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Cereals, as the staple food for humans, are rich in a variety of nutrients such as moisture, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. However, the quality of cereals can be seriously affected by long-term storage, mold contamination and heterogeneous cereals, which jeopardize food security. Therefore, accurate and rapid detection of nutrients, physicochemical properties, and mold contamination in cereals is essential for food quality control and nutritional assessment. Near infrared spectroscopy has been widely used as a rapid and non-destructive detection method for cereal analysis in recent years. This paper aims to review the current status of the application of near infrared spectroscopy in the detection of cereals nutrients (starch, fat, protein and bioactive compounds), physicochemical properties (starch viscosity, hardness and farinograph parameters), mold contamination and other aspects (freshness, variety identification, heavy metals and pesticide residues), summarize and compare the advantages and disadvantages of common model algorithms, and propose some problems and future trends in the application of near infrared spectroscopy in cereal detection, in order to provide a reference for further improvement of near infrared spectroscopy in the detection of cereals.

Accurate calculation of downstream water level during non-spilling periods is crucial for the safe operation of hydropower stations. Inaccurate water level calculations can lead to frequent modifications of power generation plans, seriously affecting the safe, stable, and efficient operation of hydropower stations. Currently, the significant errors in calculating downstream water level during non-spilling periods urgently need to be addressed. A multiple linear regression calculation method based on decision tree classification is proposed. This method first employs the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm, using long-series measured data from hydropower stations to establish decision tree classification rules and classify data of different operation working conditions. An independent multiple linear regression method is established for the numerical fitting of every data classification, which avoids the problem that it is hard for a single model to describe the overall data characteristics. When the method is applied to calculate downstream water level during non-spilling periods at the Three Gorges Hydropower Station, the results show that the calculated downstream water level are closer to the actual downstream water level process compared to the function fitting method, which improves the calculation accuracy of downstream water level. The research findings can accurately calculate downstream water level fluctuations, reduce the impact of downstream water level on the operating head, and provide technical support for improving the refined scheduling level of hydropower stations.

Moderate intake of whole grains and non-soy legumes can improve glucose and lipid metabolism, but excessive intake may have an adverse effect. Due to the lack of corresponding conversion relationships, the intake of whole grains and non-soy legumes in mouse feed cannot directly serve as a reference for human intake. This paper introduces the addition levels of common whole grains and non-soy legumes in mouse feed and explores their relationship with the recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of common whole grains and non-soy legumes in humans using various methods, including equivalent coefficient, surface area ratio, body shape coefficient, food density, body surface area index, energy conversion, and nutrient conversion methods. The results indicate that the RDI of 50–150 g of whole grains and non-soy legumes in humans could be equivalently converted into addition of 5%–50% whole grains and beans in the feed of mice with a 3 g daily feed intake. Dietary addition of whole grains and non-soy legumes exceeding 50% might place mice at risk for overconsumption. This study provides an important reference for establishing the conversion relationship between the amounts of whole grains and non-soy legumes added to mouse feed and the RDI of whole grains and non-soy legumes in humans.

Currently, underground coal mine target detection algorithms based on deep learning show poor performance in detecting complex small targets under conditions of uneven light intensity distribution, complex target environments, and imbalanced multi-class target scale distribution, often resulting in missed detection and false detection. To address these issues, based on the single-stage target detection algorithm YOLOv8n, this study proposed an underground coal mine multi-target detection algorithm based on feature extraction by dynamic snake convolution (FEDSC)-feature fusion by bi-directional feature pyramid network and semantic and detail fusion (FFBD). FEDSC replaced the backbone network of YOLOv8n to expand the receptive field, while FFBD acted as the neck network to reduce target false detection and missed detection. Additionally, a decoupling detection head of SIoU was used as the detection layer to improve the model's adaptability to small targets and the convergence speed. The results showed that: ① The mAP@0.5 of the FEDSC-FFBD algorithm was 97.00%, the number of model parameters was 4.22×106, and the number of floating point operations per second was 21.7×109. ② The mAP@0.5 of the FEDSC-FFBD alorithm was 3.40% higher than the YOLOv8n algorithm, and the recognition accuracy of the helmet small target was 90.90%, 11% higher than the YOLOv8n algorithm. ③ Compared with other YOLO series algorithms, the FEDSC-FFBD algorithm achieved the highest mAP@0.5, which was 3.60%, 1%, 10.50%, and 6.40% higher than YOLOv5s, YOLOv9c, YOLOv10n, and YOLOv11n algorithms, respectively. ④ The FEDSC-FFBD algorithm improved the detection accuracy of multi-class targets and reduced missed detection and false detection of small targets under conditions of uneven light intensity distribution, complex target environments, and imbalanced target scale distribution in underground coal mine. The underground coal mine multi-target detection algorithm based on FEDSC-FFBD overcame the challenge of small-scale target detection caused by uneven light intensity distribution without relying on image quality enhancement algorithms.

