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Water and nitrogen are the two main limiting factors on wheat growth. How to optimize the water and fertilizer management practices of irrigated spring wheat, so as to retain high and stable yield, maintain highly use efficiency of agricultural resources and to be environmentally friendly, is an urgent production problem need to be solved. The promotion of controlled experiment results is limited by experiment sites, experiment duration or the number of experiment designs, while the process-based crop models can effectively solve this difficulty. In recent years, the crop model has become a powerful and technical tool for exploring better crop planting management practices and for evaluating how agriculture production adapts to climate change. In this study authors collected experimental observation data (meteorological, crop, soil, and management data) of spring wheat (Yongliang 4) from 2010 to 2018 at the agricultural meteorological experimental station in Linhe district, Bayannur city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to determine the key genetic parameters of wheat growth and development in the APSIM-wheat model. Based on the calibrated model and meteorological data from1986 to 2020, we designed multiple intelligent management scenarios under different drought levels, and then explored the final optimal water and nitrogen management modes of spring wheat based on several key selection indicators (yield, water/fertilizer application rate, and water/fertilizer utilization efficiency). The results showed that: (1) the APSIM-wheat model can effectively reproduce the spring wheat development and growth with the RMSE of 1.96d to 3.21d for the spring wheat developmental stages (emergence, jointing, flowering and maturity). As for the wheat growth process (leaf area index (LAI), aboveground dry matter mass, and yield), the RMSE values were 1.65, 292.44g·m-2, and 588.96 kg·ha-1, respectively. (2) Based on the key selection indicators (yield, irrigation amount, water utilization efficiency (WUE), nitrogen fertilizer application amount, and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE)), the research concluded that the two management modes, that auto irrigation be applied when soil root layer (60cm) water deficit reached 40% (S3P40) and when soil root layer water deficit reached 50% (S3P50), were superior to other management modes. (3) Compared with the conventional management mode, the S3P40 management mode was preferred with the production goal to significantly improve yield, in which lead to a 14.4% increase in yield production. With the production goal to stabilize yield and reduce water and fertilizer application amount simultaneously, the S3P50 management mode was favored, which resulted in a 23.2% reduction in irrigation amount and 32.4% reduction in nitrogen application rate compared with traditional management mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics, efficiency, and influencing factors of pension institutions in Dongguan, so as to provide reference for optimizing the resource allocation of pension institutions in Dongguan. Methods The resource allocation data of pension institutions in Dongguan were obtained by questionnaire survey, and the spatial distribution characteristics and efficiency of pension institutions were analyzed and evaluated based on GIS and three-stage DEA model. Results There was a good spatial coupling between the resources of pension institutions in Dongguan and the elderly population over 60 years old; the lowest occupancy rate was 12.50%, the highest was 100.005%, and the phenomenon of "difficulty in finding a bed" and "half of the beds were vacant" coexisted. In the third stage, the average comprehensive efficiency decreased from 0.679 to 0.635, and environmental factors had a great influence on the efficiency of resource allocation in Dongguan. There were great differences in the efficiency of pension institutions in different areas. The comprehensive efficiency of urban areas was 0.784, which exceeded the average level of the whole city (0.635). The comprehensive efficiency of the eastern industrial park was only 0.439, which did not reach the average level of the whole city. The per capita regional GDP and the level of aging had a negative impact on efficiency. Conclusion It is suggested to rationally allocate the resources of pension institutions, optimize regional development planning, promote the upgrading of institutional pension services, improve the efficiency of resource allocation, and provide improved reference scheme for improving the service level of pension institutions in Dongguan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the critical window of comprehensively promoting Chinese-style modernization, the high-quality development of the feed industry has become the only way to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power and realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Facing the Chinese-style modernization, the digital economy has achieved remarkable results in the accelerated iterative innovation of digital technology, the rapid development of digital finance, and the rapid rise of e-commerce platforms, providing a strong driving force for the high-quality development of the feed industry. From the perspective of internal mechanism, the digital economy can not only effectively improve the internal management efficiency of feed enterprises, but also help to build a good corporate brand image, accelerate the reconstruction of traditional marketing channels, and drive the high-quality development of the feed industry. From the perspective of the realization path, feed enterprises should focus on promoting the development of digital trade and expanding the export scale of feed products, take promoting the orderly flow of data as a foothold to reduce the transaction costs of the industrial chain, take strengthening the construction of online platforms as a starting point to expand the space for industrial value-added and efficiency enhancement, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly larvae contains nutrients such as crude protein, amino acid, fat and trace elements, which can partially or even