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AIM: To study whether glycyrrhizic acid (GL) can resist the ototoxicity of cisplatin( CDDP) in mice and its molecular mechanism. METHODS： Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 5 groups： control group, DMSO(5%) group, CDDP(4 mg/kg) group, CDDP+low-dose(50 mg/kg) GL group, and CDDP+high-dose(100 mg/kg) GL group(n=14) . Auditory brainstem response(ABR) was used to detect hearing changes of mice. HE staining was used to observe the morphological change of cochlear stria vascular in mice. Evans blue(EB) staining was used to observe the per meability change of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) . Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression and distribution of adhesion protein VE-cadherin and tight junction protein ZO-1 on the cochlear stria. ELISA assay and immunofluorescence technology were employed to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and interleu kin-1β( 1L-1β) . RESULTS： In CDDP group, ABR waveforms of all frequencies were disturbed, the hearing threshold was significantly increased, and I wave latency was prolonged (P<0. 05) . In CDDP+GL group, ABR waveforms of various frequencies were well differentiated, the hearing threshold was significantly decreased, and the latency of I-wave was shortened(P<0. 01) . The disordered morphology and more vacuoles in the stria vascularis were observed by HE staining in CDDP group. The GL alleviated CDDP-induced damage in the stria vascularis. In EB staining, CDDP caused an increase in per meability of BLB(P<0. 01), which was improved by GL treatment (P<0. 01) . Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of VE-cadherin and ZO-1 in CDDP group were decreased (P<0. 01), which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P<0. 01) . The ELISA and immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was increased after CDDP treatment(P<0. 01), which was restored in CDDP+GL group(P<0. 01) . CONCLUSION: The GL alleviates CDDP-induced hearing loss in mice by inhibiting CDDP-induced inflammation and reducing the permeability of BLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease. Its pathogenesis is closely related to the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis depends on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, and involves a series of complex and highly regulated steps. More and more evidences show that autophagy is an essential process for the differentiation and activation of immune cells and bone cells. The disorder of autophagy leads to the disorder of bone immunity, directly or indirectly causing the imbalance of OB/OC ratio, resulting in the imbalance of bone homeostasis. This review takes the theory of "vototoxicity" as the starting point and the theory of "vototoxicity - autophagy - bone immunity" as the basis to explore the relationship among autophagy, bone immunology, and OP, so as to provide certain theoretical reference for the treatment and further research of OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the photodynamic antitumor activity and chemical characteristics of pheophorbide A (PPBa)in vitro. Methods Breast cancer cells (MCF-7), lung cancer cells (A549), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and three kinds of hepatoma cells (HepG2, hep3B and sk-Hep1) were planted in 96-well plates.The effects of light and dark toxicity, light intensity, and drug concentration on the phototoxicity of PPBa were investigated by MTT, and the uptake of PPBa was observed by Hoechst staining under a confocal microscope.The production of singlet oxygen was observed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy with the reactive oxygen species detection kit.The photobleaching of PPBa was investigated by measuring the absorbance by a microplate reader according to the luminescence characteristics of PPBa. Results PPBa showed strong phototoxicity and low dark toxicity to six kinds of cancer cells, and IC50 values to cancer cells were as follows: MCF-7:1.033 μmol/L, A549:1.911 μmol/L, HeLa: 2.319 μmol/L, HepG2:2.015 μmol/L, Hep3B: 2.089 μmol/L, sk-Hep1:2.467 μmol/L.The main uptake site of PPBa was the cytoplasm.The production of singlet oxygen was strongly dependent on the administration concentration, and photobleaching was very low. Conclusion For the six kinds of cancer cells, PPBa has the highest phototoxicity to breast cancer cells (MCF-7), with excellent properties and ideal photosensitizer characteristics.

