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In order to understand the impact of lead-zinc mining and processing activities on the soil ecological environment of downstream agricultural land, taking the downstream agricultural land of a lead-zinc mining enterprise in Guizhou as the research object, and the soil and agricultural products samples in A and B areas of the study area were collected by random distribution method, and the contents of eight heavy metals were determined. The pollution characteristics and risk assessment of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, As, Hg, Cu, Cr, Zn) in the soil of agricultural land in the study area were analyzed by single factor pollution index (Pi) method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index (PN ). High risk quotient (HQ) and high risk index (HI) were used to evaluate the health risks of heavy metals in rice and corn to adults and children. The results showed that the soil of agricultural land in this area was polluted by different degrees of heavy metals, Cd was heavily polluted, As and Zn were slightly polluted. The comprehensive pollution index of soil heavy metals in area A was greater than that in area B, and Cd contributed the most to the comprehensive pollution index. The heavy metals in agricultural products in this area were mainly Cd content exceeding the standard, and the Cd exceeding rate of rice was greater than that of corn;there was no significant correlation between the total amount of heavy metals in rice and corn and the total amount of heavy metals in soil in the study area. Intake of rice and corn in this area, single heavy metals Cd and As had a great risk to human health. Rice had a great possibility of health impact on the human body, and the impact on children was significantly greater than that on adults. Corn did not have a health impact on the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Science & Technology & Economy is the property of Grain Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A blockchain-based agri-food traceability can be expected to remedy the inherent trust within agri-food supply chains. However, the immutable and redundant nature of traditional blockchain storage has posed formidable challenges, particularly on the scalability of data storage for blockchain nodes. Agri-food traceability has also been limited to historically impede the widespread adoption in recent years. In this study, an efficient storage and query model was introduced to specifically design for the agri-food supply chain traceability, in order to leverage the concept of a redactable blockchain. The cyclical nature of agri-food traceability data was examined to form the model. The lifecycle of the supply chain was analyzed for the agri-food products. The opportunities were identified for streamline data management. A key innovation involved the strategic offloading of traceability data over the lifecycle. Storage resources were optimized to preserve the essential traceability functionalities. The information remained accessible throughout the supply chain journey. Furthermore, the counter Bloom filter was incorporated to enhance the operational efficiency of data offloading. The high false positive rates were reduced for the data manipulation in redactable blockchains. False positives were effectively reduced to significantly enhance the overall query efficiency of the agri-food traceability system, thereby facilitating expedient access to accurate supply chain information. A counter Bloom filter was operated to leverage the probabilistic hashing techniques. The large datasets were efficiently managed and queried to minimize the occurrence of false positives. A robust mechanism was translated to verify the accuracy of traceability information post-data offloading in the context of the agri-food traceability system. A compact representation of recently offloaded data was maintained to employ the efficient hash functions. The counter Bloom filter effectively reduced the likelihood of mistakenly, in order to identify non-existent data during queries. The efficacy of the improved model was underscored to validate the comprehensive empirical data. The extensive experiment was conducted over a simulated 60-month operational period. Notably, the better performance of the model was achieved with a remarkable 48.70% reduction in storage volume, compared with the conventional agri-food blockchain traceability systems. This reduction was attributed to the strategic lifecycle-based data management, and the storage was optimized without compromising data integrity. The improved model was often verified in a simulated scenario involving 1000 block records and a 30% data offloading rate. There was a notable 21.00% decrease in the false positive rates, indicating the efficacy of the integrated counter Bloom filter with the data accuracy post-offloading. Moreover, there was a commendable 19.02% enhancement in the data query efficiency, compared with the traditional approaches. The compelling solution fully met the operational demands of largescale agri-food supply chain environments. The blockchain-based agri-food traceability was presented to facilitate the widespread deployment. A significant advancement was achieved in data integrity with the pragmatic storage and query optimizations in the field. Beyond technical innovation, a robust framework was offered to enhance transparency, accountability, and consumer confidence across agri-food supply chains. Looking ahead, the scalability and adaptability of the improved model can promise to support the diverse applications within the agri-food sector. Product authenticity and quality assurance can be enhanced to enable efficient recalls and regulatory compliance. As the blockchain continues to evolve, insights can be gained to pave the way for future advancements in agri-food traceability and industry-wide transformation toward a more resilient and sustainable supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loosening of a series of domestic and international policies before May 2023 means that the global situation of the COVID-19 has changed from emergency to normalization. However, research on the abnormal changes in macro data of China’s agricultural product import and export trade during the entire epidemic period is extremely scarce. This article uses macro data of China’s agricultural product import and export trade from the first three years of the epidemic and the entire three years of the epidemic, namely from 2017 to 2022, for statistical analysis. By combining literature review, quantitative data analysis, comparative research, and other methods, it sorts out, and summarizes the changes in China’s agricultural product import and export situation compared to the pre epidemic situation during the epidemic period, thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of China’s agricultural product import and export trade before and throughout the epidemic. Research has found that the total import and export trade of agricultural products in China has been continuously increasing throughout the entire epidemic period;due to trade restrictions on agricultural products from multiple countries around the world, rising domestic agricultural production price indices, and the impact of the China US trade agreement, China’s agricultural import and export trade deficit has further expanded. The volume and price fluctuations in the import and export trade of major agricultural products such as grains, cotton, and sugar are significant. Overall, the basic structure of China’s agricultural product import and export trade has not changed under the epidemic. The COVID-19 epidemic has not changed China’s natural endowment of agricultural resources, nor has it changed China’s agricultural structure, trade environment and government agricultural policies. During the entire epidemic period, the overall structure of China’s agricultural product import and export trade did not change, but the agricultural product trade indicators showed significant suddenness in early 2020, with significant phased impacts on agricultural product trade and significant structural impacts on a few agricultural product trade. This article suggests that China should vigorously ensure the bottom line of food security, enhance its bargaining power in the international agricultural trade market under the risk of the epidemic, and continue to leverage China’s comparative advantage in agricultural trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The risks associated with pesticide residues on agricultural products cultivated in Cangnan County were assessed from 2020 to 2022. These risk assessments were performed utilizing the Index of Food Safety (IFS) and by calculating Hazard Risk Coefficients (R). Pesticide residues in 24 of the 977 samples (2.46%) exceeded the established standard. A total of 60 pesticides were detected, with detection rates >10% for 14 pesticides. The overall IFS of agricultural products in Cangnan is 3.83x10-2, indicating an acceptable safety level. Comprehensive evaluation suggests that enrofloxacin, 6-benzylaminopurine, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt and gibberellin are associated with high risks, whereas carbendazim and bifenthrin pose moderate risks. SIC (Safe Intake of C) values were recalculated, yielding SI6-benzyladenine, SI4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt, and SIgibberellin values for mung bean sprouts of 4.14x10-5 mg/kg⋅bw, whereas the SIbifenthrin for tangerine is 4.14x10-5 mg/kg⋅bw. The agricultural products produced in Cangnan are generally safe to consume. The safety of samples with residue levels exceeding the standard according to the IFSC results are considered unacceptable, and are subject to comprehensive assessment. Based on the maximum acceptable IFSC value (1) and pesticide residue levels on examined agricultural products, the SIC values for different agricultural products were recalculated to provide a scientific basis for quality and safety monitoring of agricultural products. Regulatory authorities need to intensify the supervision of high- and moderate-risk pesticides such as enrofloxacin, to strengthen control at points of sale and use of prohibited pesticides, including 6-benzylaminopurine, and to increase farmers' awareness of safe pesticide use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

基於台灣政治消費之資訊傳播的研究缺口，本研究旨在探討：消費者之資訊傳遞、計劃行為、政治立場，與農產品政治消費的關聯性。本研究針對七名精擅傳播的新聞工作者，以半結構式的深度訪談來達成上述研究目的。研究結果顯示，受訪者的資訊來源多因應習慣與需求；日常雖偏好影音資訊但會因特定需求而有他選；會依發訊者親疏和事態大小而有不同的回應；農產品政治消費意願決定於食物倫理態度；自由民主會限縮不實資訊的防治；同溫層效應已成為當代社會的人際壓力；新聞工作者自信可明辨政治消費資訊真偽，其自省又可強化專業形象；政治立場會左右市場，但也會限縮多元觀點。本研究成果將可為後續實證研究奠定基礎，亦可協助政府機關檢視政策與補正法規。 Few studies have analyzed the effect of information communication of political consumption in Taiwan. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship of consumers’ information dissemination, planned behavior, and political stance on their political consumption of agricultural products. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven media professionals. The results revealed that the respondents primarily relied on information sources that they gravitated to out of necessity or habit. They preferred audiovisual content in everyday consumption but turned to other formats when they have specific information needs. Their information responses varied depending on the relationship closeness of the information sender and the severity of the situation. The political consumption intentions of agricultural products are determined by their food-ethic attitudes. Notably, the openness of information in a l iberal d emocracy m akes d isinformation d ifficult t o c ounter. T he stratosphere effect has emerged as an interpersonal stressor in contemporary society. In our study, the respondents expressed their confidence to sniff out political consumption disinformation; introspection strengthened the journalists’ professional image. In addition, their political stances would influence market and limit the diversity of opinions. Our findings could lay the foundation for subsequent empirical research and assist government agencies in reviewing policies and correcting regulations.