Sleep health is a novel concept, a multidimensional sleep-wakefulness pattern that adapts to individual, social, and environmental demands to promote physical and mental well-being. Current research has found that sleep health is not only associated with physiological health issues such as diabetes, overweight/obesity, and cardiovascular risks but also has significant impacts on mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Previous sleep-related studies have primarily focused on identifying and treating sleep disorders and problems, with less attention to the positive attributes of sleep health. This review summarizes studies on sleep health, including its definition, measurement tools, and correlations with health outcomes, aiming to foster a more comprehensive understanding of sleep health and provide a reference for research on sleep health among Chinese residents.

In order to compare the quality differences of navel orange juice from different producing areas, using navel orange juice from 8 different producing areas including Gannan navel orange, etc., as research objects, the differences in sensory quality, physicochemical indexes, antioxidant activity, free amino acids, organic acids, and volatile flavor substances among the orange juice samples were compared, and the cluster analysis (CA) was performed based on volatile flavor substance content. The results showed that the sensory test indicated that the overall acceptability of Gannan navel orange was better. The physicochemical indexes test indicated that the browning index, turbidity and amino acid nitrogen content of Sanfeng navel orange were higher, and the L*, b* value and soluble solids content (SSC) of Chongzuo navel orange were higher. The results of antioxidant activity measurement indicated that the vitamin C (VC) (34.8 mg/100 ml), total phenol contents (850 mg/g) and total antioxidant capacity (166.5 U/ml) of Chongzuo navel orange were higher. A total of 16 free amino acids were detected in the 8 orange juice samples, including 7 essential amino acids, of which the proline content was relatively high. A total of 5 organic acids were detected, with citric acid being the higher content. A total of 53 volatile flavor substances were identified, and the CA results showed that the samples could be classified into three categories based on the volatile flavor substances contents, with a higher degree of similarity between Sanfeng navel orange and Kaizhou navel orange. It could be seen that the quality of navel orange juice from different producing areas had some differences, the Gannan navel orange juice had the optimal sensory quality, and the Chongzuo navel orange juice had the strongest total antioxidant capacity.

Objective and methods In this study, the hydrochemical method and self-organized neural network (SOM-KM) coupling method were employed to identify recharge sources and reveal the water-rich mechanism in the karst groundwater-rich area of the Changxiao karst water system in Jinan City. The contribution ratio of karst groundwater recharge sources in the karst groundwater-rich area was quantitatively calculated using the end-element mixed model. The enrichment mechanism of karst groundwater is explored by combining with topography, geological structure, stratigraphic lithology, and catchment conditions. Results The results showed that the karst groundwater in the catchment drainage area had similar water chemistry to that in the southern recharge area, the karst groundwater in the lateral runoff area, and the Yellow River, indicating a close hydraulic connection. This implies that the karst groundwater in the catchment drainage area is recharged by three sources: The southern mountain area, the karst groundwater in the lateral runoff area, and the Yellow River. The contribution ratios of the three components are 75.09%, 21.02%, and 3.89%, respectively. Carbonate rocks are widely distributed, and fissured karst is well developed in the accumulation and discharge areas, especially in the Maji-Xiaoli-Guide area. Moreover, there are abundant karst groundwater recharge sources in this area. During the runoff process of karst groundwater from southeast to northwest, it is impeded by sandstone and mudstone in the north. As a result, it accumulates in the contact zone between soluble rock and insoluble rock, thus forming impeded-type karst groundwater-rich structures. Conclusion Revealing the enrichment mechanism of karst groundwater in the Changxiao karst water system can provide scientific support for accurate calculations of recoverable resources and the protection of the springs in Jinan.

The charging operation of roadway excavation by drilling and blasting is an important process link of tunnel excavation. The traditional charging process has a low degree of mechanization and relies on manual operation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and unsafe. In order to solve the problems of charging by drilling and blasting in tunnel excavation, an intelligent improvement scheme, intelligent blasthole detection and path planning system, is innovatively proposed based on deep learning and intelligent algorithm technology. The system can improve the charging accuracy and construction efficiency, and provide technical support for intelligent charging of drilling and blasting. The system architecture consists of data access layer, business logic layer and presentation layer, including modules such as image acquisition, data processing, blasthole detection, path planning and visualization interface. Firstly, the blasthole image data on the excavation working face is obtained by high-precision image sensors; secondly, the intelligent data processing and analysis of the blasthole intelligent detection model based on deep learning is adopted to realize accurate detection and identification of blasthole data; finally, the improved greedy algorithm is combined with the 2−opt local search algorithm to design a charging path planning algorithm, which realizes efficient planning and optimization of charging sequence. The system integrates visualization functions and provides intuitive blasthole data management, intelligent blasthole identification, blasthole data archiving, and charging path planning, which facilitates construction personnel to perform real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment. The research results show that the accuracy of the system in blasthole detection can reach 96.24%, and the average calculation time of the path planning algorithm is about 100 milliseconds. The system can improve the efficiency, safety and intelligence level of charging during the drilling and blasting construction process, and serve the blasthole detection and path planning in the intelligent charging process of the drilling and blasting tunnel excavation.