Objective To investigate the photodynamic antitumor activity and chemical characteristics of pheophorbide A (PPBa) in vitro. Methods Breast cancer cells (MCF-7), lung cancer cells (A549), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and three kinds of hepatoma cells (HepG2, hep3B and sk-Hep1) were planted in 96-well plates. The effects of light and dark toxicity, light intensity, and drug concentration on the phototoxicity of PPBa were investigated by MTT, and the uptake of PPBa was observed by Hoechst staining under a confocal microscope. The production of singlet oxygen was observed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy with the reactive oxygen species detection kit. The photobleaching of PPBa was investigated by measuring the absorbance by a microplate reader according to the luminescence characteristics of PPBa. Results PPBa showed strong phototoxicity and low dark toxicity to six kinds of cancer cells, and IC50 values to cancer cells were as follows: MCF-7: 1.033 μmol/L, A549: 1.911 μmol/L, HeLa: 2.319 μmol/L, HepG2: 2.015 μmol/L, Hep3B: 2.089 μmol/L, sk-Hep1: 2.467 μmol/L. The main uptake site of PPBa was the cytoplasm. The production of singlet oxygen was strongly dependent on the administration concentration, and photobleaching was very low. Conclusion For the six kinds of cancer cells, PPBa has the highest phototoxicity to breast cancer cells (MCF-7), with excellent properties and ideal photosensitizer characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of tarceva targeted therapy combined with pemetrexed and cisplatin on serum tumor markers, immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 80 NSCLC patients who were admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to February 2020 were selected, they were divided into two groups as control group and observation group by drawing lots, 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with pemetrexed and cisplatin chemotherapy, while the observation group was treated with tarceva targeted therapy on the basis of the control group. The total effective rate, serum tumor markers, immunoglobulin, T lymphocyte subsets and incidence of adverse reactions between two groups were compared. Results: There was no difference in adverse reactions between two groups(P>0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, the clinical total effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 37.50% and 60.00%, and the total effective rate of observation group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those of control group, CD8+in observation group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, the levels of immunoglobulin G(Ig G), immunoglobulin A(IGA), immunoglobulin M(Ig M) in the observation group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, Cytokeratin-19-fragment (CYFRA21-1), Carbohydrate antigen50(CA50), Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tarceva targeted therapy combined with pemetrexed and cisplatin is effective in the treatment of NSCLC patients, the curative effect is good, which may be related to the reduction of serum tumor markers and the regulation of immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate the effect of Fuzheng Jiedu formula combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin on T cell sub- sets and serum tumor markers in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 80 patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 were selected, patients were divided into control group (n=40, treatmented with gemcitabine and cisplatin) and study group (n=40, treatmented with Fuzheng Jiedu Fang combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin) according to the random number method. The therapeutic effect, T cell subsets and serum tumor markers were com- pared between the two groups, and the adverse reactions of two groups were recorded. Results: The total clinical effective rate of the study group at 4 cycles after treatment was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+ in the two groups at 4 cycles after treatment decreased compared with those before treatment, but the study group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). CD8+ in the two groups at 4 cycles after treatment increased compared with that before treatment, but the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) of the two groups at 4 cycles after treatment were lower than those before treatment, the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Fuzheng Jiedu formula combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients, the effect is good, which can effectively prevent the progress of disease, reduce the immunosuppression, and has a good safety, and which has a certain clinical ap- plication value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause irreversible hearing loss, but they are still widely used because of their low production cost and broad-spectrum effect on most infections. Although it has been studied for decades, the mechanism of aminoglycoside-induced deafness has not been fully elucidated. Since patients'individual susceptibility to aminoglycoside-ototoxicity varies considerably, it is necessary to identify high-risk patients. This review summarizes the genetic mutations linked to aminoglycoside-induced deafness, in order to provide reference for further prevention and treatment of aminoglycoside-induced deafness., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Cisplatin is an anti-tumor drug which is widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Unfortunately, seriousside-effects have affected patients, such as hearing loss. Up to now, there is no clear and effective measure to protect the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the clinical use of cisplatin studies indicated that autophagy may be involved in the whole process of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. In this review, the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy was reviewed. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for further study of cisplatin ototoxicity and intervention of autophagy with autophagy activator or inhibitor., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)