In accordance with the provisions of the Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China, the product quality inspection institutions tasked with providing societal notarial data must undergo a rigorous assessment of their metro- logical verification, testing capabilities, and reliability by the metrological administrative departments of People's governments at the provincial level or higher. According to the latest version of the "Inspection and Testing Institutions Qualification Accreditation Evaluation Criteria", "Competence assessment for inspection body and laboratory mandatory approval - Genaral requirements for inspection body and laboratory" (RB/T 214-2017), and "Assessment methods and evaluation rules for agricultural product quality and safety inspection institutions", this study summarized the declaration elements, the application procedures, the on-site review and other aspects involved in the qualification recognition of grassroots agricultural product quality inspection institutions. It thereby offers instructive guidance for grassroots agricultural product quality inspection institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effects of different light qualities on mycelial growth and color conversion in Lentimula edodes factory cultivation. LED plant filler lamps were utilized to supplement the light for Lentimula edodes mycelial growth and color conversion stages. Mycelial growth and physiological indexes were measured to analyze the influence level of light quality on different growth stages of mycelia. Taking Lentimula edodes 'L808' as the test material, eight treatments of light quality were set at 25 ℃, including red light, blue light, green light, yellow light, red-green light 1:9, red-green light 6:4, red-blue light 3:7 red-blue light 7:3, and dark conditions were set as the control in the mycelial growth stage, while the white light was set as the control in the color conversion stage. The mycelial growth conditions were determined in the mycelial growth and color conversion stages. The dynamic patterns of five kinds of extracellular enzymes were determined in the growth of Lentimula edodes mycelia under different LED light quality environments using linear regression and principal component analysis. The results show that: In the mycelial growth phase, compared with dark treatment (CK1 ), the average mycelial growth rate was significantly increased by 12.13% (P < 0.05) under red light treatment, and the activity of carboxymethylcellulase (CMC enzyme) was increased by 66.81% on average, while the ratio of red to blue was 3:7. The average growth rate of mycelia was significantly decreased by 2.62% (P < 0.05), and the average CMC enzyme activity was decreased by 10.46%. In the mycelium color conversion stage, compared with the white light treatment (CK2 ), the average laccase activity increased by 19.21% when mycelium transformation was completed on the 54th day of red and blue light 7:3 treatment, while the average laccase activity decreased by 9.50% when mycelium was not transformed under red and yellow light treatment.The dynamics of extracellular enzyme activity showed that compared with CK1, the enzyme activity was not inhibited under each light treatment from day 25 to day 30 of mycelia growth.The activity of CMC enzyme was positively correlated with the activity of xylanase, and the activity of amylase was positively correlated with the activity of laccase and polyphenol oxidase. CMC enzyme activity was positively correlated with xylanase activity, amylase activity and laccase activity, while the amylase activity was positively correlated with laccase activity and polyphenol oxidase activity. The principal component analysis showed that the red light treatment was ranked the first in the mycelial growth stage, and red-blue light 7:3 treatment was ranked the first in the mycelial color conversion stage. Therefore, the red light was suitable for mycelial growth, and red-blue light 7:3 was suitable for mycelial color conversion in the factory production of Lentimula edodes. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of LED light quality during growth and the control of light environment under the factory cultivation of Lentimula edodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the detection time and overall cost, the detection methods of lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic in agricultural products were improved, and the detection conditions were optimized and coordinately tested, the feasibility of detecting 5 heavy metal elements with one digestion was explored. Through theoretical analysis and experimental research, the methods of national standards and on mature literature were referenced, hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid were added for digestion, pre-digestion at 120 °C for 30 min was carried out, after digestion and acid driving, 20 g/L thiourea+50 g/L ascorbic acid solution was added when transferring and volume fixing, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate matrix modifier was added to detect lead and cadmium, arsenic and mercury were detected simultaneously. By condition trade-offs and optimization, the purpose of simultaneous detection using atomic absorption (AAS) and atomic fluorescence (AFS) was achieved. The standard materials and solutions were tested, the measured values are all within the uncertainty range of 1 times, so the accuracy is good. The relative deviation is less than 20%, so the precision is good. The method is accurate and simplep, so it is suitable for the determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As in agricultural products by using AAS and AFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Blanching and drying have been widely used to process agricultural products. Some changes can be induced in the cellular structure of products exposed to the high temperature and humidity, particularly for the subsequent processing, such as peeling, sterilization, preservation, and drying. The quality of agricultural products can be enhanced to extend their shelf life and storage period, thereby increasing their added value and market competitiveness. Among them, the steam blanching and hot air drying cabinet can also serve as innovative drying equipment to combine the functions of blanching and drying for agricultural products. Green and low-carbon working can be adopted to efficiently handle the processing needs of agricultural products. This intelligent drying equipment is equipped with automatic control and monitoring functions, thus enabling real time monitoring and adjustment of internal temperature and humidity. The quality and safety of agricultural products can be improved during blanching or drying. Additionally, energy-saving and environmental protection can be used to effectively reduce energy consumption and emissions, fully meeting the requirements of sustainable development. Therefore, the steam blanching and hot-air drying cabinet shared the broad application prospects for agricultural products. A green, efficient, and intelligent drying solution can also be provided for the agricultural processing industry. The high quality of agricultural products can depend mainly on the uniform internal flow field in the blanching and drying cabinets, such as the velocity, temperature and relative humidity. This study aims to improve the field of internal velocity, temperature and humidity, in order to reduce the occurrence of condensation inside the cabinet. A mathematical model was established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Air supply was evaluated to determine the number of air supply ports for the agricultural products in the steam blanching and hot-air drying cabinets. The research results showed that the side supply and side return air supply were generally better than the top supply and bottom return air supply, in terms of the uniformity of the velocity field, temperature field, and relative humidity field. An energy utilization coefficient increased by about 18%. The condensation area on the inner wall of the cabinet was smaller than that of the top supply and bottom return air supply. Simulation studies showed that better uniformity of temperature and humidity was achieved inside the cabinet when the number of air supply ports was 4. The energy utilization coefficient was also the highest. The experiment showed that the maximum temperature deviation between the experiment and the simulation was 2.3 ℃, and the relative humidity error was less than 1.3% within a reasonable range. The finding can provide a strong reference for the low-carbon and intelligent drying of agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the agricultural trade data released by the Ministry of Commerce, this paper uses the methods of literature research and statistical analysis to analyze the impact of trade friction between China and US on China’s agricultural trade and its future trend. The research draws the following conclusions: The friction has greatly reduced the trade of major agricultural products such as soybeans and cotton imported from the United States, the total trade of agricultural products and exports to the United States. At the same time, frictions are complex