completely replace soybean meal and fish meal in animal feeding. It is the most economical and safe measure to solve protein shortage in animal feed industry. In order to meet the demand of insect protein feed, the industrial culture of black soldier fly has become a big trend. Different breeding substrates and breeding environment are the limiting factors of black soldier fly in large-scale breeding. In this paper, the characteristics of intestinal flora of black soldier fly and its influencing factors on the level of industrial culture are discussed, which provides ideas and reference for further improving the efficiency of industrial breeding of black soldier fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upgrading urban industrial structure and improving urban land use ecological efficiency is one of the most important tasks in the construction of urban ecological civilization. In this study, we constructed an evaluation index system based on the implications of urban land use ecological efficiency and used the SBM-undesirable model and kernel density estimation method to quantitatively describe the spatial differences in land use ecological efficiency in 108 cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2018. Furthermore, this study used the spatial simultaneous equation model to explore the spatial spillover effects of the interaction between the urban land use ecological efficiency and the upgrading of urban industrial structure in this region. The results showed that: ① From 2003 to 2018, the overall level of urban land use ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was low, presenting a flat ‘N’ evolution characteristic. Among them, in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2003 to 2012, urban land use ecological efficiency was always at the forefront of the entire watershed, while from 2012 to 2018, the growth rate of urban land use ecological efficiency in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River was significantly higher than that in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the urban land use ecological efficiency in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River presented regional heterogeneity. ② From 2003 to 2018, the urban land use ecological efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a polarized pattern in geographical space, and the regional differences showed a decreasing trend. The urban land use ecological efficiency in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, first decreasing and then stabilizing, and gradually decreasing, respectively. ③ There was a positive interaction effect between urban land use ecological efficiency and urban industrial structure upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Urban industrial structure upgrading was in a relatively dominant position in the mutual promotion relationship, and the two had a significant spatial spillover effect and a significant spatial interaction effect in geographical space. The upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt also had mutual effects. However, regional heterogeneity existed in the spatial interaction between urban land use ecological efficiency and urban industrial structure upgrading. Therefore, China should promote land stock management according to local conditions in the future, innovating urban land use models to improve the green development level of urban land use and further coordinating the mutual promotion and spatial interaction between urban land use ecological efficiency and urban industrial structure upgrading within and between regions to promote the interaction between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Furrow irrigation has been one of the most commonly used approaches for crops, but with the low yield of irrigation water. In this study, 45 sets of experiments were conducted to further improve the performance of furrow irrigation in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province, China. Three optimization strategies of management parameters were quantitatively compared (Strategy 1: only optimize the cutoff time; Strategy 2: only optimize the inflow discharge; Strategy 3: simultaneously optimize the inflow discharge and cutoff time). A simplified method was proposed to estimate the optimal cutoff time for the closed-end furrow irrigation. The results show that Strategy 3 presented the best performance of the irrigation, followed by Strategies 1 and 2. The application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and storage efficiency for Strategy 3 increased by 20.5%, 10.6%, and 3.3%, respectively, and these increased by 13.8%, 4.1%, 1.1% and 6.8%, 9.3%, 0.4% for Strategies 1 and 2, respectively, compared with the measured. More importantly, Strategy 3 was recommended only from the perspective of irrigation performance, but Strategy 1 was recommended when considering the practicability of the optimization strategy at the same time. A linear function was used to characterize the optimal cutoff time, optimal cutoff time, and the time when water advanced to 0.75 length of the furrow (T0.75L.), where the determination coefficient of the function was 0.920, according to the different capacities of soil infiltration and the combinations of irrigation elements. The mean absolute percentage error was 16.71% between the simulated and estimated optimal cutoff time values. The Tcop values of Strategy 1 and 3 were estimated by T0.75L., indicating fully consistent with the simulation using WinSRFR software. The mean absolute percentage errors of all furrow irrigation experiments were 10.88% and 12.00%, respectively. The indicators of irrigation performance were simulated with the optimal cutoff time under Strategies 1 and 3. It was found that the optimization values were lower than those in the simulation. But there were small declines of the application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and storage efficiency values, which were 1.0%, 4.0%, 3.5% and 4.0%, 4.8%, 4.1% for Strategies 1 and 3, respectively. In addition, the estimated optimal cutoff time values of Strategies 1 and 3 were used to simulate the irrigation performance, where the comprehensive irrigation performance indicator not less than 85.0%, accounting