Search

Chronic low-grade inflammation is the common pathological basis of various diseases, and diet is a key factor in regulating the level of chronic low-grade inflammation. Assessing the potential of individual dietary inflammation can timely understand the impact on the level of chronic low-grade inflammation in the body, and help develop and implement personalized dietary management plans to promote healthy dietary behavior and reduce disease risk. This article reviews the potential evaluation tools for dietary inflammation both domestically and internationally, including their characteristics, main content, current application status, and limitations. It aims to provide reference for the development and rational selection of evaluation tools for dietary inflammation potential in China, and provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for the formulation of dietary prevention and control strategies in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that there is a reduction in the quality of life of patients with osteosarcopenia and an increase in the risk of hospitalization. Compared to patients with osteoporosis or sarcopenia alone, patients with osteosarcopenia have a higher risk of falls and fractures. However, there are few epidemiological reports on osteosarcopenia, with the relationship between bones and muscles being unknown, and few treatment measures have developed. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the interaction between bone and muscle and the prevention and treatment of osteosarcopenia, thereby calling for an early intervention system. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI were searched for relevant articles published from 1996 to 2020 using the keywords of “osteosarcopenia, epidemiology, interaction between skeleton and muscle, intervention, treatment.” A total of 424 articles were initially examined, and 74 articles were finally included for analysis and summary after screening and sorting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone and muscle have similar tissue origin and are differentiated from each other under in vivo or in vitro factors. The adjacent anatomical relationship provides the basic conditions for mechanical signals and chemical signals. The interaction between bone and muscle is mainly realized through mechanical stimulation and its secreted bioactive factors. Like most diseases, the prevention of osteosarcopenia is more important than its treatment. Bone and muscle mass peaks at a young age and then begins to decline with age. The complex and multifactorial characteristics of osteosarcopenia require multifaceted prevention and treatment strategies. The main prevention and treatment measures include: resistance training, nutrition diet therapy, drug therapy, etc. Currently, no enough attention has been paid to osteosarcopenia in China. Therefore, establishing the corresponding early intervention system in China is lagging behind or even a gap in relevant fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the clinical application of the modified nutritional risk screening tool and nutrition assessment in pediatric patients in China, and to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a standardized nutritional management process for pediatric patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the nutritional risk screening and nutrition assessment data of 16 249 hospitalized children. According to the degree of nutritional risk, the children were divided into a high nutritional risk group with 588 children, a moderate nutritional risk group with 4 330 children, and a non-nutritional risk group with 11 331 children. Nutrition assessment results were compared between groups. The composition of nutritional risk screening scores and the impact of nutritional risk screening on the rate of nutrition support therapy were analyzed. Results The incidence rate of nutritional risk was 30.27% (4 918/16 249), and the incidence rates of malnutrition and overnutrition were 27.37% (4 448/16 249) and 11.29% (1 834/16 249), respectively. Nutrition assessment results were significantly correlated with nutritional risk (≥5 years old: rs=0.313, P<0.05; <5 years old: rs=-0.304, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the composition of scoring items between the groups with different nutritional risks (P<0.05). With the implementation of nutritional risk screening, there was a gradual increase in the rate of nutrition support therapy year by year (P<0.05). Conclusions There is a high incidence rate of nutritional risk in hospitalized children. The use of the modified pediatric nutritional risk screening tool can promote the implementation of standardized nutritional management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is common in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and is an independent risk factor for survival, therefore it should be treated as the same important guideline as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. However, up to now, there is no clinical nutrition guideline for patients with ESLD in China. In order to standardize the nutrition treatment, Chinese Society of Hepatology (CSH) and Chinese Society of Gastroenterology (CSGE), Chinese Medical Association(CMA) co-organized and co-developed this guideline. Recommendations on nutritional screening and assessment as well as principles of intervention and management in patients with ESLD were provided to help clinicians make rational decisions on clinical malnutrition.