and persistent, and the trend of agricultural trade is difficult to predict. According to the research, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: first, promote the peaceful dialogue between China and the United States and build a trade environment;second, actively explore diversified agricultural products markets and prevent the risk of import concentration;third, promote the transformation of agricultural products trade and enhance international competitiveness;fourth, accelerate the reform and development of agricultural scientific research and adjust the structure of agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the livestreaming marketing of agricultural products are discussed. It is found that the livestreaming marketing of agricultural products has advantages in interacting with consumers, providing shopping experience, building brand image, etc., but has disadvantages in resource cost, trust, livestreaming time, technical equipment, etc. With the support of increasing market demand and intensive policies for rural e-commerce, although there are threats such as fierce competition and shortage of technical talents, opportunities still outweigh challenges. Accordingly, it is needed to improve the quality of livestreaming content, products and packaging. Besides, the efficiency of logistics distribution should be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To improve the efficiency and accuracy of drug residue detection in agricultural products, this paper develops an automated sample preparation platform suitable for various sample matrices and preprocessing methods. The platform integrates functions such as oscillatory extraction, ultrasonic extraction, homogenization extraction, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, nitrogen concentration, and calibration curve configuration. Simultaneously, it utilizes optimized salting modules, centrifuge-assisted positioning structures, and pendulum-type oscillation to achieve the automation of the sample preparation process. Experimental validation demonstrates that the system can efficiently process different samples, with average recovery rates for 22 pesticides and 12 veterinary drugs ranging from 75.4% to 115.0%, and relative standard deviations between 1.06% and 12.10%, meeting the requirements of GB/T 27404--2008. This automated sample preparation platform possesses broad applicability and has the potential to drive the automation of agricultural testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural products usually contain a large number of spoilage bacteria and endogenous enzymes, which can adversely affect the quality of agricultural products. Radio frequency is a kind of dielectric heating technology, which has fast heating speed and high efficiency, can effectively inactivate microorganisms and endogenous enzymes in agricultural products and has little influence on the quality of agricultural products， such as color, texture and nutritional composition, etc. This review summarized the mechanism of action of radiofrequency sterilization blunt enzyme technology and its application in agricultural products processing in recent years, and the shortcomings and solutions of radiofrequency sterilization blunt enzyme technology was pointed out. Moreover, the future application of radiofrequency sterilization blunt enzyme technology in agricultural products and food was also prospected.

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by fungi during their growth and they are important detrimental factors endangering the quality and safety of agricultural products. Essential oils are natural inhibitors of fungal growth and accumulation of mycotoxins, but characteristics of strong volatility, poor stability and low water solubility limit their applications. In recent years, the development and utilization of nanoformulations can solve the above drawbacks of essential oils, and improve their bioavailability. This paper summarizes that essential oil can reduce the contamination level of mycotoxins in agricultural products by inhibiting the production of mycotoxins and degrading mycotoxins, overviews the inhibitory mechanism of essential oil against the growth of fungi and production of mycotoxins, reviews the research status of the prevention and control of mycotoxins in agricultural products using essential oils and their nanoformulations, and discusses the existing problems, in order to provide useful references for the further development and utilization of essential oils for the prevention and control of mycotoxins.

[Purpose/Significance] China is a major agricultural country, and the stability of agricultural product prices directly determines the development of China's economy. Developing an agricultural product price index is of great significance for establishing a sound agricultural product price index system, providing participants with a clear understanding of the development status of the agricultural product market, and improving levels for market monitoring and early warning. [Method/Process] Based on the current research results on agricultural product prices and price indices, this study explores the principles of constructing agricultural product price indices, the framework of agricultural product price index system, index classification and grading, calculation models, and weight determination methods, in order to develop a set of agricultural product price index construction methods that are in line with the operational characteristics of agricultural products in the current wholesale market. Based on statistical data and industry research data, an empirical study was conducted on the construction of agricultural product price indices. The five major categories of agricultural product price indices, sub-categories of agricultural product price indices, large variety of agricultural product price indices, and single variety of agricultural product price indices are weighted based on the market volume of each variety of agricultural product during the reporting period of the wholesale market, using the Pap index as the principle, and given weights based on the market volume during the reporting period. The weight of the overall agricultural product price index has been optimized and adjusted, and the model has been constructed using the basis principle of the Laplace index. The weight of major categories of agricultural products such as meat, poultry, eggs, aquatic products, grain and oil, fresh fruits and vegetables is based on per capita agricultural product expenditure data from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, while the weight of major categories of agricultural products is based on research data from the Beijing agricultural industry, avoiding the problem of imbalanced weight. [Results/Conclusions] The empirical results indicate that the framework and classification of the agricultural product price index system are reasonable, and the index calculation model and weight determination method are scientific and feasible. This not only enriches and improves the theory and method of constructing the agricultural product price index system, but also provides useful reference for the construction of other circulation chain price indexes of agricultural products, to develop the Beijing agricultural product wholesale price series index. It also plays a positive role in market monitoring and early warning of the operation of the Beijing agricultural product market, enhancing the influence of agricultural product brands, and implementing agricultural insurance.

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building a safe and controllable, unimpeded circulation, high-quality and efficient smart supply chain system for agricultural products has become an important step to stabilize the agricultural industrial chain and supply chain under the new development pattern.This paper starts with the urgent need of smart transformation of agricultural products supply chain system in the new development situation, analyzes the connotation and framework of high-quality development of smart supply chain system of agricultural products, and analyzes the effect of current construction of smart supply chain system of agricultural products in our country and the main weaknesses.The unbalanced digitization level of each link of the supply chain, the obvious phenomenon of information data island, and the prominent weakness of supporting system construction have become the core issues for the high-quality development of the smart supply chain system of agricultural products. It puts forward the strategic goal of high-quality development of smart supply chain for agricultural products from the 14th Five-Year Plan period to 2035. The key measures to promote the high-quality development of smart supply chain of agricultural products include in-depth research on key core technologies of smart supply chain of agricultural products, construction of big data platform for comprehensive management and service of provincial agricultural supply chain, promotion of digital transformation of all links of agricultural supply chain to deep development, and improvement of traceability system construction of agricultural product quality.