for 77.3% and 90.2% of the effective experiments, respectively, indicating an outstandingly higher than the current condition (64.4%). Therefore, this approach can be used to reliably estimate the optimal cutoff time values for the closed-end furrow irrigation, according to the time when water advanced to 0.75 length of the furrow, T0.75L. The finding can provide a strong basis to develop a real-time feedback control system in surface irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the new model of delicacy management of key monitoring drugs based on diagnosis related groups(DRG) data,so as to pave the way for continuous improvement of the expense management model. METHODS:To compare the application of key monitoring drugs on hospitalized patients before( from Sept. to Nov. 2018) and after(from Sept. to Nov. 2019) the implementation of key monitoring drugs control the First Hospital of Wuhan (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”),to select the top DRG group for statistical analysis of the number of cases,average cost per time and drug cost,and to compare the expense difference before and after control. RESULTS: After the control of key monitoring drugs,the proportion of expense of key monitoring drugs accounted for total drugs in clinical departments was significantly decreased,especially in the departments of neurology and nephrology. Among them,the drug expenses in BR23 group( cerebral ischemic disease,accompanied with comorbidities and concomitant diseases) and BX23 group(peripheral nerve disease,accompanied with comorbidities and concomitant diseases) were greatly decreased compared with that of before the control of key monitoring drugs, with statistically significant difference(P < 0. 001); and the drug expense in LR11 group ( renal failure, accompanied with comorbidities and concomitant diseases) was significantly decreased,with statistically significant difference(P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of delicacy management of key monitoring drugs based on DRG has standardized the rational application of key monitoring drugs in our hospital in a certain degree,which has provided a reference for continuous optimization of the expense management model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Up to now, the research on the mortality rate of hip fracture after operation mainly focuses on 30 days to 1 year and longer. However, there are few studies on early postoperative mortality of hip fracture. OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences between survived and dead patients at 72 hours after surgery, and to explore the risk factors associated with 72-hour postoperative mortality in hip fracture patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 2811 hip fracture patients admitted to Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, including surgical treatment and conservative treatment. The patient's age ranged from 15 to 101 years old. This study compared the differences between the survival group and death group within 72 hours after surgery. According to the outcome, the patients were divided into survival group and death group. The patient's medical records were collected, including gender, age, preoperative ASA classification, preoperative walking ability score, preoperative cognitive level, whether to take anticoagulants orally, fracture classification, operation mode, internal plant species, operation time, blood transfusion volume, anesthesia mode, and postoperative complications. The diagnosis of each observation factor was based on the clinical diagnosis of medical records. The survival status, cause of death, intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded within 72 hours after operation. The patients were followed up by telephone within half a year after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Forty-seven patients received conservative treatment, and 1 patient died 24 hours after admission; totally 2764 patients were included in the study. (2) The average age was 72.5 years, including 2035 females and 729 males. The mortality rats within 72 hours after operation was about 0.90% (25 patients). (3) In the 72-hour postoperatively death group, the proportion of patients with advanced age, ASA grade 3 or above, pre-traumatic walking ability limitation and cognitive impairment was higher (P < 0.05). (4) In the 72-hour survival group, more patients received surgical treatment within 48 hours of injury (P < 0.05). (5) The incidence of implant-related complications was higher in the death group than in the survival group, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (6) In conclusion, great attention has been paid to the optimization of the management of patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and its concomitant effect on survival. Our study found that the increased risk of death within 72 hours after hip fracture surgery is associated with advanced age, ASA grade 3 or above, limited walking ability before injury, cognitive impairment and more than 48 hours after injury; however, it is not related to the type of implant of the patient. The information provided in this study can be used to assess patients with the highest risk of death within 72 hours after surgery. On the basis of this study, it may be necessary to further collect multi-center, more detailed data to assess the impact of various factors on the postoperative mortality of hip fracture patients, and to identify high-risk factors affecting the early postoperative mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to objectiveyly evaluate the operational efficiency of the industrial transformation and upgrading, a three-stage DEA model and a DEA-Malmquist index model are used to analyze,in both static and dynamic manners on the operating efficiency of 47 textile and apparel listed companies in China from 2013 to 2017. The evaluation results show that the environmental factors such as the regional economic situation of the company and the market share of the company have a significant impact on the operating efficiency of the textile and apparel industry, making its mean value of pure technical efficiency underestimated, the mean value of comprehensive technical efficiency and