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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the chemical constituents and their biological activities of Ludisia discolor, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out to analyze the chemical constituents of petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts. Meanwhile, the compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by using various column chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. MS and nuclear mgnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis were used to identify the structure of the compounds. And then the isolated compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory with RAW 264.7 cells, and antioxidant activities were carried out with DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. The results showed as follows: (1) A total of 17 compounds were identified from the petroleum ether fraction of L. discolor, in which, methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl linolenic acid, and 2-monopalmitin had a relatively high content. (2) A total of 15 compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, their structures were identified as matairesinol (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), callyspongidipeptide A (3), cyclo-[(S)-Pro-(R)-Leu] (4), epi-boscialin (5), dibutyl terephthalate (6), methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (7), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone (8), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (9), p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (10), vanillin (11), 4-(methoxym-ethyl) phenol (12), β-sitosterol (13), tetradecanoic acid (14), and palmitic acid (15), respectively. Compounds 1-15 were isolated from L. discolor for the first time. (3) Phenylpropanoid compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate inhibition on NO production from RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS, with IC50 values of (37.76 ± 2.68) µmol. L-1 and (53.14 ± 1.63) µmol L-1[(quercetin as the positive control, with IC50 value of (9.32 ± 0.36) µmol L-1], respectively. Antioxidant results showed that compounds 1 and 2 had moderate DPPH free radical scavenging ability, with IC50 values of (51.22 ± 1.07) µg mL and (79.22 ± 7.44) µg mL [vitamin C as the positive control, with IC50 value of (6.01±0.17) µgmL-1], respectively. Meanwhile, they had stronger ABTS. + free radical scavenging ability than the positive control trolox [IC50 (34.65 ± 0.53) µg mL-1], with IC50 values of (2.21 ± 0.01) µg mL-1 and (3.58 ± 0.17) µg mL-1 respectively. Overall, this study enriched the chemical constituents of L-1. discolor, and it was further clarified that phenolic compounds are the active antioxidant constituents in L. Discolor, and phenylpropanoid compounds have certain anti-inflammatory activities, which provides a chemical structure basis for subsequent in-depth pharmacological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in order to explore the anti-inflammatory constituents of the tuber of Gastrodia elata B1 and their mechanisms of action. The petroleum ether extract and its sequential fractions: dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water-soluble fractions were determined for their active ingredients as well as assessed for their bioactivities. The bioactive ingredients were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and network pharmacology was utilized to predict the potential anti-inflammatory components of the selected fraction and their targets. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to investigate the binding of the potential anti-inflammatory components to the core targets for treating inflammation. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the highest content of bioactive ingredients, with total polyphenol, total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents of (164.69 ± 1.57), (64.81 ± 3.21) and (279.64 ± 3.11) mg/g, respectively. The ethanol extract and its fractions possessed strong in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, among which the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the strongest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. Correlation analysis showed that the total polyphenol content was significantly (P < 0.05) and highly significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against DPPH radical and 2,2’-biazobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cationic radical, with correlation coefficients of −0.587 and −0.873, respectively. The total flavonoid content was significantly (P < 0.05) and highly significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the IC50 values against NO and the denaturation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), with correlation coefficients of −0.780 and −0.842, respectively. Meanwhile, a total of 164 chemical constituents were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction, and core active ingredients including 5-(5-methoxycarbonyl-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl)-3-methylpentanoic acid, 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(4,5,6-trihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,5,6,7,9,15-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,16-dione, and simvastatin and key targets including TP53, SRC, PIK3R1, PIK3CA, and AKT1, which were mainly involved in cancer-related signaling pathways as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways, were obtained by network pharmacology. The results of molecular docking showed that the core active ingredients had good binding activity with the key targets.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential and molecular properties of sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) milt peptide (SMP). SMP was obtained from alkali-extracted protein from sturgeon milt by enzymatic hydrolysis and purification, and its inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation was evaluated. Then, the molecular mass, secondary structure, crystalline structure, proton peak distribution and amino acid sequence were determined by various spectroscopies, and based on the obtained results, the anti-inflammatory activity of amino acid sequences was predicted. The results showed that at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, SMP inhibited NO and BSA degradation by 45.33% and 60.34%, respectively, which was significantly more effective than sturgeon milt protein (P < 0.05). Basic and hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 37.45% and 36.77% the total amino acids of SMP, respectively, with arginine accounting for the highest proportion (16.28%). The molecular masses of SMP were concentrated in the range of 206–1 040 Da, which mainly showed an irregular amorphous structure and exposed more hydrophobic groups in aqueous solution. SMP contained many short peptides, including MPY, YWH, YPY and VPPL, and these peptide sequences had anti-inflammatory properties. In summary, SMP has potential anti-inflammatory activity and possesses the potential for further development and application as a promising source of natural anti-inflammatory peptides.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To prepare a dissolvable microneedle (DMN) with a tip-layer loaded with hyaluronic acid (HA) modified sinomenine hydrochloride liposomes (HA-SMH-Lip), as well as characterize, evaluate its in vitro transdermal permeability, cellular uptake ability, and anti-inflammatory ability. Methods HA-SMH-Lip-DMNS were prepared by a two-step casting method, and the drug loading capacity was determined using HPLC. The morphology, skin permeation properties and in vitro transdermal ability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, puncture assay and Franz diffusion cell method. Fluorescent microneedles were prepared by replacing HA-SMH-Lip with fluorescein isothiocyanate liposomes (HA-FITC-Lip/FITC-Lip) The uptake behavior of inflammation cells on HA-FITC-Lip-DMNs/FITC-Lip-DMNs was investigated using a flow cytometer and a fluorescence microscope. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs, the levels of inflammatory factors including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukin 1ẞ (IL-1ẞ), and IL-10 in cell supernatants were measured using an ELISA kit. Results The prepared HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs have uniform shape and size, integral and visually pleasing array, and an average drug loading of (114.01±1.04) μg. Additionally, they have good puncture ability. The results of in vitro transdermal experiments showed that the accumulated amounts of HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs were (101.47±2.91) µg.cm² at 36 hours. Its transdermal ability was better than that of the SMH solution group and SMH liposome group. In vitro cellular uptake results indicated that HA-FITC-Lip-DMNs were more effectively taken up by RAW 264.7 cells (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs group significantly reduced TNF-a, IL-1ẞ, and NO levels while increase IL-10 levels (P<0.01). Conclusion The prepared HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs have a complete and beautiful morphology with excellent cellular uptake capability, remarkable in vitro transdermal performance, and potent anti-inflammatory properties. HA-SMH-Lip-DMNs are expected to become a new type of transdermal drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey is a natural substance produced by honeybees and is widely consumed as food worldwide. Honey has anti-inflammatory effects, which are related to its antibacterial and antioxidant functions. The anti-inflammatory properties of honey can be explored from two aspects: Basic research studies that reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of honey and identify its effective components, and clinical research studies that evaluate the healing effects of honey in inflammatory diseases. Basic research studies are indicated that honey has anti-inflammatory properties and further elucidated the relevant molecular mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory functions of honey are highly related to its components, specifically flavonoids, phenolic acids, glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and methylglyoxal. These effective constituents exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune cell function, affecting inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and acting as antioxidants. Honey can attenuate gastrointestinal inflammation, aid the recovery of intestinal microbiota, relieve symptoms of chronic sinusitis, and prevent radiation-induced oral mucositis. Based on honey-related basic and clinical research studies conducted over the past five years, this article reviews the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of honey, the functions of its effective constituents, and the applications of honey in inflammatory diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes of phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fermented Rosa rugosa 'Dianhong', the most frequently used rose in Dali Bai ethnic group area. Methods: Medicinal and edible rose varieties were confirmed by investigation using ethnobotanical methods. The object of the study was to imitate the traditional rose sugar fermentation process. Antioxidant activity of fermented Rosa rugosa 'Dianhong' (FDR) with different sugar content and time were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS+ methods. Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cell model (NO inhibition rate) was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. The correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were performed. Results: Among seven rose species loccally used as medicinal and food homologous plants, the frequency value (f) of R. rugosa 'Dianhong' was highest. During the fermentation process of R. rugosa 'Dianhong' fermented by Saccharomyces rouxii, the phenolic content (total flavonoids, total phenols), DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates and NO inhibition rates of FDR-2 (35% brown sugar, 65% petals) and FDR-3 (25% brown sugar, 75% petals) showed an increasing trend at first and then decreasing trend. All indicators of FDR-2 and FDR-3 reached the highest value at 7 d of fermentation, i.e. the phenolic content, the DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates and NO inhibition rates significantly increased (P