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The evaluation system of e-commerce logistics capability of agricultural products was constructed by factor analysis method. The feasibility of the evaluation system was verified by taking Hebei Province as an example. Through comprehensive analysis of various influencing factors, combined with the relevant research results, 4 second-order indices (including infrastructure and logistics demand) and 12 third-order indices (including logistics employees and agricultural logistics cost) were selected for evaluation. The results showed that infrastructure and logistics operation were the main influencing factors. Therefore, the logistics capacity of agricultural products e-commerce can be improved from the aspects of improving the logistics infrastructure construction, strengthening the logistics operation and improving the logistics technology level and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] China is a major agricultural country, and the stability of agricultural product prices directly determines the development of China's economy. Developing an agricultural product price index is of great significance for establishing a sound agricultural product price index system, providing participants with a clear understanding of the development status of the agricultural product market, and improving levels for market monitoring and early warning. [Method/Process] Based on the current research results on agricultural product prices and price indices, this study explores the principles of constructing agricultural product price indices, the framework of agricultural product price index system, index classification and grading, calculation models, and weight determination methods, in order to develop a set of agricultural product price index construction methods that are in line with the operational characteristics of agricultural products in the current wholesale market. Based on statistical data and industry research data, an empirical study was conducted on the construction of agricultural product price indices. The five major categories of agricultural product price indices, sub-categories of agricultural product price indices, large variety of agricultural product price indices, and single variety of agricultural product price indices are weighted based on the market volume of each variety of agricultural product during the reporting period of the wholesale market, using the Pap index as the principle, and given weights based on the market volume during the reporting period. The weight of the overall agricultural product price index has been optimized and adjusted, and the model has been constructed using the basis principle of the Laplace index. The weight of major categories of agricultural products such as meat, poultry, eggs, aquatic products, grain and oil, fresh fruits and vegetables is based on per capita agricultural product expenditure data from the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, while the weight of major categories of agricultural products is based on research data from the Beijing agricultural industry, avoiding the problem of imbalanced weight. [Results/Conclusions] The empirical results indicate that the framework and classification of the agricultural product price index system are reasonable, and the index calculation model and weight determination method are scientific and feasible. This not only enriches and improves the theory and method of constructing the agricultural product price index system, but also provides useful reference for the construction of other circulation chain price indexes of agricultural products, to develop the Beijing agricultural product wholesale price series index. It also plays a positive role in market monitoring and early warning of the operation of the Beijing agricultural product market, enhancing the influence of agricultural product brands, and implementing agricultural insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical indication（GI）tags help some agricultural products to be noticed among numerous agricultural commodities and serve as the“golden signboard”for local development. The evolution of GI agricultural products has played a significant role in the preservation of regional environments as well as the perpetuation of traditional cultures and skills. Influenced by factors such as geographical and cultural resources and political and economic conditions, the distribution and development of GI agricultural products in China is not even. Many regions have low public awareness and weak influence of their GI products. This study aimed to promote the highquality development of GI agricultural products by tracing the development trajectory of these products with a special focus on the relationship between GI agricultural products and the environment of the production area. We integrated existing zoning schemes for the production areas of GI agricultural products with the results of previous studies. Subsequently, we classified the production environments of GI agricultural products, conducted planning research, and investigated the layout of supply chain of different GI agricultural product industries. Our findings indicate that geographical factors, such as climate characteristics, topography, soil conditions, and water resources, of the production areas affect the safety, category distribution, and flavor characteristics of GI agricultural products. The cultural connotations carried by GI agricultural products are endowed by the human history of their production areas. Based on the environmental quality standards of GI agricultural product production areas and the corresponding advantages of their production, we divided the production environments into four categories：green multi-advantage product areas, pollution-free multi-advantage product areas, green few-advantage product areas, and pollution-free few-advantage product areas. The production of GI agricultural products should be tailored to local conditions of the production area. Ecological agricultural technology can help improve different production environments, which can enhance agricultural ecosystem functions. Furthermore, the development and protection of germplasm resources can enhance the species diversity of GI agricultural products and promote their development. Some practices to promote the development level of GI agricultural products in China and enhance their competitive advantage include elevating the energy level of the industry chain, achieving industry chain integration, activating the cluster effect of the industry, strengthening the supervision and protection of GI agricultural product production, and constructing a mutual promotion and benefit-sharing mechanism among the government, enterprises, and farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Realizing nondestructive testing for traceability of the origin of agricultural products is an important way to establish a traceability system for the quality and safety of agricultural products, and an effective means to guarantee the quality of food safety and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Compared with traditional testing methods, nondestructive testing technology is widely used in the field of food traceability because it can achieve the advantages of obtaining internal and external effective information without damaging the inspected samples. This paper provides an overview of NIR spectroscopy, NIR testing, and NIR testing. In this paper, the principles of three spectral detection techniques, namely, near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy, and their latest applications in the origin traceability of different types of edible agricultural products are outlined, and the feasibility of each spectral detection technique in the origin identification of agricultural products is concluded. At the same time, the future research directions are prospected in order to provide theoretical references for the research of nondestructive testing technology system for origin traceability of agricultural products.

Ensuring the stability of agricultural products logistics is the key to ensuring people's livelihood. The forecast of agricultural products logistics demand is an important guarantee for rational planning of agricultural products logistics stability. However, the forecasting of agricultural products logistics demand is actually complicated, and it will be affected by various factors in the forecasting process. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of forecasting the logistics demand of agricultural products, many influencing factors need to be considered. In this study, the logistics demand of agricultural products is taken as the research object, relevant indicators from 2017 to 2021 were selected as characteristic independent variables and a neural network model for forecasting the logistics demand of agricultural products was constructed by using Informer neural network. Taking Henan province, Hubei province and Hunan province in Central China as examples, the logistics demands of agricultural products in the three provinces were predicted. At the same time, long short-term memory network (LSTM) and Transformer neural network were used to forecast the demand of agricultural products logistics in three provinces of Central China, and the prediction results of the three models were compared. The results showed that the average percentage of prediction test error based on Informer neural network model constructed in this study was 3.39%, which was lower than that of LSTM and Transformer neural network models of 4.43% and 4.35%. The predicted value of Informer neural network model for three provinces was close to the actual value. The predicted value of Henan province in 2021 was 4185.33, the actual value was 4048.10, and the error was 3.389%. The predicted value of Hubei province in 2021 was 2503.64, the actual value was 2421.78, and the error was 3.380%. The predicted value of Hunan province in 2021 was 2933.31, the actual value was 2836.86, and the error was 3.340%. Therefore, it showed that the model can accurately predict the demand of agricultural products logistics in three provinces of Central China, and can provide a basis for rational planning and policy making of agricultural products logistics. Finally, the model and parameters were used to predict the logistics demand of agricultural products in Henan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces in 2023, and the predicted value of Henan province in 2023 was 4217.13; Hubei province was 2521.47, and Hunan province was 2974.65, respectively. The predicted values for the three provinces in 2023 are higher than the predicted values in 2021. Therefore, based on the logistics and transportation supporting facilities in 2021, it is necessary to ensure logistics and transportation efficiency and strengthen logistics and transportation capacity, so as to meet the growing logistics demand in Central China.