the mean value of scale efficiency overestimated. Investing in redundancy is the main reason for the low operating efficiency of the textile and apparel industry. Total factor productivity is greatly affected by changes in scale efficiency. It is recommended that enterprises strengthen regional resource sharing, attach importance to large-scale operations, and increase investment in research and development. The government should support and implement key technologies in major fields, and provide appropriate institutional environment and operating mechanism for the industry transformation and upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the admission of evaluation experts, the classification of evaluation majors, the use and extraction of evaluation experts, and the inspection and supervision, and in the light of the characteristics of the talent level, quantity scale, subject distribution and behavior of evaluation experts in universities, this paper puts forward some suggestions on optimizing management and quality service, including enhancing the sense of honor of experts, innovating and optimizing the business training mode, constructing compatible multi-criteria professional classification model to support multi-dimensional intelligent growth, and establishing annual qualification inspection system and so on. This paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of establishing "national expert sharing network of colleges and universities" to promote the work of sharing university experts across the country by unifying and standardizing data standards, establishing inter-university expert resource sharing mechanism, building intelligent extraction and efficient notification business system and other guarantee measures, and complying with the path from sharing in the same city to regional sharing in provinces and municipalities, and ultimately national sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the coupling relationship and coupling path of carbon emission efficiency and industrial structure upgrade is of great practical significance to the green development of China in the new era and for the construction of a beautiful China. Firstly, the carbon emission efficiency is calculated by the super- efficient SBM model containing undesired output. Then, the coupling degree between the efficiency of regional carbon emission and the industrial structure upgrade is calculated and analyzed by the extended coupling model, and the provinces are divided into multiple layers according to their coupling degrees and coupling characteristics. Finally, the coupling path of the two factors is designed under the framework of dynamic distribution. The research found that: (1) There lies an obvious difference between the spatial and temporal pattern of carbon emission efficiency and high-grade industrial structure level. In terms of their coupling degrees, nearly half of the provinces are between 0.2 and 0.4, which can be considered as moderately and mildly imbalanced recession. Besides, according to the coupling characteristics, nearly half of the provinces belong to the coupling type of "low level coordination" with low development degree and high coordination degree. (2) There is an obvious inconsistency between carbon emission efficiency and the industrial structure upgrade in China from the aspect of reginal dynamic distribution. The former has a severer degree of cure than the latter. Therefore, China should improve the degree of coupling between regional carbon emission efficiency and industrial structure on the basis of mitigating the solidification of interregional carbon emission efficiency. (3) The paper designs the coupling path of carbon emission efficiency and the industrial structure upgrade in China on the basis of the coupling classification diagram, which can not only alleviate the dynamic incoordination of the two factors, but also effectively enhance their coupling degree among regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization as well as enhancement of geographic differentiation and diversity of man-earth areal system, functions and regional development orientations in metropolitan suburbs have shown an increasingly strong trend towards diversification. It is one of the keys to draw up the Rural Revitalization policy objectively to evaluate the multi-functional system and then sum up pattern of metropolitan suburbs. The multi-functional evaluation method of metropolitan suburbs was constructed. The multi-source spatial data, statistical data and survey data were used to evaluate the multi-functional values of the 89 towns in Shanghai. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the development of multifunction among 89 towns in Shanghai. The order of mean values is listed as ecological environment function (0.7674) > economic development function (0.6054) > agricultural production function (0.5882) > life guarantee function (0.5238) > leisure culture function (0.2525). (2) The high value areas of the ecological environment were mainly distributed in Chongming Island, Western Qingpu and Southern Fengxian. The high value areas of agricultural production were mainly located in Southern Pudong, Fengxian, Jinshan, Southern Chongming and Qingpu. The high value areas of economic development was mainly located in the vicinity of central city. The low value areas of life security were mainly located in the towns close to the central city and the most remote towns. The high value area of leisure culture was mainly located in Songjiang, Qingpu and Jinshan, which are the most remote from the central city. (3) A total of 89 towns could be divided into 4 types: balanced, mixed, compound and dominant. Among the 8 subdivision patterns, only 10 towns like Pujiang town were multi-functional and presented a highly balanced development pattern, accounting for 11.24%. Thus, the final but main part of this paper envisions the innovative policies and practices in metropolitan suburbs including the diversified rural renewal, homestead regulation, and low efficiency industrial land reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty has always been a worldwide problem, especially for developing countries. The agricultural industry poverty