In order to improve the baking characteristics and nutritional quality of mung bean bread, mung bean sourdough was made by fermenting mung bean flour using Northwest leavening head, and then combined with yeast as a compound leavening agent to make mung bean bread. The microbial composition of the Northwest leavening head was analyzed to clarify the composition of its microflora, the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and rheometer were used to analyze the changing pattern of the secondary structure and viscoelasticity of gluten proteins in the dough of the mung bean bread, and the texture meter was used in combination with the sensory assessment to evaluate the sensory quality of the mung bean bread. The results showed that the phytic acid content of the mung bean sourdough fermented in the Northwest fermentation head was reduced by 44.71% at 6 h of fermentation, and the pH and total titration acidity (TTA) were 6.29 and 11.03 mL, respectively. Compared with the control group, the bread with added mung bean sourdough showed a decrease in the modulus of elasticity and viscous modulus of the dough, an increase in the plasticity of the dough, the content of α-helices and β-folds in the secondary structure of proteins, and the stability of the dough. The antioxidant results showed that the scavenging ability of mung bean bread for both DPPH and ABTS+ free radicals also significantly increased (P

ObjectiveTo analyze changes in target setting for emergency response to major disease epidemics in China before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, summarize strengths and weaknesses in target setting, and provide a basis for improving target setting for emergency response to major disease epidemics in China. MethodsWe systematically retrieved a total of 3 864 policy documents (including plans, laws and regulations, and work programs) related to the prevention and control of major epidemics issued by government agencies of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2020. Relevant target content was extracted and the degree of consistency between emergency response targets for major diseases and public demand was calculated (the newly added targets are calculated on a cumulative basis from the precious year, and no value is assigned for duplicates). Paired rank sum tests were used to statistically test for differences in indicators before and after the epidemic. ResultsThe consistency between the overall goal of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs in China increased from 79.7% by 2019 (before COVID-19) to 91.3% in by 2020 (after COVID-19), with an increase of 14.6%, and the region-specific consistency increased from 81.2% to 93% for the eastern region and from 78.3% to 90.1% for the western region, with an increase of 14.5% and 15.1%, respectively, and a significant difference between the regions (P < 0.05). National consistency between the primary prevention goal of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs increased from 36.9% to 46.4%, with a significant difference between the periods before and after the COVID-19 epidemic (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between periods in consistency between the secondary and tertiary prevention goals of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs at either the national or regional level. ConclusionConsistency between emergency response goals for major disease epidemics and public needs in China has increased, either at the national or regional level, especially for primary prevention goals.

Chuanhong congou black tea was made from seven tea plant species that were grown in Yibin, including 'Sichuan Medium and Small Leaf Group Species' 'Fuding Dabai' 'Fuyun 6' 'Mingshan 131' 'Qingxin Oolong' 'Tianfu 5' and 'Tianfu 6'. The main differentiating ingredients in Chuanhong congou black tea, which was produced from the fresh leaves of several tea plant species, were examined using sensory evaluation, electronic nose (E-nose), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), odor activity value (OAV), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The findings indicated that the black tea derived from the fresh leaves of the seven different tea kinds was sweet, with the 'Sichuan Medium and Small Leaf Group Species' scoring the highest and having a little fruity flavor. A total of 84 volatile aroma compounds, including 29 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 15 esters, 12 alkenes, 7 acids, 5 ketones and 4 other hydrocarbons were found. There were 14 kinds of common aroma compounds in the 7 samples, and the contents of aroma compounds were significantly different among different samples (P1). Eight key differential aroma compounds were identified in the black tea samples of different tea plant varieties, including geraniol, linalool, methyl salicylate, phenylethanol, styrene, 2-hexenal, (E)-linalool oxide (furan-type) and citral. In summary, the types and contents of aroma substances of Chuanhong cougou black tea made from fresh leaves of different tea plant varieties differ greatly. The study results can provide reference for selecting suitable tea plant varieties for Chuanhong cougou black tea.

Taking advantage of green energy is becoming increasingly popular. However, when it comes to the storage I/O, where storage devices usually schedule nodes based on the intensity of the storage workload, the irregular fluctuations of green energy lead to the mismatch of peaks and valleys between green energy and storage workloads, which increases the difficulty of scheduling storage resources. To address this issue, a tiering-cooperative energy-efficient scheme for hybrid NVM-SSD storage system, called MixSave, is proposed. MixSave customizes the energy-saving strategies for each layer and tunes them cooperatively between layers, reducing overall energy usage. It efficiently tiers NVM and SSD and replicates data among them based on their performance and energy characteristics, achieving both high performance and large capacity. The workload-driven strategy is used by the NVM layer, which is used for caching, to ensure the best performance, and the number of active NVM devices depends on the storage workload. Meanwhile, the SSD layer employs a green energy-oriented strategy to conserve traditional energy, and the number of active SSD devices will be proportionally to the amount of green energy supplied. Evaluation results show that, when compared with energy-save-unaware approaches, MixSave degrades performance by less than 4% and saves traditional energy by 73% to 80% and 55% to 61% under light and heavy workloads, respectively.