Ligularia virgaurea is one of the original plants of the Tibetan medicine “Rixiao” for the treatment of clearing heat and removing yellow water. In order to study the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of L. virgaurea, the compounds were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel, ODS gel column chromatography and other column chromatography technologies. The structures of all isolates were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and HR-ESI-MS). Their inhibitory activity of the compounds on nitric oxide (NO) was determined by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model. The results were as follows: (1) Twenty-one compounds were separated and identified from petroleum ether and n-butanol extracts of L. virgaurea, including spiroeuryolide (1), cacalol acetate (2), oplopenone (3), 8-ethyl-palmosalide A (4), 1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-(pent-3-enyl)benzofuran (5), syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), isoeucommin A (8), eucommin A (9), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (10), ferulic acid (11), ethyl caffeate (12), methyl caffeate (13), methyl ferulate (14), ethyl ferulate (15), caffeic acid (16), 2-［(2′E)-3′,7′-dimethyl-2′,6′-octadienyl］-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol (17), 2,8-dimethyl-6-methoxy-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-chromene (18), β-sitosterol (19), dodecyl(Z)-9-hexadecenoate (20) and hexacosanal (21). Compounds 1-4, 6, 11-16, 18, 20, 21 were isolated from the whole herbs of L. virgaurea for the first time. (2) The anti-inflammatory activity in vitro showed that compounds 1-3, 6, 11-16, 17, 19 could significantly inhibited releases of NO at concentration ranging from 1.56 to 50.00 μmol·L-1(P

