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Objective: To investigate the curative effect of plasma radiofrequency catheter ablation on adenoid hypertrophy in children and its effect on ventilatory function and inflammatory response. Methods: 100 cases of adenoid hypertrophy in our hospital from December 2016 to August 2017 were selected, 50 cases patienta treated with surgical treatment was in plasma group, and 50 patients treated with conservative treatment were in control group in the same period. The control group was given montelukast and Mumetasone furfurfurate nasal spray, and the plasma group was given low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation. The symptom score, ventilation function and inflammatory cytokines levels in two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results: Before treatment, symptom score, apnea hypopnea index (АШ), longest apnea time (LAT), oxygen reduction index (ODI), minimum nocturnal oximetry Lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (LSa02), percentage of time when oxygen saturation less than 90% (SLT 90%), and serum inflammatory mediators (TNF-a), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the scores of snoring, nasal obstruction and mouth breathing were significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.05), and the scores of snoring, nasal obstruction and mouth breathing in plasma group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of АШ, LAT, ODI and SLT90 % in both groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the LSa02 level was significantly increased (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of АШ, LAT, ODI, SLT90 % in the plasma group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the LSa02 level was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation can significantly relieve the clinical symptoms of children, improve the body's ventilatory function and reduce the inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]