BACKGROUND With the increasing concern for food safety, especially for the elemental composition and efficacy of plant-derived foods and health products, research on the nutrient analysis of related foods is continuously carried out. At present, due to the wide variety of agricultural and health products, and the different environments in which the plant matrix grows, the elements absorbed by plants during the growth process vary greatly, making it difficult for many foods to meet the requirements of the calibration and testing system simply by using pure standards. It is necessary to combine the matrix reference materials for calibration and develop new plant-based reference materials. OBJECTIVES To improve the situation that there are few existing plant matrix reference materials, by developing 9 kinds of plant matrix reference materials for elemental analysis. Except for the reference materials for elemental analysis in notoginseng powder, all of them were developed for the first time, which supplemented the types of plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials and were mainly used in food nutrition and safety analysis and testing technology research of plant samples. METHODS In the early stage of development, the selection of candidate reference materials with the representative matrix were investigated and studied. The samples were pretreated, dried, crushed, sieved, and examined by a laser particle size analyzer before being packed in 45mL HDPE plastic bottles and inactivated by 60Co irradiation, which can be stored for a certain period of time. The samples were randomly selected from 30 bottles during the whole packing process, and the homogeneity test was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and volumetric method (VOL). The long-term stability of the reference materials under the specified storage conditions and the transport stability at 60℃ were investigated and the results were evaluated by trend analysis, which showed that the samples were stable under the specified conditions. The operation guideline of reference materials characterization analysis was developed, and 11 laboratories worked together to analyze 59 elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Gd, Ge, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn. RESULTS The data of the developed series of reference materials were statistically judged by Grubbs and Dixon and the suspicious values were rejected, with a rejection rate of less than 3%. Shapiro-Wilk was used to test the normality of the fixed value data, in which the element Ti in red bean, Bi, I and Th in needle mushroom, Ti in tremella, and I in jasmine had a skewed distribution of the original measurement data, and no certified value was taken only as the median value for reference, and the arithmetic mean of the customized data was used as the certified value for the remaining elements. The certified values and uncertainties of the nine reference materials were above 40, among which, 53 certified values and uncertainties were given for hawthorn and notoginseng. The uncertainty of reference materials consists of homogeneity uncertainty, stability uncertainty and characterization uncertainty. This series of reference materials was developed under the concept of metrological traceability, and a variety of quality control measures were taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of analytical results and was applied as national level reference materials in 2021. The names and number are as follows: chemical composition of red bean (GBW10228), onion (GBW10232), rape (GBW10233), needle mushroom (GBW10247), tremella (GBW10248), root starch (GBW10249), hawthorn (GBW10250), notoginseng (GBW10251), and jasmine (GBW10234).The existing plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials are mostly found in rice, wheat, tea and other major agricultural and sideline food, and the certified value elements are mainly macronutrients and heavy metals. The present series of reference materials cover agricultural and health products with a large amount of daily sampling, except for notoginseng, which is developed for the first time, supplementing the variety of relevant quality control samples in the food testing field, with 59 certified value elements, which can effectively reflect the composition of elements in relevant products.In this study, more regionally representative candidates were selected, focusing on the beneficial nutritional elements K, Ca, Na, Mg, P, Zn, Fe and harmful metal elements As, Hg, Cd, Pb, whose contents can reflect the distribution characteristics of the elements in different samples and origins, such as red beans, which is a health food, and the candidates were picked from Yi'an County in Songnen Plain (one of the important commodity grain bases in China). It contains high contents of beneficial nutrients such as K (1.392g/100g), Ca (0.104g/100g), Mg (0.165g/100g), P (0.457g/100g), Zn (24μg/g) and Fe (71μg/g), and low contents of Pb (0.033μg/g), Cd (5.4ng/g) and other harmful metal elements, which are far below the national limit standards, reflecting the fertile black soil of Songnen Plain and the effectiveness of China's land management. For elements of Cd and Pb, red beans (5.4ng/g) and (0.033μg/g), onions (17ng/g) and (0.322μg/g), needle mushroom (33ng/g) and (0.126μg/g), rape (170ng/g) and (0.9μg/g), notoginseng (311ng/g) and (0.7μg/g), jasmine (420ng/g) and (1.65μg/g) form a gradient range, which is more applicable for food testing quality control. It can be found that the content of heavy metals in health products such as notoginseng and jasmine are higher than that in vegetable products such as rape and needle mushroom, which has a certain guidance for selecting suitable quality control samples in analytical testing. This is a guideline for the selection of suitable quality control samples.Due to the progress of the current testing methods and instruments, the precision of the data for the determination of rare earths and other elements with very low contents in some samples was good, and standard values were given, such as Eu (9.4±1.7ng/g), Ge (7.8±2.3ng/g), Lu (1.7±0.5ng/g), Tb (5.3±0.9ng/g), Tm (1.8±0.6ng/g) in rape, while the previous reference materials of similar vegetable matrixes did not reach such definite levels. CONCLUSIONS The development of the series of plant matrix reference materials is supplemental and improves the existing plant matrix reference materials, with obvious distribution characteristics of elements and wide applicability of the gradient range. This series of reference substances covers lots of elements with certified values, which is suitable for the quantity transfer and quality control of biological samples analysis and provides basis for the research on the correlation between the medicinal value and elements of health products.

This study selects input and output indicators of 16 agricultural products in China from 2011 to 2020 to conduct static and dynamic analysis of production efficiency and economic efficiency of agricultural products using BCC model and Malmquist model. The results of Malmquist model show that the production efficiency of agricultural products in China is mainly influenced by technical efficiency, among which the most affected crops by technical efficiency are oilseed rape and cotton. In terms of economic efficiency of agricultural products, the BCC model yielded six types of non-effective agricultural products China, and the input indexes were adjusted for non-effective agricultural products. Non-effective agricultural products should have more inputs in labor costs and fertilizer inputs should be reduced for some agricultural products. In response to the results, corresponding policies are proposed, and China should combine the farming characteristics of agricultural products themselves to carry out agricultural technology innovation to improve technical efficiency and promote agricultural science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermentation is one of the most common-used technologies in food processing. The nutritional value of food can also be maximized to increase the flavor of food. Among them, soymilk is rich in plant protein among food products. But the plant protein is relatively difficult to be absorbed by the human body. Protease-producing strains can be used to treat soy milk. Specifically, the plant protein can be converted into peptides and amino acids for better digestion and absorption rate. The protease-active strains can be screened from the traditional soybean fermented foods, and then serve as the nutrient source for the growth and reproduction of the soybeans. The proteases can be produced more suitable for the soy protein. The unique production process can also be found in the traditional soybean pastes in Northeast China. Specifically, the steamed soybeans are generally fermented to prepare using multiple procedures, such as stir-frying, brick-making, fermentation, and sauce. A long production history can then produce the unique flavor of typical fermented foods. Since manual production is often brewed in individual workshops, the types of fermentation microorganisms vary greatly, depending mainly on the brewing environment. Furthermore, the current fermentation is focused mostly on the Pixian bean paste. Many functional strains have been found in the Pixian bean paste, including the protease-producing strains. And these strains have been applied to functional foods, such as the descending amines and the inhibiting growth of Aspergillus flavus. Taking the Fushun farmhouse soybean paste as the research object, a series of experiments were carried out to screen the protease strains through the hydrolysis circle. Morphological observation was then characterized to identify eight strains with better decomposition of soybean protein. 