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes of phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fermented Rosa rugosa 'Dianhong', the most frequently used rose in Dali Bai ethnic group area. Methods: Medicinal and edible rose varieties were confirmed by investigation using ethnobotanical methods. The object of the study was to imitate the traditional rose sugar fermentation process. Antioxidant activity of fermented Rosa rugosa 'Dianhong' (FDR) with different sugar content and time were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS+ methods. Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cell model (NO inhibition rate) was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. The correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were performed. Results: Among seven rose species loccally used as medicinal and food homologous plants, the frequency value (f) of R. rugosa 'Dianhong' was highest. During the fermentation process of R. rugosa 'Dianhong' fermented by Saccharomyces rouxii, the phenolic content (total flavonoids, total phenols), DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates and NO inhibition rates of FDR-2 (35% brown sugar, 65% petals) and FDR-3 (25% brown sugar, 75% petals) showed an increasing trend at first and then decreasing trend. All indicators of FDR-2 and FDR-3 reached the highest value at 7 d of fermentation, i.e. the phenolic content, the DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates and NO inhibition rates significantly increased (P<0.05) compared to samples before fermentation. However, FDR-1 (50% brown sugar, 50% petals) presented decreasing the contents of phenolic (total flavonoids, total phenols), and declining rates of DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging capacity, as well as NO inhibition after fermentation. Besides, in this study correlation analysis showed that the phenolic content of fermented R. rugosa 'Dianhong' extracts presented positive correlation (P<0.05), significantly with activities of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Conclusion: With the highest phenolic content of fermented extracts, the strongest capacity of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory carried out in this study for seven days' fermentation is when the brown sugar ratio with R. rugosa 'Dianhong' petal is 25%~35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a screening and comparative analysis of proteolytic peptides with anti-inflammatory properties derived from three different ginseng concoctions: Sundried ginseng, red ginseng and black ginseng. Ginseng proteins were extracted from three different types of ginseng products using a low-temperature leaching method. Subsequently, the extracted proteins underwent enzymatic digestion using alkaline protease, neutral protease, and pepsin through a stepwise enzyme digestion method. This process yielded three distinct enzyme digestion products, namely BGP (black ginseng proteolytic peptide), RGP (red ginseng proteolytic peptide), and SGP (sundried ginseng proteolytic peptide). The samples were subjected to separation using ultrafiltration membranes, resulting in the acquisition of ultrafiltration fractions with distinct molecular weights. Subsequently, the ultrafiltration fractions were further separated utilizing ultrafiltration membranes to obtain fractions with varying molecular weights. The fraction exhibiting the most potent anti-inflammatory activity was determined through the application of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 inflammation model. The impact of the active fractions on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β ((IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by RAW264.7 cells was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. The amino acid composition and content of the three proteolytic peptides were examined. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify the distinct amino acids in the three ginseng concoctions and investigate their correlation with the inhibition of cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. The findings of the study indicated that the proteolytic peptide fraction with a molecular weight of less than 1 kDa in the three ginseng products exhibited the most pronounced impact on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells compared to the other fractions. Additionally, this fraction significantly suppressed the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at concentrations ranging from 50~200 μg/mL (P

