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From June 2005 to October 2012, there were 135 cases with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea admitted in our hospital who underwent nasal endoscopic repair surgery, and intracranial infection happened in 3 cases after surgery, including intracranial mucormycosis in one case, brain abscess in one case and bacterial infection in one case. These 3 cases underwent surgery to clear up the focus of infection, supplemented by antifungal drugs or antibiotic therapy. Case 1 and Case 2 were followed up for 2 years without CSF rhinorrhea or intracranial infection; Case 3 died due to multiple organ failure. The intracranial complications after nasal endoscopic surgery for repairing CSF leakage are rare and need combined treatment of relevant departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the expression of type Ⅱ inflammatory-related cytokines in nasal secretions of patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（ECRSwNP）, and to preliminarily explore the role of type Ⅱ inflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions in predicting ECRSwNP. Methods: A prospective analysis was made of 91 patients with CRSwNP who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from November 2020 to June 2021. All the selected patients had their SNOT-22 score, Lund-Mackay score and blood eosinophilia collected before surgery. Percentage and absolute value; the nasal secretions of patients were collected before operation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the typeⅡinflammatory cytokines（IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, Eotaxin-3, periostin）, intraoperative nasal polyp tissue was collected for eosinophil count. According to the proportion of eosinophils in the tissue≥10%, they were divided into ECRSwNP group and nECRSwNP group. The clinical baseline data and type Ⅱ inflammatory cytokines were compared between the two groups, and the related factors of ECRSwNP were evaluated by univariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was used to evaluate the predictive potential of each clinical index. Results: The SNOT-22 score, Lund-Mackay score, blood eosinophil percentage and absolute value in the ECRSwNP group were higher than those in the nECRSwNP group（ P <0.05）. In the nECRSwNP group（ P <0.01）. Logistic regression analysis found that IL-5, Eotaxin-3 and blood eosinophil percentage were risk factors for ECRSwNP（ P <0.05）. ROC analysis found that IL-5, Eotaxin-3 and blood eosinophil percentage had predictive diagnostic value（ P <0.01）, among which blood eosinophil percentage had the greatest predictive value（AUC=0.756）. The prediction model composed of Eotaxin-3, SNOT-22 score, sinus CT Lund-Mackay score, blood eosinophil percentage and blood eosinophil absolute value had better prediction effect on ECRSwNP（AUC=0.873）. Conclusion: Type Ⅱ inflammatory cytokines IL-5 and Eotaxin-3 in nasal secretions may be involved as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ECRSwNP., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)