16S rDNA sequencing as Bacillus included the 1 strain of Bacillus zhangzhouensis, 1 strain of Bacillus velezensis, 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis, 1 strain of Bacillus siamensis, 2 strain of Bacillus methylotrophicus, and 1 strain of Bacillus tequilensis. The screened strains were used for the soy milk fermentation after the safety analysis. The systematic evaluation was performed on the soluble peptide content, amino nitrogen content, hydrolysis degree, and sensory of soymilk before and after fermentation. The results showed that the soluble peptide content of soy milk increased significantly during production. There was the most significant effect of soy milk after treatment with BJ-20, with an increase of 37.23%. In addition, the amino nitrogen and hydrolysis degree of soymilk also changed significantly. Among them, the effect of soymilk treated with BJ-6 was the most significant, with the amino nitrogen increasing by 10.87% and the hydrolysis degree being 23.49%. The sensory evaluation showed that the tissue state of soy milk was significantly improved after treatment. The finding can enrich the bean processing in the diversity of soybean products. A strong reference and theoretical support can also be provided for the soybean health function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The study was carried out to empirically evaluate the impacts of RCEP tariff concessions on the export of agricultural products to RCEP members in the Greater Bay Area, and provide policy implications for the Greater Bay Area to seize opportunities of RCEP to expand agricultural exports.【Method】The difference between the agreed tariff rates within 5 years of the RCEP's entry into force and effective tariff rates in 2021 were compared to identify tariff reduction of agricultural products imported from China by other members under the RCEP, and the tariff elasticity method was used to calculate the impact of tariff reduction on the export of agricultural products in the Greater Bay Area based on the product department with HS 4-digit code.【Result】Among the agricultural products exported in the Greater Bay Area, in the first year of the RCEP coming into force, 69 agricultural products are expected to be positively promoted by tariff concessions. Assuming that other factors remain unchanged, tariff concessions are expected to increase the total exports by 34.50% compared with those in 2021. In five years, a total of 80 kinds of agricultural products will be affected by tariff concessions, and the export volume is expected to increase by 48.20% over 2021; within five years after the entry into force of the RCEP, the tariff concessions faced by agricultural exports mainly come from Japan and Korea, so the promotion effect of tariff concessions is expected to mainly come from Japan and Korea, and a small amount of other growth comes from Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, and etc. Due to the differences in the scope and elasticity of tariff concessions, the promotion effects of tariff concessions on different categories of products are greatly different. Within five years after the entry into force of RCEP, the export growth effects of tariff concessions rank in the top ten categories of products, including 1211, 1604, 2103, 4409, 0301, 4412, 3503, 2005, 1302 and 2403.【Conclusion】In order to seize the opportunity of RCEP tariff concessions to expand agricultural exports, we should attach importance to the export promotion of agricultural products to Japan and Korea, support the production and export of advantageous agricultural products with large tax reduction effect and export basis and accelerate the promotion of agricultural product export facilitation.

Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites produced by fungi, are a common threat to food safety and are hazardous to human and livestock health. Mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products causes significant economic losses worldwide. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop technologies for mycotoxins detection, degradation, and controlling their contamination. Immunoassays, which use antibodies, are now commonly used for the detection and largescale screening of mycotoxins in agricultural products. As a new type of antibody, nanobodies have a small size, easy expression in vitro, and high stability compared to traditional monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Therefore, they are widely used in mycotoxin detection technologies. In this review, we summarize the development of nanobodies for common mycotoxins (aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, etc.) detection, focus on the applications of antim ycotoxin and anti-idiotypic nanobodies in the context of several immunoassay methods, mainly compare the detecti on parameters such as half inhibition rate, detection limit, and linear range. We further describe the advantages and disadvantages of detection technologies based on anti-mycotoxin and anti-idiotypic nanobodies and discuss the key issues in the development of mycotoxin detection methods, such as the difficulty of developing new nanobodies and the small number of detectable mycotoxins when using current methods. Moreover, we point out the future directions of applying rational design, directed evolution, and peptide screen and design methods to develop nanobody variants and propose potential avenues for the future development of nanobody-based mycotoxin detection technologies.

Through combing the collaborative mode among the three-level brands of 'city-county-enterprise' in Zhejiang Province, this review explores how to get out of the conflict among the main levels of regional public brands under the background of common prosperity, effectively promote the industrial revitalization and common prosperity in the regional plate, and provide reference and guidance for the management collaborative innovation of regional public brands of all-class agricultural products.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coarse cereals rich in polyphenol compounds (such as polyphenolic acids, tannin, anthocyanin, and phytosterols) can soften the blood vessels, and lower the blood sugar, blood lipids, and superoxide free radicals for anti-aging and the increasing physiological activity. In this study, a comparison was performed on the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of seven coarse cereals grown in Northwest China. A systematic investigation was carried out to explore the effects of different processing on the antioxidant activity in vitro. The raw materials were taken as millet, yellow rice, oat, quinoa, brown rice, buckwheat, and sorghum rice. After that, the multigrain yoghurt was prepared with high antioxidant activity in vitro. The antioxidant activity of coarse cereals was evaluated by the Antioxidant potency composite (APC) index using three detection methods, namely, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, ABTS+·scavenging capacity, and iron ion reducing capacity. The coarse cereal with better performance was processed using steaming, boiling, and beating. The polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were further compared. At the same time, the relationship was determined between the polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the coarse cereal under the best processing. Finally, the coarse cereal with better characteristics and processing was selected to produce the multigrain yoghurt with the optimal polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. The results showed that there were significant antioxidant activities of different coarse cereals (P<0.05). Specifically, brown rice and quinoa presented the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, followed by buckwheat. The buckwheat shared the strongest ABTS+·scavenging and iron reduction capacity. The antioxidant potency composite (APC) index was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different types of coarse cereals. The antioxidant activity was listed in the descending order of the buckwheat (93.45%) > the sorghum rice (52.42%) > the quinoa (51.24%) > the brown rice (50.91%) > the oats (39.70%) > the millet (33.82%) > the yellow rice (20.86%). The content of total phenols and flavonoids was also ranked in the descending order of steaming>boiling>beating. The contents of the total phenols were 329.48, 258.24, and 233.46 mg/100 g, respectively, whereas, that of the total flavonoids were 46.11, 34.89, and 34.09 mg/100g, respectively. According to the comprehensive antioxidant index, the antioxidant activity was ranked in the descending order of steaming (94.18%), boiling (91.52%), and beating (73.90%). The best antioxidant activity was achieved in the steamed buckwheat, indicating the lowest total phenol loss rate (29.22%), and the highest increase of flavonoids (34.75%). Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the steamed buckwheat showed that the total phenol, total flavonoid, and bound flavonoid presented a better correlation with the antioxidant activity. The total phenol showed an extremely significant positive correlation with the ABTS+·scavenging capacity and iron ion reducing capacity (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between the bound flavonoid and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (P<0.01). The contents of free phenol, bound phenol, and total phenol in the buckwheat-yoghurt were significantly higher than those of the yoghurt without buckwheat (P<0.05). The total phenol content of buckwheat-yoghurt (52.85 mg/100g) was 5.16 times of that the yoghurt without buckwheat (10.94 mg/100g), whereas, the total flavonoid content of the buckwheat-yoghurt (12.49 mg/100g) was 4.23 times of that the yoghurt without buckwheat. This finding can provide a strong reference for coarse cereals and functional yoghurt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon refrigeration is a promising trend in cold chain logistics under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Among them, CO2 refrigeration has offered broad application prospects in freezing and cold storage of agricultural products. In addition, the different agricultural products vary greatly in the temperature requirement of the storage. The single temperature zone in the current storage systems cannot fully meet the high-quality storage in the various agricultural products. Fortunately, the cascade refrigeration system can be expected to utilize in cold storage, due to the wide temperature range and high performance. Different