As a kind of complex system with strong nonlinearity, strong coupling, time variance, redundancy, and high dimension, the modeling, motion control, and stability analysis of an underwater vehicle-manipulator system(UVMS) are very challenging. In dynamics modeling, the traditional Lagrange equation is often used to model the complex UVMS with high degrees of freedom, which requires the operation of derivation and partial derivation of the generalized coordinates and their derivatives and will face the problems of a large amount of calculation and low modeling efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposed a simplified dynamics modeling method for UVMS with 6+n degree-of-freedom based on the quasi-Lagrange equation, which could reduce the amount of calculation in the symbolic formula derivation and improve the modeling efficiency and the accuracy of the results. Finally, the numerical simulation of a UVMS model was carried out with the physical parameters of the underwater vehicle BlueROV and the underwater manipulator Reach Alpha, and the simulation results verified the complex coupling of the UVMS. The dynamics model based on the proposed method had a clear equation form, which not only provided strong support for the study of control algorithms and the optimization of coupling forces but also a basis for the design of dynamics parameters and the study of trajectory planning.

The Jingyang–Weinan Fault that Xi’an Metro Line 10 crosses is a Holocene active fault, and its future stick-slip earthquakes and coseismic dislocations pose a potential threat to the metro line. To reveal the deformation and stratum stress characteristics of the site caused by the stick-slip seismic and coseismic dislocations of the Jingyang–Weinan Fault zone, based on the Jingyang–Weinan fault zone crossed by Xi’an Metro Line 10, the geomechanical model of the fault zone site coseismic dislocations and stick-slip seismic was established, and the numerical simulation analysis of the stratum deformation and stress field characteristics of fault zone site was carried out considering different dislocation amounts and seismic intensity. The results show that under the coseismic dislocation, the stress reduction and strengthening zones appear in the hanging wall and footwall near the fault zone, and the site presents an inverse “S” shaped differential settlement failure. The differential displacement peaks at the fault zone, and the plastic zone is concentrated here. The deformation range and plastic zone of the hanging wall are 1.67 times and 2.50 times more than that of the footwall, respectively. The displacement and differential deformation of the site near the fault zone reach the peak value under the stick-slip earthquake. The influence range of the site displacement during the large earthquake is approximately 6.50 times more than that during the medium earthquake. It has a typical magnification effect on the hanging wall, and the displacement decreases linearly far away from the fault zone. The amplification factor of peak surface acceleration (PGA) in the large earthquake is 1.14 times more than that in the medium earthquake. The site shows “V” shear failure; the plastic zones of hanging wall and footwall in the large earthquake is about 1.40 times and 1.00 times larger than that in the medium earthquake, respectively. This study can provide a scientific basis for the seismic fortification of Xi’an Metro Line lines crossing the Jingyang–Weinan fault zone.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases, and despite the widespread use of biomarkers for myocardial necrosis, morbidity and mortality of AMI remain high. Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of miR-126, mitochondrial components and adhesion molecules in endothelial microparticles (EMPs) . Methods A total of 50 patients with AMI (AMI group), 50 patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) (SCAD group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2021 to September 2022. AMI patients and SCAD patients were hospitalized in our hospital and received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and all healthy subjects were evaluated by the physical examination center of our hospital. Peripheral blood samples and general data of three groups were collected. The morphology of the microparticles (MPs) was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the level of EMPs was identified by flow cytometry, and the expression of miR-126 in EMPs was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. ELISA was used to detect the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin] in EMPs. Results As observed by TEM, the membrane structure of the isolated MPs was intact and its diameter ranged from 100 to 400 nm. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-126 in plasma EMPs in the AMI group was significantly decreased (P

