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Objective To analyze the characteristics and distribution of TCM syndromes and syndrome types in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Methods We screened the residents (age≥50 years old) in Lujiazui and Xujiahui communities from June 2015 to December 2015. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L2-4) and the hip were measured. Meanwhile, the questionnaires of TCM syndromes were filled. All the data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and SPSS Clementine 12.0 statistical software. Results A total of 217 osteoporosis patients aged from 50 to 86 years old were enrolled in the community. There were 60 cases of spleen-kidney yang deficiency accounting for 27.65% of the total, 65 cases of liver-kidney yin deficiency accounting for 29.95%, and 39 cases of qi stagnation-blood stasis accounting for 17.97%. Female patients with osteopenia were strongly correlated with liver-kidney yin deficiency and spleen-kidney yang deficiency, while male patients were moderately correlated with qi stagnation and blood stasis. Conclusion Elderly patients with liver-kidney yin deficiency and spleen-kidney yang deficiency are prone to osteoporosis. The treatment of osteoporosis should base on the theory of liver and kidney being the origin of congenital constitution to females and males separately. It should be emphasized that there is close association among the pathological changes of liver-spleen-kidney, qi-blood, physique, gender, age, and other factors in the clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the curative mechanism of the invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula on promoting osteoporotic fracture healing，and to discuss the traditional Chinese medicine theories of the correlation between spleen and kidney and the origin of the innateness and acquirement in the application of the osteoporotic fracture prevention． Methods The osteoporotic fracture model was established in ovariectomized mice． The mice were randomly divided into normal saline-treated group and invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula-treated group at three time points ( 7，14，and 28 days) ． The mice were administered with corresponding drugs by gastric lavage on the second day after the fracture surgery． They were executed at the three time points after the treatment． Samples were collected for image observation and histopathological staining． Ｒesults The result of X-ray and micro-CT showed that the formation of callus and fracture healing were promoted in the invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula group at 7，14，and 28 days． Micro-CT analysis showed that BV /TV，Conn． D，mean /density of TV， and mean /density of BV in the invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group ( P ＜ 0. 05) at 7 and 14 days． The finite element analysis suggested that the stiffness of fracture position and the elasticity modulus in invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group at 7 days ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． The results of HE and ABH/OG staining showed that the invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula promoted intramembranous and endochondral ossification to accelerate fracture healing． The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula increased the expression of β-catenin and Ｒunx2 to promote osteoporotic fracture healing． Conclusion The invigorating spleen and nourishing kidney formula effectively promotes osteoporotic fracture healing and the mechanism may be related to the increase of β-catenin and Ｒunx2 expression． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]