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to compare the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of feed different extracts of Forsythia suspensa leaves in vitro. The mouse mononuclear macrophages RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide were used to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract, 40% ethanol extract and 80% ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa leaves in vitro. The antibacterial activities of three extracts of Forsythia sus⁃ pensa leaves were compared by antibacterial experiment in vitro. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess method, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL)6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were measured by disk diffusion method and microdilution of broth double dilution method. The results showed that the three extracts of Forsythia suspensa leaves could inhibit the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a. The anti-inflammatory activity were 80% ethanol extract>40% ethanol extract>aqueous extract. The antibacterial activity were 40% ethanol extract>aqueous extract>80% ethanol extract. Three extracts of Forsythia suspensa leaves showed the strongest antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. The feed ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa leaves has better anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in vitro, which provides experimental basis for the effective development of Forsythia suspensa leaves as new feed additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The crude polyphenols extracted from Sargassum horneri were purified using macroporous adsorption resin, and the in vitro anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities of the purified product were studied. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce RAW 264.7 macrophages to establish an in vitro inflammatory model. The optimal mass concentration of polyphenols from S. horneri was 40 μg/mL for reducing the NO content of inflammatory mediators. Compared with the model group, S. horneri polyphenols solution at 30 μg/mL significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β, and significantly inhibited the protein expression level of TNF-α, but had no significant inhibitory effect on the protein expression level of IL-1β; the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with the concentration of polyphenols. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of S. horneri polyphenols on α-glucosidase was 5.96 μg/mL. According to the double reciprocal curve, the competitive inhibition constant (Kic) and noncompetitive inhibition constant (Kiu) were 0.06 and 6.68 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that the mode of inhibition was mixed-type with non-competitive being greater than competitive inhibition. Polyphenols from S. horneri have good anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities, and can be used as a natural raw material in the fields of foods, health products and cosmetics.

Ardisia crenata var. bicolor is a common medicine used by Miao Minority in Guizhou, which has the effects of clearing throat and benefiting pharynx, reducing swelling and relieving pain, dispelling wind and dehumidifying. In order to study the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities of A. crenata var. bicolor roots, the 70% ethanol extact was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, ODS reverse column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by spectral data of NMR, MS and published literatures. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cell line model in vitro, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for the inhibition against nitric oxide (NO) production. The results were as follows: (1) Ten compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract and identified as 11-O-galloylbergenin (1), 11-O-(4-O-methylgalloyl) bergenin (2), 11-O-vanilloylbergenin (3), 6-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl) bergenin (4), 11-syringylbergenin (5), 11-O-(3′,4′-dimethylgalloyl)-bergenin (6), demethoxybergenin (7), micractinin A (8), monomethyl olivetol (9), and dibutyl phthalate (10). Among them, compounds 4, 8, 9 were obtained from Ardisia for the first time. (2) The results of anti-inflammatory activities in vitro showed that compounds 1-4 could significantly inhibit NO release in RAW 264.7 cells (P