Objective: To study the effect of nutrition intervention on the body composition and blood glucose in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with overweight and obesity. Methods: A total of 84 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with overweight and obesity were selected from the department of endocrinology in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from April 2015 to December 2016. Basic information and body composition of these patients were collected and measured. Also the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the dietary status in the past month, and calculate the intake of energy, three major nutrients and dietary fiber. All patients received nutrition intervention by nutritionist for three months as requested by Diabetes guidelines. After 3-month intervention, blood glucose, body composition and dietary status were examined again. Relevant indicators of patients were compared before and after the intervention. All patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of body mass index (BMI)'s change: <5%, 5%-10% and >10%. The differences of body weight, muscle, body fat rate, visceral fat index and blood glucose level among three groups were quantified. Results: There were 53 male patients with age (41.5±8.9) years and HbA1c (7.5±0.4)%, and 31 female patients with age (40.1±8.5) years with HbA1c (7.6±0.5)%. The intake of energy, carbohydrate and fat of patients were significantly decreased ( P< 0.05) and dietary fiber was significantly increased ( P< 0.05) after nutrition intervention. The body weight, muscle mass, fat mass and visceral fat index were also significantly decreased ( P< 0.05). The average decrease of fat was about 2.8 kg accounting for 73.7% (2.8 kg/3.8 kg) of the total weight loss. The body fat rate decreased from (31.2±3.1)% to (28.8±3.2)% ( P< 0.05). The fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose were both decreased significantly after intervention ( P< 0.05). Among three BMI decreased groups, there was no significant difference in body weight and muscle mass ( P> 0.05), but a significant difference in body fat rate and visceral fat index ( P< 0.05). The body fat rate, visceral fat index, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose had more decreases with the greater amount of weight loss ( P< 0.05). Conclusion: The three-month nutrition intervention could change the dietary habit and components of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing the blood glucose, body fat rate and visceral fat index significantly. The degree of reduced BMI is positively related to the decrease of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose.

Objective: To explore the electroencephalographic changes of patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) after dietetic treatments., Methods: From July 2005 to February 2010, 34 HPA patients with abnormal electroencephalograms were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Their electroencephalographic results and clinical features were compared before and after dietetic and antiepileptic treatments. There were 16 males and 18 females with an age range of 2 months to 8 years. All electroencephalographic results were abnormal. Among them, there were epileptic discharges (n = 17), atypical sharp-slow wave complex (n = 1) and slow wave background (n = 16). All patients received a low intake of phenylalanine at 13-50 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1). Twenty patients had antiepileptic drug therapy. Before and after treatment for 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, blood phenylalanine concentration, electroencephalogram, convulsion and other clinical parameters were observed. Before and after 1 year treatment, the tests of developmental quotient (DQ) or intelligence quotient (IQ) were performed., Results: The phenylalanine concentrations of the same patient group decreased significantly after 3 months, 6 months, 1 and 2 years after dietetic treatment ( (0.51 ± 0.39) , (0.50 ± 0.29), (0.59 ± 0.42), (0.53 ± 0.27) vs (1.33 ± 0.64) mmol/L, all P = 0.000). Among 19 epileptic cases, 16 ceased after treatment. And 14 stayed convulsion-free within 3 months post-treatments, 2 cases had intermittent tonic-clonic seizures while there was 1 case of focal seizures. Fourteen cases withdrew antiepileptic medications or reduced their doses. After treatment, the electroencephalographic results became totally normal in 8 of the 19 epileptic cases. Electroencephalographic results improved in 5 cases versus pre-treatment. Spikes were controlled in 10 cases including 5 patients with hyperarrhythmia in the abnormal electroencephalographic group with epilepsy. Six cases continued abnormal electroencephalogram. In the abnormal electroencephalographic group without epilepsy (n = 15) , electroencephalograms were normal (n = 3), improved (n = 6) and continued mild abnormal waves (n = 2). However, there were 4 cases with deteriorated electroencephalogram and 3 of them showed spikes. DQ (IQ) was evaluated in 16 cases. And variable mental retardation was observed in all of them. After, year treatment, 7 cases were evaluated DQ (IQ), and their results showed improved (57 ± 16 vs 50 ± 16, t = -5.42, P = 0.002)., Conclusions: Etiological treatment for HPA patients is important for controlling epilepsy and improving brain function. And electroencephalogram is useful for monitoring brain functions and evaluating treatment outcomes.