Taste is an important quality attribute of tea. In order to find out the taste quality of green teas made from the major varieties in Wanzhou district, Chongqing, the taste profile of the tea infusions was determined by sensory evaluation and 5 taste components including catechins, free amino acids, alkaloids, flavanols and their glycosides, and organic acids were analyzed by targeted detection methods. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the taste quality of green teas prepared from the 4 varieties of tea trees. Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety had a strong taste, and ‘Anji Baicha’ had an obvious fresh and brisk taste with mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ tasted strong with fresh and brisk taste and mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Zhonghuang 1’ tasted fresh and brisk but less strong. The results of taste component analysis showed that the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety contained high contents of catechins but low contents of free amino acids. ‘Anji Baicha’ had the highest content of free amino acids. The content of each flavor component was high in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’, and the contents of total flavor components and water extract of ‘Zhonghuang 1’ were low. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the 4 varieties could be well distinguished. Thirteen major taste contributors such as rutin and caffeine were identified. The differential analysis indicated that aspartic acid, glutamic acid and theanine were the major contributors to the fresh and brisk taste characteristics of ‘Anji Baicha’ and ‘Fuding Dabaicha’. Yangmeiin-3-O-galactoside and chrysin were the major taste contributors for ‘Zhonghuang 1’ that distinguished it from the other 3 varieties. There were also large differences in taste components within the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety, with samples C4 and C5 being closer to each other. They both contained high contents of flavonoid glycosides, having a strong astringent taste. This study provides a reference for research to improve the flavor quality of green tea in Wanzhou district.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current status of hypertension prevention and control management operation mechanisms in Chinese mainland, explore the impact of their improvement on hypertension prevention and control effects, and provide a reference for enhancing hypertension prevention and control management. MethodsPolicy documents related to hypertension prevention and control from January 1 2000 to December 31, 2018 in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in Chinese mainland were collected. The current status of hypertension prevention and control management operation mechanisms in Chinese mainland was systematically evaluated according to the appropriate public health system evaluation model and standard. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of the improvement of management operation mechanisms on hypertension prevention and control effects. ResultsIn 2018, the appropriateness of hypertension prevention and control management operation mechanisms in Chinese mainland was 43.68%, with an increase of 21.64% compared to 2000, but there was still a gap of 48.61% from the appropriate standard. Among them, the appropriateness of coordination and incentive mechanisms was the lowest (14.03%), and the appropriateness of planning and evaluation mechanisms was the highest (63.04%). In terms of specific positioning, the coverage of medium and long-term plans (100.00%) and the completeness of content and form (94.45%) were relatively high, while the feasibility of management mechanisms was only 9.76%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the improvement of management operation mechanisms helped control blood pressure in hypertensive patients (OR = 1.012, P = 0.007) and maintain the stability of patients’ blood pressure (OR = 1.010, P = 0.029). Conclusion From 2000 to 2018, the construction of hypertension prevention and control management mechanisms in Chinese mainland tended to be improved, effectively promoting the improvement of hypertension prevention and control management levels. However, it is still necessary to further establish and improve coordination and incentive mechanisms and clarify the division of departmental responsibilities.

Honey is rich in nutrients and has a wide range of biological activities. However, due to the different botanical origins, geographical origins, entomological origins, and maturity, honey shows significant differences in their endogenous compositions and nutritional values. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are closely related to the characteristic properties of honey, and can be used to characterize the differences between honey. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) is a new technology which combines gas chromatography with ion mobility spectroscopy for the determination of VOCs. In recent years, GC-IMS has been gradually applied to entomological origins identification, geographical origin tracing, botanical origin differentiation, adulteration identification and maturity evaluation of honey, and has achieved good results, showing great application potential in honey quality evaluation. In this paper, the application research progress of GC-IMS for honey quality evaluation is summarized. It is suggested that future research should be carried out from the aspects of establishing honey GC-IMS database, developing GC-IMS equipment with fusion quantitative function, developing the technical standard of quality evaluation based on GC-IMS, and using GC-IMS in combination with other detection technologies，in order to provide reference for the application of GC-IMS for honey quality control, flavor research and product development.

Accurate estimation of turbulence field is of great importance in aerospace, and existing means of obtaining turbulence field is inadequate in terms of resolution or accuracy. Experimental measurements are accurate but often have a limited number of observation points, and numerical computations can obtain full-field data but the accuracy is difficult to guarantee. The data assimilation method integrates experimental observation and numerical simulation, which is an effective tool for flow field reconstruction. This paper explored the effectiveness of data assimilation method based on ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF) in spatial flow field reconstruction, and also discussed the reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency of different iterative updates, namely ETKF-M and ETKF-D, which update state variables based on turbulence model and flow field data respectively. Using the ONERA M6 airfoil as a numerical example, the algorithm was experimented by combining the pressure measurement data from 271 pressure holes on the airfoil surface from the wind tunnel test. The results show that different iterative updates of ETKF method can effectively modify the prediction of the turbulence model, and the ETKF-D improves the computational efficiency by 83% compared with the ETKF-M. In addition, two groups of 1/4 experimental observation points at different locations were selected for assimilation experiments, and results with different accuracies were obtained. It indicates that the accuracy of reconstruction is closely related to the location and number of assimilated observation points.

As the aging population increases, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease rises annually. In this context, the evaluation of cardiac function using medical imaging techniques plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac segmentation is a prerequisite for assessing cardiac function and has been closely studied by clinicians and scientific researchers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature from the past decade on cardiac segmentation, categorizing the studies into traditional segmentation approaches and deep learning methodologies. Emphasis is placed on the detailed discussion of segmentation methods based on active contours and atlas models; deep learning algorithms based on U-Net and full convolution neural network (FCN) are also extensively discussed. In particular, this paper elaborates various approaches to enhance deep learning networks and achieve accurate segmentation of specific cardiac regions. These approaches include incorporating local modules, optimizing loss functions, and enhancing network architectures. A comprehensive summary of the aforementioned methods is presented, considering three imaging modalities: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and ultrasonic cardiogram. Lastly, the article concludes by summarizing the current research status and discussing research directions for further exploration.