alleviation is one of the most effective methods to improve the ability of the poor, improve the livelihood level of the rural family, and achieve sustainable development in the future. With the introduction and implementation of the "precise poverty alleviation concept" by the Chinese government, analyses of whether agricultural industry's precise poverty alleviation can become an effective way to increase the income of the poor or not, determination of what are the leading factors of the spatial and temporal differentiation of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiencies, and further scientifically revealing the poverty alleviation efficiency of the agricultural industry and its mechanism are of vital importance. The previous research mainly focuses on the field of economics, however, in this paper, we used innovative analysis for this research problem from a geospatial perspective using Wanzhou District, a national poverty-stricken county in the Southwestern Mountainous Area with a rate of alleviate poverty of 88% from the year 2013 to 2018 under the government program. The main innovations of this paper included that (1) an indicator system was constructed for factors that affected agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency based on the spatial perspective, and the industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was measured by the improved DEA efficiency model, spatial autocorrelation Global Moran’s I model and geo-detector; (2) a framework of action mechanisms between dominant influencing factors and industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was established. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency, and its dominant influencing factors in 41 townships in the study area in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed by the natural breakpoint classification method, Moran index, and geo-detector, and (3) a framework of the dominant factors that affected the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation was set up, which can be conducive to improving China's anti-poverty model and the mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation, and further provided decision-making suggestions to alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty in the rural areas of the southwestern mountainous area. Moreover, the data in this paper were collected from the Chinese agricultural sector, the township government departments, the poverty alleviation office and the national land department, which was really reliable, the software such as SPSS 25.0，Arcgis10.2 and GeoDa095 were used for analysis. The main conclusions and policy recommendations of this paper were, (1) the industrial poverty alleviation policy had effectively promoted the overall increase in the poverty alleviation efficiency of the county industry in the southwestern mountainous area. Its policy intervention had a positive effect on promoting the poverty alleviation of the poor, the longer the intervention time, the more obvious the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation, especially in deep poverty towns. (2) The industrial poverty alleviation efficiency showed obvious high-value clusters and low-value clusters. The high-value gathering area was located in the flat dam area along the Yangtze River with abundant water resources and flat terrain. The low-value gathering area was concentrated in the high-altitude mountainous area with a steep slope. (3) The substitution of family and economic factors by policy factors and social factors had become the two main types of factors affecting the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation in Wanzhou District, and the influence of policy factors was greater than that of social factors. Specifically, with the continuous implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy, the five major social factors of road density, characteristic planting, labor skill training, agricultural insurance and poverty alleviation credit funds, market participation and human resources level gradually replaced the family economy factor, and became the leading influencing factors for the poverty alleviation efficiency. Finally, this paper offers several feasible suggestions for policy direction and future research according to the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw is both a by-product of agriculture and a valuable resource for biomass. Turning straw wastes into resource will increase industrial efficiency, promote the cycle of planting and breeding, and meet the needs of people's livelihood such as clean heating in villages and towns. In China, the zoning layout of straw utilization is still not perfect, resulting in structural excess of straw in different regions and in certain season. The problems of straw resource waste and environmental pollution are outstanding. Based on the theory of comprehensive utilization of straw, we proposed a comprehensive utilization path of straw, which was “agricultural priority, agricultural production, rural energy utilization, and diversified utilization of fertilizers, feed, fuel, base materials and raw materials”. The goal was “market user demand orientation, continuous supply of raw materials, comprehensive utilization for agriculture and industry, and significant improvement in comprehensive benefits”. The comprehensive utilization potential of straw in China was 876 million tons, an increase was 156 million tons from 2015, Fertilizer utilization potential of straw was 476 million tons; Feed utilization potential of straw was 220 million tons; Energy utilization potential of straw was 120 million tons; Base material and raw material utilization potential of straw was 60 million. Among them, fertilizer, feed and energy utilization increased by 87.224 million tons, 51.232 million tons and 17.20 million tons from 2015. The straw resources in the six regions of Northeast China, North China, East China, South China, Northwest China and Southwest China could be fully utilized. The demand for forage in Central China was still unsatisfactory. Through fertilizer and feed utilization, the directly and indirectly substitution potential of chemical fertilizers was: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14.816 