattern of Petrocodon in China and Indo-China Peninsula. Based on stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, redundancy analysis and Monte-Carlo test, the dominant variables affecting the current geographical distribution of Petrocodon were evaluated. The results were as follows: (1) The prediction accuracy of the optimized MaxEnt model was high, and the AUC value was greater than 0.96. The potential suitable areas of Petrocodon for the present distribution are continuous from Southwest China to North Vietnam, scattered in central and southern China and blocky in North Myanmar, of which the South Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China was the most suitable. (2) The environmental variables which restrict the geographical distribution of Petrocodon included precipitation of the driest month (bio14), precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18), precipitation of the wettest quarter (bio16), SD of the temperature seasonality (bio4), min temperature of the coldest month (bio6) and altitude (alt). (3) Under the climate change scenario, the expansion and contraction areas of the suitable habitat of Petrocodon were located in the north and northeast of the current potential distribution area, which were sensitive areas susceptible to climate change. During the last interglacial period, the suitable area of Petrocodon expanded on a large scale, but there was almost no suitable distribution area of Petrocodon in the dry and cold environment during the last glacial maximum. After that, with the aggravation of climate warming, the suitable habitats of Petrocodon increased rapidly to high latitudes, while the suitable habitat in low latitudes decreased. (4) The centroid position of the suitable area for Petrocodon migrated northwards from Yongfu County, Guangxi (110.10° E, 24.69° N) to Chengbu County, Hunan (110.29° E, 26.05° N). To sum up, global warming has a positive impact on the potential distribution area of Petrocodon, but extreme warming will cause the suitable habitat of Petrocodon to shrink, and the niche of Petrocodon will narrow. Southwest China to North Vietnam, which has the advantage of mature karst landform, may be its main refuge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing frequency of global warming and extreme weather, climate shocks have become a serious challenge for sustainability. The increase of residential income and the popularization of housing appliances enable residents change their energy consuming behaviors to adapt the adverse effects of climate shocks to improve living comfort. Thus, using temperature as a measure of climate shock, we evaluate how household energy consumption reacts to climatic shocks measured by cooling degree days, heating degree days and temperature intervals using panel data at city level in China. The results show that temperature changes have significantly altered household electricity consumption. 1℃ increase in annual cooling degree days and heating degree days leads to an increase of household electricity consumption by 20% and 8.5%, respectively, while the impacts on other energy types are not statistically significant. We found an asymmetric U-shaped relationship between temperature and household electricity consumption. Comparing to the 18～24°C, the impact of temperature increases on electricity consumption of summer is much larger than tempera-ture decreases in winter. It implies that global warming will have a net positive impact on electricity consumption, forming a positive feedback loop. The magnitude of response to electricity consumption on temperature changes shows a substantial heterogeneity over economic development and regional differences. This paper provides new insights for the demand-side management in the context of climate shocks, and enables government to make better informed policies in climate governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thickness of black soil layer is an important parameter to evaluate the soil quality in Northeast China. To find out its spatial distribution and secular variation; the paper conducts field investigation on the present condition of 61 typical soil profiles from the Second National Soil Survey in the black soil region of Northeast China and analyzes the variation of black soil layer thickness. The results show that the thickness of black soil layer has decreased by12 cm on average, with the mean thinning rate of 0.32 cm/a in the past 40 years. The thinning thickness of black soil layer in four provinces/regions are significantly different, with the largest thickness and proportion of black soil layer thinning and the most severe ecological risk in Jilin (23.65 cm), followed by Liaoning (11.83 cm), Inner Mongolia (10.33 cm) and Heilongjiang (6.83 cm). There is a remarkable negative correlation between the black soil layer thickness variation and rising temperature in Jilin Province, indicating that with the climate warming, soil organic matter decreases obviously, and also the thickness of black soil layer. In addition, water erosion is also an important factor affecting the thickness thinning of black soil layer. It is suggested the study on black soil thickness determination and spatial mapping be strengthened in the future, which is ofgreat significance to guide the protection and utilization of black land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the continuous warming of the global climate, the ecological environment and water resources in the Yangtze River Basin are apt to be affected. The analysis and study of the future precipitation change trend in the region will help to provide a theoretical basis for water resources management and ecological protection in the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the observed precipitation data and precipitation data output from 13 global climate models of the Sixth International Coupled Model Comparison Program (CMIP6) with bias correction, this paper evaluates the precipitation simulation ability of climate models in the Yangtze River Basin from 1995 to 2014. The temporal and spatial variation trends of precipitation in 2021-2040 (near term), 2041-2070 (middle term), and 2071-2100 (long term) are analyzed under four SSP scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results show that: ① The model data with bias correction can simulate the characteristics of precipitation well in the Yangtze River Basin on the spatial and temporal scale, which is close to the observed values. ② The annual precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin will increase significantly with the increase in the radiation forcing level. Compared with the historical period (1995-2014), the annual precipitation growth in each scenario is relatively flat in the near term, and the precipitation growth is the largest in the long term. In general, seasonal precipitation shows the largest increase in winter, and the increase in spring and summer precipitation is relatively gentle. In autumn, except for the negative value of the precipitation change rate in the near term under the scenario SSP3-7.0, the other scenarios and periods are slowly increasing with lower change rates. ③ Spatially, the regions with larger annual precipitation increase are concentrated on the source region of the Yangtze River and the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River with relatively less precipitation. The high value center of spring precipitation increase is in the source area and the north of the middle and upper reaches, while the precipitation change rate is low in the south of the basin. The precipitation increment in summer and autumn is relatively low, and the near term and middle-term precipitation in the northern part of the middle and upper reaches is lower than that in the historical period. In winter, the precipitation in the whole basin has increased, which shows that the precipitation change rate in the north of the Yangtze River Basin is the largest, and it is smaller in the south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on 99 clear sky Terra satellite images of Chengdu City in 2005-2010, and by using a novel automatic extraction method of suburb temperature, i. e., each city-circle temperature jump, this paper studied the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the urban heat island (UHI) effect in the City in 2005-2010, and analyzed the causes of the variation characteristics. In the study period, the central area of the largest and strongest UHI was in the Jinhua Town located in the southwest of Chengdu. The UHI effect had no significant spatial variation, but the range and intensity of the UHI effect tented to be decreased. The intra-annual UHI intensity and area within the ring roads showed a three-peak distribution pattern, with the peak values appeared in April, July, and October, and the intensity reached the maximum in July. The UHI intensity in Chengdu was attenuated by the decrease of air temperature and the increase of precipitation and urban vegetation cover.