Taking red tangerinet of Wanzhou as the research object, the juice was extracted by unpeeling and peeling, respectively, and the turbid juice was clarified by enzymatic hydrolysis, the red tangerine wine was brewed with unpeeled turbid juice, unpeeled clear juice, peeled turbid juice and peeled clear juice respectively, and the sensory quality was evaluated. The organic acids and volatile flavor compounds in juice and wine were determined by liquid phase chromatography and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with GC-MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed based on volatile flavor components. Results showed that the main organic acids in the juice were malic acid and citric acid, in addition, there were lactic acid and acetic acid in tangerine fruit. A total of 100 volatile flavor components were detected in red tangerinet juice and wine, including 28 esters, 19 alcohols, 3 phenols, 2 ethers, 8 aldehydes, 10 ketones, 4 acids, 3 alkanes and 23 olefins. In general, there were more types of flavor substances in tangerine wine fermented with clear juice than turbid juice, and there were more types of alcohols and olefins in fermented wine with unpeeled fermentation than with peeled fermentation. The results of PCA showed that the main volatile flavor substances in different red tangerine juice and wine were ethyl caprylate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl n-caproate, ethyl laurate, ethyl palmitate, α-terpinol, phenyl ethanol, octanol, geraniol, thymol, L-perillaldehyde, capric aldehyde, etc. The results of CA showed that the samples could be clustered into three categories, which were consistent with PCA results.

To explore the metabolites differences of grilled fish in different packages, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the metabolite profile of prefabricated grilled fish in tray packaging, vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging through non-targeted metabolomics. The results showed that 318 metabolites were identified under secondary mass spectrometry information in the prefabricated grilled fish with different packaging. In this study, 47 differential metabolites were identified, including 10 fatty acids, 10 nucleotides, 9 amino acids, 7 organic acids and derivatives, 3 benzene and derivatives, 2 alcohol amines, and 6 unconfirmed metabolites, based on the variable importance projection value (VIP, VIP>1) and P

In the construction process of tunnel (roadway) drilling and blasting, intelligent charging can replace manual operation and reduce the occurrence of dangerous accidents in charging operation. However, some factors such as poor light conditions in the tunnel, small blasthole targets, and cracks in the tunnel face will cause the misdetection and missed detection of blastholes during intelligent charging. At the same time, the limited computing power of the vehicle-mounted computer is also a difficulty that restricts the use of large models for blasthole identification. The MCIW-2 deep learning model can solve the problem of high-precision blasthole detection and real-time deployment in the tunnel excavation environment. According to the size characteristics of the collected blasthole images, the model adopts the adaptive anchor frame clustering algorithm module to optimize the aspect ratio size parameters of the detection frame. The loss function WIoU (Wise Intersection over Union) with a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism is used to deal with the challenge of low-quality blasthole images for achieving a high-precision detection. The MobileNetv3-Small network and CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) are used to build a backbone network structure, reducing model parameters to ensure detection accuracy and meet the lightweight deployment requirements of vehicle equipment. Experiments have proved that the MCIW-2 model has reached 96.18% accuracy in blasthole recognition, and the detection speed has reached 59 fps. Compared with the benchmark YOLO (You Only Look Once) series target detection model with the smallest file, the lightweight blasthole intelligent detection model constructed is reduced by 75.86%, and the model file is only 2.80 Mb, which is better than the benchmark target detection model of the YOLO series. The MCIW-2 deep learning model is used to test the live video of the working face, and the rapid and accurate detection of blasthole is realized. The test results show that the model is suitable for the lightweight deployment requirements of intelligent charge engineering, has a good adaptability, and some significant advantages in comprehensive performance.

Lithium (Li) and boron (B) isotopes are excellent tracers in geological processes. In order to study and eliminate the memory effects of lithium and boron element in isotopic measurements using MC-ICP-MS, different background rinsing protocols were designed with reference to previous research. The δ7Li and δ11B values of different types of reference materials were tested to evaluate the long-term reproducibility of the measurements using designated rinsing protocols for at least six months. The results show that using only 0.3% NaCl solution to clean the background for 60s can significantly reduce the lithium background signal and ensure the 7Li background signal is less than 5mV within 24h. The long-term external precision of δ7Li values for Alfa Li, an in-house standard, was 0.13‰ (2SD, n=73). Rinsing solutions, such as NAF and NH3·H2O could not significantly reduce the boron background of the instrument. However, the flexible blank subtracting method was used for precise determination of δ11B values. The long-term external precision of δ11B values for Alfa B was 0.19‰ (2SD, n=60). The average δ7Li and δ11B values of different types of reference materials were tested using these rinsing protocols, and the results were well consistent with reported data, supporting the applicability of the conclusions. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202310260167.

