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In the first half of the 20th century, the central government of Republic of China carried out a series of reforms in Khams and gradually incorporated them into the provincial and country systems. As a multi-ethnic province on the frontier, the implementation of the provincial system in Khams had its particularity, complexity and limitations. The National Government defined the ethnic issues as a local problem, solved the problem of the minority hereditary headsman in Khams by local autonomy, and carried out a preliminary reform on the feudal serfdom. Due to the influence of the situation in Khams and the class limitations, the National Government did not reform the feudal land ownership which the serfdom system and the chieftain system depended on. Skal-bzang-tshe-ring, an elite of Kangba, put forward the idea of abolishing the provincial system and establishing an autonomous region from the perspective of ethnic autonomy. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Communist Party adopted regional ethnic autonomy as the institutional framework in Khams. After the democratic reform, the society in Khams realized the comprehensive transformation, which was the inevitable result of the historical development of Khams area in modern times and the people’s choice of modern Kangzang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and bone mineral density (BMD) in elder Uyghur men. Methods BMD was measured in 366 elder Uyghur men (236 cases in MS group and 130 cases in non-MS group) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood calcium (Ca), vitamin D, (vitD,), total testosterone (T), and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure, DBP) was measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results The detection rate of osteoporosis in MS group was higher than that in non-MS group in elder Uighur males. There were statistical differences in age, BMI, FBG, HDL-C, SBP, and DBP between MS and non-MS group (P<0. 05). In both groups, the levels of Hb, TC, and HDL-C in patients with osteoporosis were lower than those in non-osteoporosis patients (P<0.05). BMI in osteoporosis patients was lower than that in non-osteoporosis patients in MS group. 25 (OH) D in non-osteoporosis patients was higher than that in osteoporosis patients in non-MS group (P< 0. 5). BMD was negatively correlated with HDL-C ( standardized B = - 0.538, P = 0.003 ), but was positively correlated with BMI (standardized B =0.054, P= 0.002) and Hb (standardized B =0.022, P = 0.000). Conclusion The risk of osteoporosis in Xinjiang Uygur men with metabolic syndrome depends on the balance between all the factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the relationship between cross-ethnic friendship and cross-ethnic face per- ceptual memory in the regions where the population ratios of the Uygurs and the Hans are different Methods: According to demographic criteria, 33 Han college students with lower contact with Uygurs from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 1 ： 9, 32 Uygur college students with lower contact with Hans from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 9: 1，and 32 Uygur with higher contact with Hans and 34 Han students with higher contact with Uygurs from the area where Uygur and Han population ratio was 4:6 were recruited in the stud- у. Relying on E-prime program, the " learning-recognition" paradigm was adopted to compare the difference between the participants"recognition for faces of one's own race and others. Meanwhile, based on self-reported Friendship Quality Questionnaires, participants"Time Spent and Intimacy with out-group friends were assessed as the measure-ment of inter-group friendship. Results: The accurate rate, false alarm rate and discrimination accuracy demonstrated a significant own-race advantage for the Uygurs with lower contact and higher contact with the Hans <0. 01), whereas the Hans with higher contact and lower contact with the Uygurs did not show significant difference between own-race faces and other-race faces on these variables (Ps >0. 05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the regression coefficients of the interracial intimacy and time spent with out-group friends toward the magnitude of crossrace effect were stably significant (/3 = -0. 87, -0. 56, Ps <0. 01). Conclusion: The Uygur and Han students may prefer different encoding strategies in face recognition, and inter-group friendship experience may be an appropriate variable for predicting the ability to recognize other-race faces with good reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the traditional topic crawler lacks of processing and understanding to Web information in the knowledge level, this paper proposed a Uyghur crawler face to incremental contemporaneous topic. It set up an incremental topic words library to improve the topic model, to describe the application scenarios and context of the keywords. It improved the accuracy of Web relevancy. It calculated the priority of the page with the improved sensitive IC_ PageRank algorithm and filtered the irrelevant Web URL. On the basis of the above methods it made the crawler system. It did experiments based on the building of Uyghur corpus, the results show that the crawler based on this model has better stability and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the serious problem of phenomenon that there are so many out-of-vocabulary words and translation disorder in Uyghur-Chinese machine translation, and combined the features of Uyghur and the maximum entropy classification algorithm, this paper presented a max entropy reordering model in Uyghur-Chinese machine translation based on tackiness fuzzy rules. The model was based on max entropy classification algorithm, and created the constraints of tackiness fuzzy rules for Uyghur in the word level, then extracted better effective reordering rules from training corpus to guide the translation decoding procedure. The experiments show that compared with the current reordering methods, such as MSD (mono, swap, discontinuous) and so on, this reordering method is better retained the tackiness feature of Uyghur, and the quality of the translation is also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not very likely that the rule of Uighur khanate over the Khitan had exerted very deep Influence to Khitan's society. At the decline of Uighur Khanate, there was not a large number of Uighur refuges migrated into Khitan. The Uighur's legend about the Bugu Khan became popular only after the westward migration. Khitan could not have borrowed Uighur's legend from the Gaochang Uighur Kingdom. The Khitan is unlikely to have been influenced by Manichaeism ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation of endothelial function variation with pulse pressure index in Uygur acute coronary syndrome patients in Xinjiang. Methods Uygur patients were divided into acute coronary syndrome group (n=208) and control group (n=157) according to their Coronary angiography results. Height, weight and blood pressure were measured on admission and basic medical history were recorded. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), three acyl glycerin (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C) were examined using fasting venous blood; Plasma Coagulation Factor VIII (CF VIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were examined using ELISA. Results There are no statistical difference in age, gender, history of hypertension, diabetes history, history of smoking, drinking, body mass index, PPI, HDL - C and FBG between two groups. The systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, TG, TC, LDL - C and vWF, CF VIII levels in acute coronary syndrome group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of plasma vWF and CFVIII were positively correlated with pulse pressure and PPI, it also was positively correlated between the levels of plasma vWF and CFVIII (P < 0.01). Conclusion The endothelial function was significantly impaired in Xinjiang Uygur patients with acute coronary syndromes, and vascular endothelial damage was positively correlated with pulse pressure and PPI. The pulse pressure and PPI can be used to evaluate the vascular endothelial function indirectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]