Coastal salt marsh has higher potential of carbon sequestration, playing an important role in mitigating global warming, while coastal saline soil is the largest organic carbon pool in the coastal salt marsh carbon budget. To study the carbon deposition and burial in this soil is of significance for clearly understanding the carbon budget of coastal salt marsh. This paper summarized the research progress on the deposition and burial of organic carbon in coastal salt marsh from the aspects of the sources of coastal salt marsh soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon storage and deposition rate, burial mechanisms of soil organic carbon, and the relationships between the carbon sequestration in coastal salt marsh and the global climate change. Some suggestions for the future related researches were put forward: 1) to further study the underlying factors that control the variability of carbon storage in coastal salt marsh, 2) to standardize the methods for measuring the carbon storage and the deposition and burial rates of organic carbon in coastal salt marsh, 3) to quantify the lateral exchange of carbon flux between coastal salt marsh and adjacent ecosystems under the effects of tide, and 4) to approach whether the effects of global warming and the increased productivity could compensate for the increase of the organic carbon decomposition rate resulted from sediment respiration. To make clear the driving factors determining the variability of carbon sequestration rate and how the organic carbon storage is affected by climate change and anthropogenic activities would be helpful to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of coastal salt marshes in China.

Taking a rice-wheat rotation system in the suburb of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of East China as test object, this paper studied the fluxes of CH4 and N2O and their annual dynamics under different farming managements in 2010-2011, and the field observation data were applied to validate the process-based model, denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model, aimed to approach the applicability of the model to this rotation system, and to use this model to simulate the effects of different environmental factors and farming managements on the global warming potentials (GWPs) of CH4 and N2O. The results showed that except in the treatment control and during wheat growth season, the simulated cumulative emissions of CH4 and N2O from the rotation system in all treatments were basically in coincide with the observed data, the relative deviations being from 7. 1% to 26.3%, and thus, the DNDC model could be applied to simulate the GWPs of cumulative emissions of CH4 and N2O as affected by various environmental factors or management practices. The sensitivity test showed that the GWPs of CH4 and N2O varied significantly with the changes of environmental factors such as the mean annual air temperature, soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil texture, and soil pH. Farming managements such as N fertilization, straw returning, and duration of mid-season drainage also had significant effects on the GWPs of CH4 and NO20. Therefore, the above-mentioned environmental factors and farming managements should be taken into account to estimate the greenhouse gases emission from the rice-wheat cropping system on site-specific or regional scale.