The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. and explore its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity. With the yield of total flavonoids as an evaluation index, single factor tests were used to investigate the effects of ethanol concentration, material liquid ratio and the extraction time on the total flavonoids content of Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. On this basis, the Box-Behnken method was used to optimize the extraction conditions. The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. were evaluated by measuring DPPH free radical, ABTS+ free radical, hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability. The inflammatory model was established by lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of total flavonoids from Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch.. The results showed that optimum extraction process was ethanol concentration of 40%, material liquid ratio of 1:125 g/mL, the extraction time of 30 min. The average yield of total flavonoids from Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. was 1.34%. The scavenging ability of total flavonoids on DPPH radical, ABTS+ radical and hydroxyl radical were positively correlated with the concentration, and the IC50 values were 5.46, 21.69 and 56.01 µg/mL, respectively. The total flavonoids of Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages within a certain concentration range, and the IC50 value was 6.95 µg/mL. The extraction process of total flavonoids is stable and reliable, which can be used for the extraction of total flavonoids, and the total flavonoids from Aletris spicata (Thunb.) Franch. has certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective： This study aimed to investigate the active ingredients, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the correlation between each other of different food water extracts. Methods： Black rice, black soybean, black sesame, Auricularia auricula, diospyros lotus, black corn, oat and millet were selected for the comparison study of the content of total flavonoids and polyphenols in the aqueous extract, and then the 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and iron ion reduction capacity were determined to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the NO and IL-6 inhibitory activities on Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells were tested to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. Results： The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were positively correlated with the contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols, and the two activities were also positively correlated. Among them, diospyros lotus showed the highest content of total flavonoids and polyphenols with 1.716 mg/g and 3.043 mg/g respectively, and the radical clearance capacity of DPPH was 89.48% at 1 mg/mL which was significantly higher than the others. It also showed anti-inflammatory activity with 65.92% and 78.62% inhibitory rates against NO and IL-6 at 5 mg/mL on LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Meanwhile, black rice had a strong DPPH scavenging ability and iron ion reducing ability, and it also showed strong inhibitory activities against NO and IL-6. Millet, a non-black food, showed obvious advantages in hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory effect compared with black corn and A. auricula. Conclusion： Water extracts from eight kinds of food had varying degrees of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which were positively correlated with the contents of total flavonoids and polyphenols. Among them, diospyros lotus had the highest content of total flavonoids and polyphenols with the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more in-depth application research on diospyros lotus.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40F and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the spectral data of NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds were evaluated by mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) inflammatory model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. The results were as follows: (1) Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from P. kleiniana as 2-(heptadecanoyloxy)propane-1,3-diyl distearate (1), 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid (2), methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid (3), 2,2′-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), emodin (5), chrysophanol (6), (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), neo-andrographolide (8), methyl-α-D-fructofuranosides (9), 1-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-allopyranos (10), p-coumaric acid (11), cesternosides A (12), koaburaside (13), orientin (14), isoorientin (15). Compounds 1-15 were obtained from Potentilla genus for the first time. (2) The anti-inflammatory test results showed that compounds 1-3, 8, and 11-15 had moderate inhibitory activities on NO production, and the inhibition rate of compound 8 was 72.5% at the concentrations of 25 μmol·L-1. In conclusion, the study enriches the phytochemical information of P. kleiniana, and clarifies that fatty acid derivatives, phenolic components and diterpenoids are anti-inflammatory active components, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploitation of P. kleiniana.

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Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stony coral symbiotic fungi were used to investigate the effects of different culture conditions on the anti‑inflammatory activities and chemical diversities of their secondary metabolites. Based on the OSMAC (one stain many compounds) strategy, 31 strains of stony coral‑derived symbiotic fungi were cultured in small‑scale fermentation with potato dextrose broth (PDB) and brown rice medium at three salinities (0.3%, 3.0%, and 10.0%), respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ‑induced BV‑2 microglia were used as the inflammation model, from which the strains with anti‑inflammatory activity were selected. Via thin‑layer chromatography (TLC),ultra‑performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‑QTOF‑MS) and feature‑based molecular networking (FBMN), the chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites from the anti‑inflammatory active strains was further analyzed. The results showed that five strains demonstrated significant anti‑inflammatory activity under the brown rice medium conditions and showed moderate or strong inhibitory activity against LPS‑ induced nitric oxide (NO) release in BV‑2 cells, with a significant concentration‑dose dependence. While the crude extract of strain C3‑9 also showed the significant inhibition to NO production at low concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL, further TLC and FBMN analyses revealed that the secondary metabolites of strain C3‑9 were rich in anti‑inflammatory compounds and highly diverse. The secondary metabolites of the stony coral co‑epiphytic fungus C3‑9 have significant anti‑inflammatory activity and diversity, providing a basis for the subsequent discovery of anti‑ inflammatory active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A neutral polysaccharide was purified by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography from the crude polysaccharide of Arctium lappa L. obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, and the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of the neutral polysaccharide were characterized. The structure of Arctium lappa L. neutral polysaccharide were investigated through monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, ultraviolet spectra, infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, particle size analysis and NMR analysis. The effect of different doses of crude polysaccharide and neutral polysaccharide from Arctium lappa L. on macrophage movement was evaluated in zebrafish acute inflammation model induced by copper sulfate. The mRNA expressions of different inflammatory factors such as nuclear transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1), cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), IKBα, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88) were determined by real-time PCR analysis. Results showed that the weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight of Arctium lappa L. neutral polysaccharide were 2682 and 2079 Da, which were mainly composed of fructose and glucose with a molar ratio of 11.32:1. The particle size mainly ranged from 80 nm to 110 nm. The neutral polysaccharide of Arctium lappa L. was mainly composed of furanose with β configuration, with obvious sharp and narrow crystal diffraction peaks and high crystallinity. The NMR analysis showed that its structure was α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-fructofuranosyl-(1→2)]10-β-D-fructofuranosyl. Arctium lappa L. neutral polysaccharide could significantly (P

