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Objective To investigate the relationship between childhood bullying and loneliness of the floating elderly in mega-cities. Methods By using the method of quota sampling, an effective questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 000 migrant elderly people ≤ 60 years old in Qingyundian Town, Daxing District, Beijing in 2022. The information of social demography, loneliness, and childhood bullying were collected. Univariate analysis and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model were used to analyze the relationship between childhood bullying and loneliness of the floating elderly in mega-cities. Results After adjusting demographic variables, socio-economic status variables, physical health variables, length of stay in Beijing, and proficiency in Mandarin and social integration, the loneliness scores of floating elderly people in mega-cities who suffered childhood bullying increased by an average of 5.616 (4.153-7.079) points. Self-rated health, Mandarin proficiency, marital satisfaction, and social integration played a regulatory role in "childhood bullying-loneliness". Compared with model 1, the 95%CI of models 2, 3, and 4 changed from 8.014 (6.580-9.447) to 7.498 (6.027-8.968), 7.402 (5.961-8.843), and 5.616 (4.153-7.079), respectively. Sub-sample regression showed that the results were stable in different gender, age, household registration, and marriage and spouse mobility (all P < 0.01), but there were differences in education level. Conclusion The floating elderly in mega-cities who suffered childhood bullying have a higher level of loneliness, and self-rated health, proficiency of Mandarin, marital satisfaction, and social integration are helpful to weaken the above-mentioned relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--As a significant ecological safeguard measure, the new round of returning farmland to forests project is of great ecological significance for ecological protection in Beijing and Tianjin. However, as a policy measure involving the withdrawal of farmers' cultivated land, whether it can guarantee the continuous in-crease of farmers' income and the stability of farmers' consumption is more worthy of discussion. (2) Methods--Based on the micro-panel data of 1115 farmers from 223 rural households in the "Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Treatment Project Monitoring" project from 2013 to 2017, this paper used the random effect model and the mediating effect model to study the impact of the new round of returning farmland to forests on the rural households' income and consumption and the effect mechanism on the rural households' consumption. (3) Results--The new round of returning farmland to forests significantly increased the total family income of the rural households, and had a significant positive impact on the total family income and operational income of the rural households at the level of 10%. However, the new round of returning farmland to forests did not improve the income structure of the rural households, and did not significantly affect the wage income, property income and transfer income of the rural households. The factors such as the farmers' education level and the number of migrant workers had a significant positive impact on the wage income. Overall, the income of the rural households was still dominated by operational income. The new round of returning farmland to forests significantly increased the total family consumption of the rural households, especially the basic consumption and productive consumption. However, there was no significant increase in children's education consumption, medical consumption and interpersonal communication consumption, which also indicated that the consumption structure of the rural households was still in basic consumption. The new round of returning farmland to forests had a positive impact on the rural households' consumption through the mediating variable of increasing the rural households' income, which verified the transmission mechanism that the farmers participated in the new round of returning farmland to forests to promote the increase of their income, and then affected their consumption. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--First, appropriately raise the subsidy standards and improve the compensation mechanism. Especially for areas prone to return to poverty and ecological functional areas, reasonable compensation standards can make up part of the losses caused by the farmers' participation in the project of returning farmland to forests. In addition, the government can implement a dynamic compensation mechanism according to the actual local situation, so that the subsidy standard is in line with the actual social and economic development situation. Second, actively promote the centralized utilization and circulation of the remaining finely fragmented land through the separation of the three rights of land. On one hand, the circulation of the fragmented land can improve the utilization rate of land, on the other hand, it can promote the flow of labor forces, so as to promote the increase of the rural households' income and the improvement of consumption structure. Third, actively implement the reform policy of forest rights, ensure clear rights to the rural households, and fully improve the promotion role of property rights income on the farmers' willingness to return farmland to forests. In addition, the farmers can also use forest rights as collateral to obtain loans to inject financial impetus into forestry production. Fourth, encourage the development of undergrowth economy and develop three-dimensional agriculture such as fruit industry, under-forest breeding industry, forage-grass planting industry, medicinal materials planting industry according to local conditions. However, while developing the corresponding undergrowth economy, we should also pay attention to the maintenance of forest nutrients, which is conducive to the sustainable and circular development of forestry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the controversy over the format of questions from the 1932 Tsinghua University Entrance Examination. Details are provided about changes made to the couplet questions and essay portion of the examination. According to the article, protests from university applicants and the general public influenced the University's undergraduate admissions policies during 1932. The public scrutiny of the University's Entrance Examination is described and information about contemporary newspaper articles and letters regarding the examination is included.

In order to evaluate the seismic performance of precast column of assembled monolithic subway station, three full-scale precast concrete interior columns and three full-scale cast-in-place concrete interior columns were designed based on the assembled monolithic subway station in Beijing. Main seismic behaviors of interior columns were studied under low-cyclic reversed loading, such as failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, bearing capacity, deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and optimum axial compression ratio under different axial compression ratios (0.2, 0.5, 0.85). The results show that the horizontal bearing capacity of columns increases while the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity decrease with the increase of axial compression ratio. The failure modes are almost similar under the same axial compression ratio, but the position of plastic hinge of precast column moves upwards gradually. Although the deformability of precast columns is worse than that of cast-in-place columns when the axial compression ratio is 0.2, the results are opposite when the axial compression ratios are 0.5 and 0.85. Especially, the advantage of precast column is obvious when the axial compression ratio is 0.5. The energy dissipation capacity of precast column decreases with the increase of axial compression ratio and it dereases significantly compared with cast-in-place concrete column. The ductility of precast column is 1.16-1.33 times of cast-in- place column and they decrease gradually with the increase of axial compression ratio, but decreased degree of displacement ductility of precast columns is obviously larger than that of cast-in-place columns. Based on bearing capacity and deformability with the same axial compression ratio, the appropriate axial compression ratio is suggested to be about 0.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]