This paper defines transport superiority from three aspects: quality, quantity and advantage, which are respectively measured by highway network density, proximity to the transport arteries and location advantage degrees. The historical transmutation, spatiotemporal differentiation of the transport geographical pattern in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, as well as the correlation between transport superiority and economic development level are analyzed quantitatively by applying GIS technology and mathematical model. A number of valuable implications have been drawn. First of all, the changes of historical prosperity and wane in Wuhan urban agglomeration region were closely related to the transport geographical pattern. The unique modern traffic geographical advantages bred the prosperity of Wuhan area, while the development of contemporary transportation technology resulted in the homogenized pattern of traffic superiority in China and thus the wane of Wuhan as the 'center' or 'terminal' of trade and transportation. Secondly, the regional comprehensive transport superiority of a layer structure, with that of the central city, Wuhan, being highest and those of the dies along the Yangtze River and the Wuhan--Jiujiang industrial belt decreasing gradually. Thirdly, the absolute and relative differences of the transport superiority in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration had enlarged from 1980 to 2010, showing a continuously strengthened trend of polarization. Fourthly, there is a significant coupling relationship between transport superiority and economic development level in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration, with a large percentage of population and industry of this area concentrating in the small number of counties with prominent transport superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]