Bei-dou-gen, the dried rhizome of Menispermum dauricum from the Menispermaceae family, is an important Chinese medicinal material. In order to clarify the pharmacodynamic substance basis, the methanol extract of the rhizome in M. dauricum was systematically isolated and purified using various chromatographic methods and the structures of isolated compounds were identified. The potential anti-inflammatory activity of obtained compounds from M. dauricum was measured in vitro. In this study, the chemical constituents were separated via silica gel column chromatography, macroporous adsorption resin and preparative HPLC, and their structures were determined on the basis of MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and other spectroscopic data analysis, as well as comparison with relevant literatures. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activities of against NO and IL-6 production from LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells of the chemical components were evaluated in vitro. The results were as follows: (1) Fifteen compounds were isolated from the rhizome of M. dauricum, and identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), vanillic acid (2), syringaldehyde (3), 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (4), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (5), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-nitroethane (6), 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile (7), dibutyl phthalate (8), fragransin B2 (9), 7-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone (10), palmitic acid (11), arachidic acid (12), β-sitosterol (13), β-stigmasterol (14) and daucosterol (15). Among them, compounds 4-7, 9 and 12 were isolated from Menispermaceae for the first time, while compounds 1, 3-11 and 14 were first reported from Menispermum genus. The above compounds were all non-alkaloids components, including phenols, lignans, phenanthraquinones, fatty acids and sterols. (2) Anti-inflammatory assay in vitro showed that Compound 12 could significantly inhibited releases of NO and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25 and 50 μg·mL-1, indicating potential anti-inflammatory activity. The results of this study enrich the chemical diversity of the rhizome of M. dauricum and clarifies the active ingredients of its anti-inflammatory activity, and provide effective reference for the rational utilization of medicinal plant resources.

Pimpinella candolleana is known as Miao ethnic herbal medicine in Guizhou for the treatment of icteric hepatitis, acute cholecystitis and other diseases. To investigate the chemical constituents of P. candolleana and their anti-inflammatory activities, the chemical constituents from the 70% ethanol extract of P. candolleana were separated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40F, Toyopearl HW-40C, ODS and other column chromatography technologies, and their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrum (MS). The inflammatory cell model, built by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. The results were as follows: (1) Twenty compounds from P. candolleana were isolated and identified of including vanillin (1), sesamin (2), 2-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy berz (d) hydrofuran-3-one (3), procatechin (4), 1,5-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (5), isorhamnetin (6), kaempferol (7), 8-hydroxy-2-methylchromone (8), luteolin (9), quercetin (10), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-［(2′R)-2′-hydroxypalmitoylamino］-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (11), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (12), isoquercitrin (13), norswertianolin (14), luteolin-6-C-α-L-arabinoside (15), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (16), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), isovitexin (19), rutin (20). Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, and 20 were obtained from this plant for the first time. (2) The anti-inflammatory results showed that compounds 2-10, 12, 18 and 19 could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced NO content in RAW264.7 cells (P