million tons, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4.19 million tons, potash fertilizer (K2O) 18.851 million tons, saving cost of fertilizers about 6 859 million yuan, equivalent to saving costs for unit straw replacement of fertilizer by 98.5 yuan per ton of straw. Through energy utilization, it could replace 59.824 million tons of fossil energy such as coal, reduce 150 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, 4.487 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 2.243 million tons of nitrogen oxides, and 40.68 million tons of soot. The economic benefits of carbon emissions trading could reach 2 025 million yuan, equivalent to the increase in straw carbon emissions by16.9 yuan per unit ton of straw. Therefore, environmental and economic benefits were significant. The results of the study provide a reference for improving the comprehensive utilization level of straw, and the government decision-making and industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the design scheme of natural resource balance sheet proposed by the author in previous study, this paper takes Zhuxi County, Shiyan City, Hubei Province as a case study and compiles the substance accounting table and value accounting table of Zhuxi County respectively by using statistic methods, market price law, alternative market law, willingness assessment law, etc., and the relationship between the changes of natural resources and regional economic development are analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) The total amount of forest and characteristic resources in Zhuxi County is increasing year by year. The industrial water consumption is decreasing year by year. The efficiency of industrial water is increasing continuously, while the resident living water keeps at a consant level. The water usage for urban public and ecological environment is increasing annually and the trend of agricultural water consumption remains constant. Water consumption is mainly affected by precipitation and other natural conditions. In the future, developing modern agriculture and improving agricultural water efficiency are necessary. In addition, land resources are in the trend of converting to construction land. The government of Zhuxi County should control construction area in a reasonable range. 2) The value of natural resources is in a relatively stable state which shows the natural resources are not over-consumed, and the value of land resources is the highest. The influence of human factors on the value of forest resources is positive and the total value is increasing. The influence of human factors on the value of water resources is negative. 3) With the increase of GDP in Zhuxi County, the total amount of natural resources has not reduced and remains relatively stable. The effect of human factors on the total value of natural resources is positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp paste is a kind of traditional fermented aquatic product seasoning with delicious taste, and it contains various nutrients and is popular in coastal areas and Southeast Asian countries, and it is one of the commonly used seasonings. Shrimp paste is rich in protein, calcium, carotenoids and chitin. It has antioxidant activity, cholesterol lowering, blood pressure lowering and organism immunity enhancement, and it has a wide application space in the functional food field. However, the shrimp paste industry in China has the problems of long fermentation cycle and high salinity, which restricts the development of its industrialization. In this paper, shrimp head paste was prepared by inoculation with mixed strains, and the parameters of rapid fermentation process were optimized by response surface method (RSM), so as to achieve the goal of increasing the production rate and stable production. Microorganisms isolated from the traditional shrimp paste, such as saccharomycetes Pichia gilliermondii and mold fungus Aspergillus niger and the standard microorganisms Lactobacillus planticola purchased, were added as mixed strain to improve the flavor of shrimp head paste. Based on the sensory evaluation value and amino nitrogen content, the effect of different sterilization processes on shrimp head paste was compared, and the result showed the highest content of amino nitrogen and sensory evaluation value in shrimp head paste fermented after pasteurization. It shows that the fermentation degree is higher; based on the amino nitrogen content, the mixing ratios of the 3 kinds of microorganisms were investigated, and the results showed that the optimal mixing ratio of yeast, mold and lactic acid bacteria was 1:5:3. The conditions of shrimp head pasta fermented by mixed strains were optimized through the single factor experiment, and factors included fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and mixed strains inoculation. The result showed that fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and mixed strains inoculation had significant influence on the fermentation of shrimp head paste by mixed strains. And the suitable conditions in the fermentation of shrimp head paste were fermentation temperature of 50 ℃, fermentation time of 12 d, and mixed strains inoculation of 3 mL/100g. The conditions of shrimp head paste fermented by mixed strains were optimized through Box-Benhnken central composite experimental design based on the indicators of the sensory evaluation, and the optimized technological conditions were: fermentation temperature of 53.6 ℃, fermentation time of 13.46 d, and mixed strains inoculation of 2.69 mL/100g. These 3 factors affecting the sensory evaluation value in descending order were fermentation time, fermentation temperature, and mixed strains inoculation. The sensory evaluation value of shrimp head paste prepared under the optimum conditions was 7.64, and the relative error was 0.521% between predictive sensory evaluation value (7.68) and true sensory evaluation value. By comparing the changes in the flavor and amino nitrogen content between fast fermented shrimp head paste and traditional fermented shrimp paste, it can be found that the rapid fermentation process can make the product mature in a relatively short period of time to form a better flavor