Objective: To find out the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) genetic polymorphism and nutrition intervention to blood lipid abnormal population., Methods: 412 hyperlipemia residents of Han group were screened from 3 main districts in Nanjing by multistage stratified cluster random sampling, and separated into nutritional intervention and control group by simple random method. The intervention group (221 individuals) were provided with coarse good grain and health education while only health education was provided for the control group (191 individuals). Medical examinations (including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG)) were taken every 6 months between March 2007 and March 2008, and PPARgamma2 genetic polymorphism was also detected later., Results: After intervention, TC levels of intervention group and control group were (4.90 +/- 0.86) and (5.16 +/- 0.94) mmol/L respectively; TG levels were (1.68 +/- 0.97) and (2.29 +/- 1.10) mmol/L respectively; HDL-C levels were (1.35 +/- 0.36) and (1.16 +/- 0.33) mmol/L respectively, all of the differences were significant in statistics (t values were -2.95, -6.01, 5.55 respectively, P < 0.01). The levels of BMI ((24.81 +/- 3.21) kg/m(2)), WHR (0.88 +/- 0.07), FBG ((5.40 +/- 1.17) mmol/L), TC ((4.92 +/- 0.87) mmol/L) and TG ((1.68 +/- 1.01) mmol/L) decreased significantly (t values were 19.06, 16.43, 1.98, 8.86, -14.32 respectively, P < 0.01) compared to the levels before intervention (BMI (25.39 +/- 3.30) kg/m(2), WHR (0.92 +/- 0.07), FBG (6.07 +/- 2.17) mmol/L, TC (5.28 +/- 0.94) mmol/L and TG (2.70 +/- 1.86) mmol/L), while HDL-C (1.37 +/- 0.36) mmol/L increased significantly compared to the level before intervention (1.13 +/- 0.42) mmol/L (t = -7.68, P < 0.01) in the individuals with Pro/Pro of intervention group. WHR (0.90 +/- 0.06) and TG ((1.71 +/- 0.59) mmol/L) decreased significantly compared to the levels before intervention (WHR (0.95 +/- 0.06) and TG (2.58 +/- 1.12) mmol/L) (t values were -3.53 and -8.05 respectively, P < 0.01) in the ones with Pro/Ala. Moreover, susceptibility of change for BMI in Pro/Pro genotype carriers ((-1.21 +/- 1.02) kg/m(2)) was significantly greater than that in Pro/Ala genotype carriers ((-0.58 +/- 1.85) kg/m(2), t = -6.29, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Several indices of individuals with Pro/Pro improved obviously after nutrition intervention, which showed that effects of intervention to these people were better than those with Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala.

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in the world. According to National data from 2002 Nutrition and Health Survey in China, the prevalence of hypertensions in adult was about 18.8% or it involved in about 180 million Chinese. Now hypertension has already become a major public health problem that could have severely impacted on population health status. This paper reviews the role of nutritional intervention in treating hypertension.

Objective: To identify methods in reducing the prevalence of lactose intolerance in children., Methods: A hydrogen respiration test (HRT) method was used in screening lactose intolerance (LI) subjects after taking 25 g of lactose among 106 children aged from 10 to 11 years old in a primary school located in the suburban area of Beijing. A cross-design was used to detect the effects of low lactose milk, yogurt and cereal-effect among 68 selected LI children., Results: The incidence of LI was 80.2% after the children took 25 g of lactose, and after taking a 250 ml of full milk, lactase-fermented milk, coinfected milk, yogurt, or milk with meal, the LI incidences were 21.1% (12/57), 0% (0/25), 6.1% (2/33), 8.6% (3/35) and 13.6% (3/22) respectively., Conclusion: Low lactose milks and yogurt could reduce the LI incidence among LI children significantly.

To investigate the relationship between optimal living mode, healthy dietary pattern and the incidence of primary hypertension, a dietary intervention study on hte hypertensive high risk population was carried out in Fangshan district of Beijing during 1997-1999. The subjects were divided into two groups: control group and intervention group. A 3-day-dietary-recall combined with weighing method and a healthy diet education program were used in the study. The results indicated that the dietary pattern was not reasonable in the hypertensive high risk population. After two-year-intervention, the dietary pattern of people in the intervention group has changed distinctively. Compared with the results in 1997, the dietary risk factors decreased obviously in the intervention group, but increased in control group, such as high energy, fat, oil and cholesterol which can promote hypertension. Furthermore, in the past two years, the number of over weight + obese people increased by 24.6% in control group, but was no change in the intervention group. The intervention group subjects experienced an average decline of 3.7 and 5.1 mmHg of systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) respectively, and new cases of hypertension observed in the intervention group were significantly lower than in control group. Thus it can be considered that the dietary intervention may be effective for the high risk population and play a very important role in the prevention of hypertension.