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the bioactive components of garlic-derived extracellular nanovesicles (GENs) and explore their anti-inflammatory activity against colitis in mice. Methods: GENs were isolated from garlic juice by ultracentrifugation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the morphology and structure of GENs were characterized. Lipids and proteins were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzed by online databases. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing was carried out for sequence identification and target gene prediction of microRNAs (miRNAs). Caco-2 cells were cultured as a model of monolayer intestinal epithelial cells and were determined for apparent permeability coefficient by fluorescence spectroscopy after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant was measured by a commercial assay kit, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C57BL/6J mice were orally administrated with GENs (20, 100 and 500 mg/(kg mb·d)) to evaluate the toxicity of GENs. The effect of GENs on the disease activity index (DAI) score and colon length of mice with 3% dextran sulphate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis was investigated. Colonic tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and observed. The levels of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α as well as NO in the serum were measured by ELISA and a commercial assay kit, respectively. Results: GENs were goblet nanovesicles containing 26 lipids, 62 proteins and 317 microRNAs. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the most abundant lipid component. Five miRNAs targeting human genes encoding inflammatory factors were predicted. GENs significantly reduced LPS-induced damage to the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers, inhibited the production of NO, and regulated the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α. GENs were non-toxic towards mice at all doses tested. GENs at 100 mg/(kg mb·d) significantly decreased the DAI score of mice (P < 0.05), improved shortening of colon length and pathological damage induced by DSS and repressed the increase in serum IL-6, IFN-γ and NO levels. Conclusion: GENs exert an anti-inflammatory activity probably through their bioactive molecules such as phosphatidylcholine and specific miRNAs. GENs have great potential for alleviating intestinal inflammation and preventing DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cili extracts in the treatment of enteritis and diarrhea. Methods: The RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations (1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00 μg/mL) of Cili extracts, and then the cell viability was determined by MTT method. RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Cili extracts, and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce the cell inflammation model. The content of NO in cell culture supernatant was detected by Griess method. The UC mice model was induced by 3% DSS. The changes of signs during the modeling and drug treatment were observed, and the disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated. The colon length, colon wet weight index and spleen weight were measured. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of colon. The protein expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 in colon tissues were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: The concentration of Cili extract ≤10 μg/mL had no significant effect on cell viability (P>0.05). Cili extract inhibited the release of NO, and the inhibitory effect was more obvious with the increase of drug concentration (P

The anaerobic fermentation of yeast mannoprotein (MP) by the gut microbiota in vitro was carried out to evaluate the probiotic activity of MP in this study. The results showed that MP could modulate the structure of the gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid and propionic acid, in the fermentation broth were significantly increased by MP. MP showed similar prebiotic activity to inulin. Inulin could stimulate the proliferation of Bifidobacterium, whereas MP could selectively promote the growth of Bacteroides, Veillonella, Clostridium_sensu_srticto, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter and Butyricicoccus. MP had no significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages (P > 0.05), whereas the fermentation broth showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of inulin, which was superior to that of the blank group. Thus, MP is expected to serve as a functional food ingredient that can offer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota.

To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Camellia oleifera seed oil, the metabolites in ethanol extracts from 15 batches of C. oleifera seeds were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and the inhibitory activity of the ethanol extracts on enteritis in Drosophila was evaluated by the “Smurf” test. The correlation between small molecular metabolites in the ethanol extracts and their anti-inflammatory activity was investigated and molecular docking with lipoxidase (LOX) was conducted to identify the key metabolites. Finally, the key metabolites were verified by the “Smurf” test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of C. oleifera seeds had good enteritis inhibitory activity, with percentage inhibition of 15.06%–61.71%, and its metabolites mainly included polyphenols, amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, sugars and lipids. Seven polyphenolic compounds were identified in C. oleifera seeds for the first time. The monomeric compounds with good anti-enteritis activity were preliminarily identified as bruceine B, miltirone, 8-geranyloxypsoralen, cedrelone, wighteone, kaempferitrin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. The anti-inflammatory activity of wighteone was reported for the first time in this study, and at 0.1 mg/mL, the percentage inhibition of enteritis was 64%, much greater than the positive control sulfasalazine (27.99%). This study lays the foundation for further exploring the anti-enteritis activity and mechanism of C. oleifera seed oil in vitro and in vivo.

Corydalis saxicola which belongs to the family of Papaveraceae, is always used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis B, cirrhosis, furuncle, acute icteric hepatitis, and advanced cancer as traditional Zhuang medicine in Guangxi province. To study the anti-inflammatory activity of the chemical constituents of C. saxicola, silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate fraction of 95% ethanol extract of C. saxicola. Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrum (HR-MS). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that 13 chemical compounds were isolated and identified as coptisine (1), berberine hydrochloride (2), crinumaquine (3), worenine (4), dehydrocavidine (5), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine (6), jatrorrhizine (7), corydaldine (8), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (9), dibutylterephthalate (10), kaempferol (11), isololiolide (12), loliolide (13) respectively. Compounds 3, 4,8-13 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 4, 9 and 11 showed good inhibitory effects on LPS induced NO production by macrophage RAW264.7 with IC50 values of (18.8 ± 0.2), (29.1 ± 0.3), (18.0 ± 0.1) μmol·L-1 respectively, which was better than the positive control indomethacin, exhibited good potential in the research and development of anti-inflammatory drugs. These results can clarify the anti-inflammatory material basis of C. saxicola, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for its further utilization.