of shrimp head paste. This study provides an industrial basis for the rapid fermentation of shrimp head paste and effectively improves the high-value utilization of shrimp by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible hybrid three-stage model for efficiency measures, RAM-Tobit-RAM, without arbitrary positive adjustment of the difference of environment effects is proposed by combining rang adjusted measure (RAM) model satisfying translation invariance with Tobit regression, which is based on the discussions and reviews of extant hybrid three-stage models for removing the differential effects in environment factors and/or of statistical noise. In contrast to the existing models, our proposing hybrid model takes advantage of RAM model with no-radical and no-oriented measures which can simultaneously presents radical and non-radical slacks on both inputs and outputs. More important, our model takes full advantage of the translation invariance of RAM model to deal with the non-positive values, which only can work for existing models by arbitrary positive transformation of adjusted inputs or/and outputs in virtue of maximum or minimum but with biased efficiency estimation. In the empirical study, this article applies this new model to measure and compare the research and development efficiency of China's provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the impact of interactions between components on activities in complex product development (PD) projects, this paper proposes a cross-domain integration and optimization method for the process architecture and the product architecture based on multi-domain matrix (MDM). Firstly, according to dependency strengths between components in product design structure matrix (DSM) and interactions between components and activities, this paper builds a quantitative model for measuring dependency strengths in the process DSM. Utilizing the quantitative model and MDM model, the process DSM can be derived. Secondly, based on the concept of added average dependency strength, this paper presents a clustering method for the product DSM. So, the corresponding process DSM can be decomposed by several groups and the complexity of management is reduced. Finally, an industrial example is provided to illustrate these models. After clustering the product DSM, the original process DSM is optimized for minimizing the total coordination cost, the optimal results axe conducted simulation analysis which yields several managerial insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the deficiency of traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, combined with the characteristics of high-tech industry R&D innovation process, the R&D innovation process is decomposed into technological development and economic transformation sub stage, considering "relationship of the sub stage" and "distribution structure of the initial input in the sub stage", this paper constructs two-stage network DEA model with constrained resources, so it realizes the improvement of high-tech industry R&D innovation efficiency measurement method, and this model is applied to empirically evaluate the efficiency of R&D innovation and sub stage for 17 Chinese high-tech industries, and get initial input configuration information. Compared with the existing researches, this model breaks through constraints which traditional DEA models ignore the high-tech industry R&D innovation system internal structure. The empirical results show that: From both the whole and two sub stage, the efficiency of 17 Chinese high-tech industries are low, which have considerable improvement room; according to efficiency matrix diagram, only ECPEM 3 subdivision industries belong to efficient intensive innovation, the most industries are characterized by double weak or a strong and a weak; according to the 5 kinds which 17 industries belong to, the overall R&D innovation efficiency of ECOEI is the highest, AAMI is the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the capillary zone electrophoresis theory, we extracted the relevant affecting factors such as temperature, voltage, pH, inlet sample pressure and injection time. Through the integration and optimization, we established models for capillary electrophoresis theory, and these models can be used to simulate in the virtual Lab. They Include peak time model of capillary electrophoresis, the relationship model of half peak width and peak time, and the relationship model among injection pressure, injection time and peak area. Then the peak program was developed by the algorithms conversion between theoretical model and programs. On this basis, we developed a multifunctional capillary electrophoresis workstation. Experiment of Glycyrrhizic acid compounds were completed, the influence on the peak of capillary electrophoresis of separation voltage, temperature, injection pressure, injection time and buffer solution pH were researched. We Completed the simulation in the virtual laboratory and compared virtual results with real data. It turned out that in a certain range of parameters, virtual results were close to the real ones. The presented model can reflect the rule of the influence of various parameters on the peak capillary electrophoresis well and can Her an guide for building other HPCE virtual laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional model of airports productivity evaluation ignored the impact of undesirable outputs such as delayed flights, noise, harmful emissions and so on. A non-parametric directional output distance function, rather than the traditional data envelopment analysis, was applied to construct an airport productivity evaluation model based undesirable outputs. The empirical research regarding 10 airports in Yangtze River Delta multi-airport region was performed to verify the model. The results show that undesirable output is one of the indispensable factors on airport productivity. Secondly, undesirable outputs affect the airport productivity significantly. There is non-positive correlation between airport productivity and airport size after considering the undesirable output. Finally, some suggestions of a balance between quantity and quality of outputs in the achievement of efficient