The increasing demand of adaptive management of land, forest, and water resources under the background of global change and water resources crisis has promoted the comprehensive study of coupling ecosystem water and carbon cycles and their restrictive relations. To construct the water-carbon coupling model and to approach the ecosystem water-carbon balance and its interactive response mechanisms under climate change at multiple spatiotemporal scales is nowadays a major concern. After reviewing the coupling relationships of water and carbon at various scales, this paper explored the implications and estimation methods of the key processes and related parameters of water-carbon coupling, the construction of evapotranspiration model at large scale based on RS, and the importance of this model in water-carbon coupling researches. The applications of assimilative multivariate data in water-carbon coupling researches under future climate change scenarios were also prospected.

By using 24 landscape metrics, this paper evaluated the urban heat island effect in parts of Beijing downtown area. QuickBird (QB) images were used to extract the landscape type information, and the thermal bands from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images were used to extract the land surface temperature (LST) in four seasons of the same year. The 24 landscape pattern metrics were calculated at landscape and class levels in a fixed window with 120 mx 120 m in size, with the applicability of these traditional landscape metrics in evaluating the urban heat island effect examined. Among the 24 landscape metrics, only the percentage composition of landscape (PLAND), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI), coefficient of Euclidean nearest-neighbor distance variance (ENN_CV), and landscape division index (DIVISION) at landscape level were significantly correlated with the LST in March, May, and November, and the PLAND, LPI, DIVISION, percentage of like adjacencies, and interspersion and juxtaposition index at class level showed significant correlations with the LST in March, May, July, and December, especially in July. Some metrics such as PD, edge density, clumpiness index, patch cohesion index, effective mesh size, splitting index, aggregation index, and normalized landscape shape index showed varying correlations with the LST at different class levels. The traditional landscape metrics could not be appropriate in evaluating the effects of river on LST, while some of the metrics could be useful in characterizing urban LST and analyzing the urban heat island effect, but screening and examining should be made on the metrics.

By using the site-specific observation data of oil flax growth and related meteorological records in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau, this paper studied the effects of climate change on the oil flax growth, and analyzed the relationships between the oil flax water use efficiency and meteorological condition. In this region, the annual precipitation displayed a decreasing trend, and its climatic trend rate was -15.80 mm (10 a)(-1), with an annual periodic change of 3 a and 6 a, whereas the annual air temperature had an increasing trend, and its climatic trend rate was 0.36 degrees C (10 a)(-1). In crop growth period, the aridity index displayed a marked increasing trend, its climatic trend rate was 0.12 (10 a)(-1), and the aridity tendency was more obvious from the beginning of 1990s to the year 2009. From sowing to maturation, oil flax needed 120-150 d, 1700-2100 degrees C d of > or = 0 degrees C accumulated temperature, 200-250 mm precipitation, and 1000-1300 h sunshine hours. The main meteorological factors affecting the oil flax growth in the region were air temperature and precipitation. The increase of air temperature shortened the prophase vegetative growth stage, whereas the increase of air temperature and the decrease of precipitation extended the reproductive growth stage, causing the extension of the whole growth period of the oil flax. The air temperature in the oil flax whole growth period except at seeding stage and maturing stage had negative effect on the yield formation, being more obvious at squaring stage, whereas the precipitation in the whole growth period except at blooming stage had positive effect on the yield formation, being more obvious at seeding stage. The water use efficiency of the oil flax was significantly positively correlated with the air temperature and sunshine hours at seeding stage as well as the aridity index from squaring stage to maturing stage, and negatively correlated with the precipitation from squaring stage to maturing stage. In the study region, the aridity index from May to July was the key factor affecting the water use efficiency of oil flax.