Effects of soaking grain water temperature, time and steaming time on the gelatinization of japonica and glutinous sorghum were investigated by single factor and orthogonal experiments to determine the optimal steaming gelatinization process, and it was applied in Xiasha (sorghum first added in sauce-flavor Baijiu) production. The results showed that the optimal steaming gelatinization process of japonica sorghum was soaking grain water temperature 55 ℃, time 18 h and steaming time 150 min. The optimal steaming gelatinization process of glutinous sorghum was soaking grain water temperature 55 ℃, time 2.5 h and steaming time 80 min. After the optimal steaming gelatinization process was applied on the brewing production, the viscosity of the steamed japonica and glutinous sorghum was moderate, without raw inside, the moisture of japonica and glutinous sorghum was (44.49±0.60)% and (42.62±0.37)%, respectively, and the gelatinization rate was (30.51±0.73)% and (20.57±0.55)%, respectively, which met the standard steaming state of sorghum in Xiasha round of sauce-flavor Baijiu production. The performance of temperature rise was normal in stacking fermentation and pit fermentation, the maximum temperature of stacking and pit fermentation of japonica sorghum reached 57.4 ℃ and 42.5 ℃, respectively, and glutinous sorghum reached 59.3 ℃ and 43.5 ℃, respectively.

To investigate the effect of ultrasound assisted NaCl soaking on the structure and digestive characteristics of black beans, the scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction and other methods were used to analyze the mechanism of NaCl on the structure of black beans. And the thermal properties, water absorption, and swelling rate were used to clarify the changes in the properties of the black beans during the ripening process, and the in vitro digestive properties of starch were analyzed. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted NaCl soaking decreased the densification of black bean powder particles and made the gap between particles larger while reducing the damage to the starch crystallization region. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the swelling rate of black bean particles increased by 28%, 48%, and 56% compared to water soaking, and the hardness significantly decreased. The gelatinization degree increased to 40%, 43%, and 45%, and the hydrolysis rate of black bean starch decreased to 19.05%, 17.93%, and 17.48%, respectively. This indicated that sodium ions could inhibit starch digestion, the NaCl soaking treatment in this study would provide a theoretical basis for the development of low GI functional foods.

Food intake disorders are costly to treat, with an increasing prevalence over the years, and a higher risk of mortality compared to other psychiatric disorders. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) , as a relatively new type of food intake disorder, is more prevalent in children and adolescents than in other age groups, affecting their normal growth and development, as well as psychosocial functioning. Currently, there are more foreign studies, while domestic studies are still in the initial stage. Therefore, this paper reviews assessment tools, influencing factors and treatment approaches for ARFID in children and adolescents, with the aim of providing a reference for related research in China.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and unmanned and other related disciplines, the intelligence and unmanned of coal mining equipment has become a new trend. The application of intelligent equipment will greatly improve the productivity of coal mine operations as well as personnel safety. In this environment, the existing LIDAR-based Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) solution is prone to positioning drift and large mapping errors. To address these problems, a tightly coupled SLAM algorithm based on LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) is proposed, which uses both LiDAR and IMU sensors as data inputs.The front-end uses an iterative extended Kalman filter to fuse the pre-processed LiDAR feature points with the IMU data and uses backward propagation to correct the radar motion distortion, the back-end uses the LiDAR relative positional factor to use the LiDAR inter-frame alignment results as a constraint factor together with the loopback factor to complete the global factor map optimization. The robustness and accuracy of the algorithm are verified using open source dataset and open pit coal mine field dataset. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is consistent with the current LiDAR SLAM algorithm in the urban structured environment, while the proposed algorithm improves the localization accuracy by 46.00% and 23.15% with higher robustness than the FAST-LIO2 and LIO-SAM tightly coupled algorithms for the open pit coal mine field environment of more than 2000 meters long, respectively.

ObjectiveTo analyze the change in service capacity against major epidemics before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China for the promotion of the capacity. MethodsVia systematic search on the official websites and the law documents website of Peking University (PKULAW), we collected totally 1 756 policy documents relevant to major epidemic prevention and control issued during 2002 – 2020 by government departments and professional public health institutions in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions of China. Contents about the coverage and assessability of service capacity of major epidemic prevention and control were extracted from the documents and indexes for evaluating national and regional coverage and assessability were calculated based on the extracted contents. Paired signed-rank test was used to analyze changes in the indexes before and during COVID-19 epidemic. ResultsThe coverage of major epidemic prevention and control services has reached 100% in the Chinese mainland in 2019. In comparison to those in 2019 before the emergence of COVID-19 epidemic, the national assessability indexes (%) for service capability of major epidemic prevention and control of pre-, ongoing- and post-stage increased in 2020 by 29.78% (65.59% vs. 50.54%) , 17.54% (72.04% vs. 61.29% ) and 4.34% (38.71% vs. 37.10%). the assessment index for service capability of major epidemic prevention and control of pre-stage increased from 78.79% to 89.39% for eastern region and that of ongoing-stage increased from 65.00% to 76.67% for western region (both P < 0.05); but there was no significant increase in regional assessment index for service capability of major epidemic prevention and control of post-stage. The national assessment index for service capacity of major epidemic prevention and control of whole process increased significantly from 66.00% in 2019 to 73.78% in 2020 after the emergence of COVID-19 epidemic (P < 0.001). ConclusionThe overall service capacity of major epidemic prevention and control has improved after the emergence of COVID-19 epidemic in the Chinese Mainland but the service capacity needs to be improved in central and western regions; in addition, the post-event assessment on the service capacity should be concerned for the promotion of the service capacity.