outcomes for authorities are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish the universal model of repairable spare parts inventory distribution, considering relative important repair parameters such as "repair in place rate", "duty cycle" and the "retest ok rate", the initial inventory distribution model for multi-indenture spare parts under the multi-echelon maintenance supply system is established based on the METRIC theory. The equipment availability, spare parts fill rate and support delay are used as the optimization target while the cost is taken as the constraint to optimize the inventory distribution project. The optimization result is got through a given example, and the support factors are analyzed. The result is tested by VMETRIC simulation software, which shows that the two experiment results are nearly identical, so the model's correctness and the algorithm's rationality are proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The port trucks congestion problem existed in many ports. For this reason, the port trucks route cost optimization model faced the 'work surface' was established by exploring the effect factors of port trucks operation efficiency and the cost composition of the truck route in the container gantry crane system. Then genetic algorithm-ant colony optimization algorithm (GA-ACO) is proposed in view of the model and analyzed the problems with an example, compared optimization results with those by ant colony algorithm from the changes of truck route convergence, variable cost, penalty cost and total cost. The results show that genetic algorithm-ant colony optimization algorithm is faster converge to the optimal solution and gain less cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It screens the input and output indicators of the total factor productivity of Chinese regional construction industry with the method of added value. On this basis, it uses the super-efficiency DEA method to analyze the Malmquist productivity index of construction industry in 31 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2009. Finally, it identifies the key factors affecting the productivity of China's construction industry, with the method of analysis of variance. With the effective combination of the above three methods, we successfully achieve the objective study in three aspects, that is, the measurement model for productivity, the selection of indicators and the identification of factors, so as to shape a more scientific structure for studying the change of productivity. It finds that the main reason for the steady increase in total factor productivity is technological progress and the improvement in the scale efficiency is just a kind of short-term behavior which is not the key issue. And one key issue to be solved is the improvement of pure technology efficiency. Three indicators, "science and technology investment", "human capital of construction industry", "economy level", exert a great influence on the improvement of the productivity of Chinese regional construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on DEA-Malmquist index, considered the element of energy, the paper decomposed the output growth of the three leading industries in Fujian province into two part: the growth of total factor productivity and the growth effects of input factors. The study found, after having considered the element of energy, during the years 2002-2009: 1) The average growth rate of the output of the three leading industries was 21.48%, mainly depended on the growth of input factors; 2) The growth of total factor productivity led outputs growth 7.48 percentage points every year, with the contribution of 2.98 percentage points of technological progress, and technical efficiency improvement contributed 4.5 percentage points. The growth of input factors contribution to outputs growth was 14 percentage points; 3) The growth of input factors was dominant in the economic growth, under that condition, the development of the three leading industries in Fujian province showed a declining trend. Therefore, the paper argues that in order to maintain the rapid development of the three leading industries, we should make further improvement of the total factor productivity, including technological progress and technical efficiency improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale contra-rotating axial fan for mine auxiliary ventilation FBD-No7.5/2x55 (impeller diameter; 0.75 m, rated speed; 2970 r/min, 2 stages, single stage power: 55 kW) were developed to meet the mine demand of large air flow and long distance. The blade die-formed with common hot-rolled sheet steel is in circular plate profile, which has simple process with low cost, no static and non-aging. This study combines theory analyses with experiments, solving the problem of easy blade fracture of high-speed and large-scale fans by enlarging auxiliary thickness of the blade root through finite element method analyses. After testing, the air flow of this fan is up to 15.83-10.66 m³/s, total pressure, 1331-7454 Pa, efficiency of total pressure, 82.64%, A-weight specific sound level, 13.92LSA (dB), and its aero-dynamic performance effect is better than that of industry standards. Filed testing shows that the fan runs safe and reliable, and that the function can meet needs of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of coal modifying additive (ZBS) was developed to modify the non-coking coal, so it can be used for coking. A series of 40 kg coking-oven experiments were performed and the results show that the quality of the coke deteriorates with the addition of 4% of anthracite and 6% of Long Flame Coal, while it is improved significantly with the ZBS modifying additive. The best improvement is achieved when 0.08% of ZBS is mixed with the non-coking coal, which causes coke properties such as the anti-broken strength of coke (M40) to increase by 5.94%, wear resistance strength (M10) to decrease by 7.12%, coke reactivity index (CRI) to reduce by 4.61% and strength after reaction (CSR) to increase by 11.42%. The quality of the coke obtained is very close to the production index of coking coal and the production requirements can be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]