Based on the measurements of rice growth and the ordinary meteorological observations from eight main agro-meteorological stations in Jiangsu Province in 1986-2007, this paper analyzed the characteristics of generation circulation corresponding to the abnormal strong and southern subtropical high pressure in 2003 (the year with a typically high temperature), the relationships between the abnormalities of subtropical high pressure and previous sea surface temperature, and the physiological responses of rice to the abnormal high temperature during its crucial development stages. In the meantime, a field correlation analysis was made on the relationships between the harm index of high temperature in the northern (Huaibei), middle (Jianghuai), and southern (Sunan) areas of Jiangsu and the sea surface temperature (SST) of Western Pacific. The results showed that the harm index of high temperature in the three areas was highly correlated with the SST of Nino area, northern area, and warm pool area of Western Pacific, respectively, but the significance and temporal evolution of the correlations varied among the areas. The transformation of SST was conducted to optimize its correlation with the harm index of high temperature, and an increased reliability of SST acting as a predictor of high temperature harm was obtained. The simulation results of the established models in predicting high temperature harm to rice in Huaibei, Jianghuai and Sunan areas of Jiangsu Province were significant at 0.01 level.

During the soil thawing period in spring, large amount of N2O was emitted from the forest soils in North China, being a major source of atmospheric greenhouse gases. However, the contribution of the emitted N2O and its responses to climatic change are unclear. In this paper, sampling plots of Larix gmelinii forest (including sapling, ground vegetation, and soil A and B horizons) with similar stand conditions in Tahe (52 degrees 31' N), Songling (50 degrees 43' N), Sunwu (49 degrees 13' N), and Dailing (47 degrees 05' N) were displaced to the south boundary of L. gmelinii natural distribution area to simulate that the plots were under climate warming, and their N2O fluxes were measured during the soil thawing period in spring 2007. For the four plots, the N2O fluxes all peaked at the mid- or late stage of soil thawing. The N2O flux of the plots from Dailing, Suwu, Songling, and Tahe during soil thawing period was averagely 66.5 +/- 9.3, 54.3 +/- 5.6, 44.3 +/- 5.3, and 33.5 +/- 3.7 microg x m(-2) h(-1), respectively, and significantly positively correlated to the soil temperature at 5 cm depth and the soil microbial biomass carbon at 0-10 cm depth. No significant relationship was observed between the N2O flux and soil moisture content. The soil N2O emission during soil thawing period differed significantly among the plots. Both the mean N2O flux and the cumulative N2O emission decreased with increasing latitude, mainly due to the differences in soil microbial activities and soil physical properties.

By using process model Sim-CYCLE based on dry matter production theory, this paper estimated the gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem carbon storage (WE), total plant carbon storage (WP), and total soil carbon storage (WS) of broad-leaved Korean pine forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountains from 1982 to 2003, and analyzed the variations of these indices under present climate condition and carbon equilibrium state as well as the responses of these indices to climate change scenarios in the future. Under present climate condition, the estimated GPP, NPP, and NEP were 14.9, 8.7, and 2.7 Mg C x hm(-2) x a(-1), being 2.8 Mg C x hm(-2) x a(-1) less and 1.4 and 0.2 Mg C x hm(-2) x a(-1) higher than the measured values, respectively. The NEP in June-August occupied more than 90% of the annual NEP, and the maximum monthly NEP appeared in July (1.23 Mg C x hm(-2) month(-1)). The estimated WE, WP, and WS were 550.8, 183.8, and 367.0 Mg C x hm(-2), respectively, very close to the measured values. From present climate condition to carbon equilibrium state, the estimated carbon storages of the forest ecosystem increased to some extent, with the GPP and NPP being 17.7 and 7.3 Mg C x hm(-2) x a(-1), respectively, suggesting that the role of the forest ecosystem as a carbon "sink" declined gradually with the increase of carbon storage. A 2 degree C-increment of air temperature did not benefit the increase of GPP, NPP and NEP, while doubling CO2 concentration was in adverse. The effects of the combination of doubling CO2 concentration and 2 degree C-increment of air temperature on the GPP, NPP, and NEP were similar to those of doubling CO2 concentration. The climate change scenario in the future had the same effects both on the carbon storage and on the productivity of the forest ecosystem, which was mainly correlated to the effects of primary productivity on the carbon storage.

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