temperature zones can be set in the high and low-temperature cycle of the cascade refrigeration system, in order to achieve accurate temperature control of materials, according to the storage characteristics of different agricultural products. In this study, the double- and three-temperature zones were applied to the cascade refrigeration system in cold storage. The natural CO2 was selected as the refrigerant in the low-temperature cycle, while the potential environment-friendly fluid R513A was used in the high-temperature cycle of the systems. The pressure difference was reduced in the different temperature zones, where a booster compressor (booster system for short) was set behind the evaporator with the low evaporation temperature, and a pressure regulating valve (throttling system for short) behind the evaporator with the high evaporation temperature. Furthermore, a thermodynamic model was established for the double- and three-temperature zone cascade refrigeration system, and then to carry out the energy and exergy analysis. A systematic investigation was made to clarify the effects of condensation temperature in the low and high-temperature cycle, temperature difference of cascade heat transfer on the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency (ηe) of cascade refrigeration systems. The COP and exergy efficiency of the multi-temperature zone refrigeration system decreased both in the booster and throttling mode, particularly with the increase of the condensation temperature in the high-temperature cycle and the temperature difference of the cascade heat exchanger. The performance of the double-temperature zone cascade refrigeration and the booster system of the three-temperature zone cascade refrigeration cycle increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the condensation temperature in the low-temperature cycle. The performance of the throttling system increased gradually for three temperature zone. The results also showed that the coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency of the booster system was higher than those of the throttling system, at the reference working conditions, the coefficient of performance of double temperature zone and three temperature zone booster system was increased by 30.4% and 23.4% respectively. The exergy destruction analysis found that the condenser had the largest exergy destruction, and the exergy destruction of the pressure regulating valve was much higher than that of the booster compressor. Under the same operating conditions, coefficients of performance of the double and three temperature zone booster systems designed in this study institute are 1.5 and 2.3 times that of the CO2/R134a single temperature zone cascade system. A higher performance was achieved in the multi-temperature cascade refrigeration system. The initial investment and maintenance cost, system operation cost, and environmental cost were lower in the double temperature zone cascade refrigeration cycle booster system, compared with the throttling system. The total annual cost of the system was still far less than that of the throttling system, even the initial investment and maintenance cost was higher in the three-temperature zone cascade refrigeration cycle booster system. Although the initial investment and maintenance cost of the three temperature zone cascade refrigeration cycle booster system was higher, the annual total cost of the double- and three-temperature zone cascade refrigeration cycle throttling system was 6 554 and 8 156 ＄ higher than that of the booster system, respectively. The total annual cost of the booster system was lower than that of the throttling system, due to the performance advantages.Therefore, the multi-temperature zone booster system was superior to the throttling system in terms of thermal performance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy-efficient, green, and environment-friendly refrigeration technology can be developed for agricultural products, particularly under the "double carbon" goal in the world. Carbon dioxide (CO2/R744) can be expected to serve as one of the ideal substitutes for traditional refrigerants, due to the colorless, tasteless, non-toxic, non-flammable natural refrigerant, and excellent thermal stability. A high per-unit refrigerating capacity of swept volume can be obtained with a low greenhouse effect. The characteristics of CO2 have drawn much attention in environmental protection and efficient refrigeration after the early action and the middle silent period. Therefore, CO2 has been relaunched as a natural refrigerant in various industries. The current CO2 refrigeration technology has been used in the cold chain logistics of agricultural products, ice-making, and air conditioning. The refrigeration effect is better than that of the traditional. However, the high energy expenditure can be the general issue in cold chain logistics. Therefore, it is a high demand for energy-saving and green refrigeration to reduce the large post-production loss in modern agriculture. In this study, the characteristics and development history of CO2 refrigeration were reviewed to compare the critical temperature, critical pressure, ODP, GWP, and per-unit refrigerating capacity of swept volume between different refrigerants. The CO2 refrigeration facilities and devices were also introduced in terms of refrigeration systems, equipment, and accessories, such as compressors, heat exchangers, and throttling devices. The application of CO2 refrigeration was summarized in the storage and transportation of agricultural products. The future direction was also proposed for the use of CO2 refrigeration technology in the cold chain logistics preservation of agricultural products, according to the actual agricultural products and requirements. The current difficulties were determined to improve the matching degree of equipment under different working conditions, and the efficiency of CO2 compression and liquefaction under low-temperature environments. Some recommendation was also addressed to accelerate the CO2 refrigeration facilities and equipment, such as CO2 mobile refrigerant storage, and three-dimensional intelligent refrigerant storage suitable for the preservation of agricultural products in cold chain logistics. CO2 refrigeration can be expected to integrate with the cold chain logistics of agricultural products. The reliability and stability of CO2 refrigeration equipment and system should be improved to fully meet the strong demand in different industries of cold chain logistics. The finding can provide technical support to reduce the post-production losses of agricultural products in China. The product quality during storage and transportation can be improved for the energy saving of cold storage, in order to promote the cold chain logistics towards the green, low-carbon, and recyclable direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the increasing concern for food safety, especially for the elemental composition and efficacy of plant - derived foods and health products, research on the nutrient analysis of related foods is continuously carried out. At present, due to the wide variety of agricultural and health products, and the different environments in which the plant matrix grows, the elements absorbed by plants during the growth process vary greatly, making it difficult for many foods to meet the requirements of the calibration and testing system simply by using pure standards. It is necessary to combine the matrix reference materials for calibration and develop new plant -based reference materials. OBJECTIVES: To improve the situation that there are few existing plant matrix reference materials, by developing 9 kinds of plant matrix reference materials for elemental analysis. Except for the reference materials for elemental analysis in notoginseng powder, all of them were developed for the first time, which supplemented the types of plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials and were mainly used in food nutrition and safety analysis and testing technology research of plant samples. METHODS: In the early stage of development, the selection of candidate reference materials with the representative matrix were investigated and studied. The samples were pretreated, dried, crushed, sieved, and examined by a laser particle size analyzer before being packed in 45mL HDPE plastic bottles and inactivated by 60Co irradiation, which can be stored for a certain period of time. The samples were randomly selected from 30 bottles during the whole packing process, and the homogeneity test was performed by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP -MS), inductively coupled plasma -optical emission spectrometry ( ICP -OES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and volumetric method (VOL). The long-term stability of the reference materials under the specified storage conditions and the transport stability at 60℃ were investigated and the results were evaluated by trend analysis, which showed that the samples were stable under the specified conditions. The operation guideline of reference materials characterization analysis was developed, and 11 laboratories worked together to analyze 59 elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Gd, Ge, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn. RESULTS: The data of the developed series of reference materials were statistically judged by Grubbs and Dixon and the suspicious values were rejected, with a rejection rate of less than 3%. Shapiro-Wilk was used to test the normality of the fixed value data, in which the element Ti in red bean, Bi, I and Th in needle mushroom, Ti in tremella, and I in jasmine had a skewed distribution of the original measurement data, and no certified value was taken only as the median value for reference, and the arithmetic mean of the customized data was used as the certified value for the remaining elements. The certified values and uncertainties of the nine reference materials were above 40, among which, 53 certified values and uncertainties were given for hawthorn and notoginseng. The uncertainty of reference materials consists of homogeneity uncertainty, stability