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The structure and function of plant extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are similar to those of animal-derived exosomes. Exosomes play important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of biological environment and preventing various diseases, more and more studies are focused on their bioactivities and applications. This article aims to review the structure and composition, extraction methods, characterization methods, anti-inflammatory activity of PEVs and their application in food and drug industry. In this paper, the overview of PEVs is introduced, including its structure and chemical composition; the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and characterization methods are also summarized. It will help researchers to choose the appropriate method to prepare nano-sized PEVs with biological functions. This paper focuses on the anti-inflammatory activities of PEVs, especially research achievements in alleviating inflammatory bowel disease. The application of PEVs in food industry is summarized, including the potential application in beverage, food processing and as a delivery carrier of food functional factors. Advances in drug delivery by PEVs are also briefly reviewed. It will provide a theoretical support for exploring the biological functions of PEVs from edible plants and expand the new application of PEVs in food and drug industry.

The nutritional value of walnut protein was evaluated based on the amino acid composition, and the effects of walnut protein and walnut protease hydrolysate on disease activity index score, serum inflammatory factors, myeloperoxidase activity and colon tissue morphology were investigated in mice with acute colitis induced by sodium glucan sulfate (DSS). The results showed that walnut protein had a reasonable amino acid composition. The essential amino acid content (26.98%), the predictive value of protein efficacy ratio (PER, 1.55 and 1.58) and the biological value (BV, 87.96%) were high. After digestion in mice, walnut protein and its hydrolysate could retard the onset of colitis, slow down the weight loss of mice caused by colitis, and significantly improve the clinical symptoms. Serum biochemical indexes showed that both walnut protein and its hydrolysate could extremely significantly (P

Objective: To screen the anti-inflammatory active constituents in Lepyrodiclis holosteoides based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and molecular docking technology. Methods: In order to explore the anti-inflammatory active fraction of Lepyrodiclis holosteoides, inhibitory effects of different polar fractions on nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 were studied. The chemical components of active site were analyzed by HPLC-MS. Five important inflammatory protein receptors such as TNF-α, IL-6, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were selected, and the active ingredients were molecularly docked through Auto Dock Vina software. Results: Experiments in vitro showed that the ethyl acetate fraction could inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compared with the model control group, inhibitory rates of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower at the highest concentration of 75 μg/mL (P

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the monosaccharide composition, in vitro digestion characteristics of burdock polysaccharide and its anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide-induced cell model, this study was analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography, and explored the digestive properties of polysaccharides in gastrointestinal fluid, physical stability and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the total sugar content of burdock polysaccharide was 83.07%, the molecular weight was 2902 Da, and the monosaccharide composition was fructose:glucose:arabinose:galactose=13.6:2.5:1.6:1. The degree of hydrolysis was 11.66% and 9.12%, respectively, after being digested in the stomach and intestine for 6 h. It had obvious anti-inflammatory effect in the cell model, and could significantly reduce the content of nitric oxide (NO) in the cell model. Compared with the model group, the content of NO decreased by 48.66% at the dose of 250 μg/mL. The results showed that burdock polysaccharide had certain anti-inflammatory activity, and the research results could provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural anti-inflammatory functional foods and drugs.

Objective: This study aimed to realize the high-value utilization of biological active ingredients and anti-inflammatory peptides from the Pinctada martensii meat. Methods: The hydrolysis process of the P. martensii meat was optimized by single factor test and response surface test with degree of hydrolysis (DH) as the index. The amino acid composition and anti-inflammatory activity of P. martensii meat hydrolysate peptides were evaluated and analyzed. Results: The results showed that neutral protease was the optimal enzyme, and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were solid-liquid ratio 1∶1 (g/mL), temperature 46.3 ℃, hydrolysis time 1.4 h, and substrate ratio 0.3%. The hydrolysis degree was 22.88%, which was not significantly different from the theoretical value, and the regression model was reliable. The hydrolysates including 19.84% of essential amino acids, 21.19% of hydrophobic amino acids and 10.46% of positively charged amino acids. In LPS induced RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory model of mouse macrophages, the hydrolyzed peptide of P. martensii had no cytotoxicity and was beneficial to the proliferation of macrophages in the mass concentration range of 0~4.0 mg/mL. At the mass concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, hydrolyzed peptide could effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; the inhibition rate of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was 70.00%, 83.01%, 85.04% and 83.11%, respectively. Conclusion: Hydrolytic peptide of P. martensii has a complete range of amino acids, which can effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages, showing good anti-inflammatory activity.

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)