uncertainty and characterization uncertainty. This series of reference materials was developed under the concept of metrological traceability, and a variety of quality control measures were taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of analytical results and was applied as national level reference materials in 2021. The names and number are as follows: chemical composition of red bean (GBW10228), onion (GBW10232), rape (GBW10233), needle mushroom (GBW10247), tremella (GBW10248), root starch (GBW10249), hawthorn (GBW10250), notoginseng ( GBW10251), and jasmine (GBW10234). The existing plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials are mostly found in rice, wheat, tea and other major agricultural and sideline food, and the certified value elements are mainly macronutrients and heavy metals. The present series of reference materials cover agricultural and health products with a large amount of daily sampling, except for notoginseng, which is developed for the first time, supplementing the variety of relevant quality control samples in the food testing field, with 59 certified value elements, which can effectively reflect the composition of elements in relevant products. In this study, more regionally representative candidates were selected, focusing on the beneficial nutritional elements K, Ca, Na, Mg, P, Zn, Fe and harmful metal elements As, Hg, Cd, Pb, whose contents can reflect the distribution characteristics of the elements in different samples and origins, such as red beans, which is a health food, and the candidates were picked from Yi’an County in Songnen Plain (one of the important commodity grain bases in China). It contains high contents of beneficial nutrients such as K (1. 392g / 100g), Ca (0. 104g / 100g), Mg (0. 165g / 100g), P (0. 457g / 100g), Zn (24μg / g) and Fe ( 71μg / g), and low contents of Pb ( 0. 033 μg / g), Cd ( 5. 4ng / g) and other harmful metal elements, which are far below the national limit standards, reflecting the fertile black soil of Songnen Plain and the effectiveness of China’s land management. For elements of Cd and Pb, red beans (5. 4ng / g) and (0. 033μg / g), onions (17ng / g) and (0. 322μg / g), needle mushroom (33ng / g) and ( 0. 126μg / g), rape ( 170ng / g) and ( 0. 9μg / g), notoginseng ( 311ng / g) and ( 0. 7μg / g), jasmine (420ng / g) and (1. 65μg / g) form a gradient range, which is more applicable for food testing quality control. It can be found that the content of heavy metals in health products such as notoginseng and jasmine are higher than that in vegetable products such as rape and needle mushroom, which has a certain guidance for selecting suitable quality control samples in analytical testing. This is a guideline for the selection of suitable quality control samples. Due to the progress of the current testing methods and instruments, the precision of the data for the determination of rare earths and other elements with very low contents in some samples was good, and standard values were given, such as Eu (9. 4±1. 7ng / g), Ge (7. 8±2. 3ng / g), Lu (1. 7±0. 5ng / g), Tb (5. 3± 0. 9 ng / g), Tm (1. 8±0. 6ng / g) in rape, while the previous reference materials of similar vegetable matrixes did not reach such definite levels. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the series of plant matrix reference materials is supplemental and improves the existing plant matrix reference materials, with obvious distribution characteristics of elements and wide applicability of the gradient range. This series of reference substances covers lots of elements with certified values, which is suitable for the quantity transfer and quality control of biological samples analysis and provides basis for the research on the correlation between the medicinal value and elements of health products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the stability of agricultural products logistics is the key to ensuring people's livelihood. The forecast of agricultural products logistics demand is an important guarantee for rational planning of agricultural products logistics stability. However, the forecasting of agricultural products logistics demand is actually complicated, and it will be affected by various factors in the forecasting process. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of forecasting the logistics demand of agricultural products, many influencing factors need to be considered. In this study, the logistics demand of agricultural products is taken as the research object, relevant indicators from 2017 to 2021 were selected as characteristic independent variables and a neural network model for forecasting the logistics demand of agricultural products was constructed by using Informer neural network. Taking Henan province, Hubei province and Hunan province in Central China as examples, the logistics demands of agricultural products in the three provinces were predicted. At the same time, long short-term memory network (LSTM) and Transformer neural network were used to forecast the demand of agricultural products logistics in three provinces of Central China, and the prediction results of the three models were compared. The results showed that the average percentage of prediction test error based on Informer neural network model constructed in this study was 3.39%, which was lower than that of LSTM and Transformer neural network models of 4.43% and 4.35%. The predicted value of Informer neural network model for three provinces was close to the actual value. The predicted value of Henan province in 2021 was 4185.33, the actual value was 4048.10, and the error was 3.389%. The predicted value of Hubei province in 2021 was 2503.64, the actual value was 2421.78, and the error was 3.380%. The predicted value of Hunan province in 2021 was 2933.31, the actual value was 2836.86, and the error was 3.340%. Therefore, it showed that the model can accurately predict the demand of agricultural products logistics in three provinces of Central China, and can provide a basis for rational planning and policy making of agricultural products logistics. Finally, the model and parameters were used to predict the logistics demand of agricultural products in Henan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces in 2023, and the predicted value of Henan province in 2023 was 4217.13; Hubei province was 2521.47, and Hunan province was 2974.65, respectively. The predicted values for the three provinces in 2023 are higher than the predicted values in 2021. Therefore, based on the logistics and transportation supporting facilities in 2021, it is necessary to ensure logistics and transportation efficiency and strengthen logistics and transportation capacity, so as to meet the growing logistics demand in Central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grains and oils have been one of the most important branches of agricultural products in the basic necessity of daily life. The safety accidents of cereal and oil food occur frequently in recent years, leading to a gradual weakening of the consumers' trust in cereal and oil food quality and supply chain. There is a long cycle in the supply chain of cereals, oils, and foodstuffs, particularly for the complex structure and many stakeholders. It is still challenging to maintain the safety of the supply chain, especially in the field of grain purchase and sale. There are some risks to food security, such as "topping new with old", "revolving grain", and pressure on grade and price. The traceability system can serve as the product management to implement forward, reverse, and non-directional tracking of products, in order to connect all aspects of grain, oil, and food distribution. As such, an important guarantee can be provided for the quality and safety in the process of raw material collection, manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation, as well as distribution and sales. The traditional traceability system cannot fully meet the large-scale production in recent years, such as data centralization, opaque information, easy data falsification, and easy formation of information silos. Blockchain can be taken as a next-generation disruptive technology after the Internet, with new features such as decentralization, distributed storage, anonymity, open and transparent data, and content not easily tampered with, bringing new solutions to product traceability in the grain and oil food supply chain. The article first introduced the basic meaning of blockchain technology, and then listed the development stages of blockchain 1.0-3.0, including the characteristics and application scenarios of each stage. Blockchain technology was summarized in the blockchain traceability field of grain and oil food over the past five years, with emphasis on the different architectures. The progress of blockchain-related technology was described in such fields as grain and oil food traceability, including combining blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The traceability system was then optimized for the blockchain storage performance for the traceability system. The basic architecture of blockchain was applied to the grain and oil food traceability, including blockchain alone and the blockchain + IoT. Some differences and difficulties were proposed to apply the blockchain in the field of grain, oil, and foodstuffs traceability, compared with the financial and industrial IoT fields. Traceability was used for the different categories of agricultural products. The current challenges were elaborated, in terms of storage performance, interoperability, traceability system portability, supervision difficulty, cross-chain, and cross-domain. The blockchain storage performance enhanced the blockchain scalability and throughput, and then integrated blockchain+IoT+artificial intelligence, as well as the cereal and oil food blockchain in the cross-domain and cross-chain. An outlook was given on the future field of cereal and oil food traceability. The finding can also provide a strong reference for the innovative application of blockchain technology in cereal and oil food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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