ObjectiveTo examine the variation in clearly documented assignment of departmental responsibilities for major epidemic prevention and control in the Chinese mainland before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. MethodsOfficial policy documents related to major epidemic prevention and control issued by administrative agencies of 31 provincial level administrative divisions from 2000 through 2020 were systematically retrieved online from websites of the agencies. The extracted information on the coverage, clarification and assessability of the assigned departmental responsibilities for major epidemic prevention and control were analyzed; T-test and paired rank sum test were adopted in statistical analysis. ResultsBased on relevant information extracted from the 3 864 policy documents retrieved, the nationwide average proportion of the departments with officially assigned responsibility versus all departments at provincial level increased significantly from 80.93% (18.61/23.00) in 2019 to 89.62% (20.61/23.00) in 2020 (P < 0.05); the average proportion of the departments with the assessable responsibility versus all departments with the assigned responsibility increased from 26.16% (4.81/18.61) to 30.93% (6.39/20.61) and the average proportion of the departments with the specified responsibility versus all departments with the assigned responsibility also increased significantly from 44.00% to 54.58%; but the average proportion of the departments with clearly specified responsibility was not significantly improved. In 2020, the nationwide average proportion of the provincial departments with officially assigned responsibility increased significantly to 87.10% and 20.97% for the professional departments and the key support departments (P < 0.05), while the proportion for other support departments was not significantly different from that in 2000. ConclusionThe degree of clearly documented assignment of departmental responsibilities for major epidemic prevention and control in China has been significantly improved after the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic but the assessability of the assigned departmental responsibilities need to be improved.

ObjectiveTo analyze changes in the coverage of incentive measures for promoting major epidemic prevention and control in documents published by governmental and professional departments in the Chinese Mainland before and after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic of 2020.MethodsThrough systematically searching websites of government departments and professional institutions in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of the mainland of China, we retrieved totally 3 864 documents (including laws, regulations, standards, rules, proposals, plans, and guidelines) relevant to major epidemic prevention and control published from 2000 through 2020. The paragraphs related to incentive and disciplinary measures for promoting the containment of major epidemic were extracted to calculate region- and institution-specific coverage of the measures in the retrieved documents. Wilcoxon paired rank sum test was adopted to evaluate differences in the coverage of the established measures before and after COVID-19 epidemic of 2020 among various economic regions and administrative/professional institutions. ResultsThe average coverage of disciplinary measures for the retrieved documents increased from 74.19% before 2020 to 76.34% in 2020, with a significant increase of 2.90% (P < 0.05); while, the average coverage incentive measures was 22.85% for the documents published in 2020, significantly increased in comparison with no incentive measure presented in all the documents published before 2020 (P < 0.001). Compared to those before 2020, the national average combined coverage of incentive and disciplinary measures increased significantly by 11.83%, 30.77%, 42.11%, and 89.66% in 2020, for the documents published by administrative departments, public health institutions, health care institutions, and primary health care institutions, respectively; the national average coverage increased from 37.10% before 2020 to 49.60% in 2020 for the documents published by all the institutions, with an increment of 33.70%; and for the documents published by all the institutions in the PLADs of eastern, central and western region, the coverage increased significantly by 47.47%, 27.54% and 25.00% (all P < 0.05). ConclusionAfter COVID-19 epidemic of 2020, the coverage of incentive and disciplinary measures for promoting major epidemic prevention and control increased significantly in the documents published by governmental and professional departments in the mainland of China and the increase was much higher for the coverage of incentive measures.

Objective To synthesize bovine serum albumin(BSA)-loaded liraqlutide (Lir)-nanoparticles coated with platelet membrane fragments (PMF) using a“bottom-up” nano-engineering chemistry technique, and to evaluate their cyto-compatibility and potential function of anti-oxidative stress. Methods PMF was extracted as reported previously. Lir@BSA nanoparticles were prepared by self-assembly method. PMF was coated on the surface of Lir@BSA nanoparticles by co-extrusion to prepare Lir@BSA-PMF. The physical and chemical properties of Lir@BSA-PMF particles were characterized as particle size, Zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and particle size stability. The encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency and cumulative release efficiency of liraglutide were calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze whether there was a similar membrane protein distribution of platelet membrane on Lir@BSA-PMF bionicnanocarrier.CCK-8 assay was used to verify the biocompatibility of the materials. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) experiment was used to explore the effect of Lir@BSA-PMF on cell oxidative damage. The uptake of cells on Lir@BSA-PMF bionic nano capsules was verified by cell phagocytosis experiment. Results Lir@BSA-PMF nanoparticles had a stable particle size of 25 nm with a spherical morphology, and a Zeta potential value of -25.5 mV. The encapsulation efficiency, loading efficiency and cumulative release efficiency of liraglutide were 85.56%, 7.96% and 77.06%, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the Lir@BSA-PMF bio-mimetic nano capsules retained the similar membrane protein distribution as platelet membrane. CCK-8 assay verified that the nanomaterials were non-cytotoxic. ROS results showed that Lir@BSA-PMF nanomaterials had obvious antioxidant properties. The results of cell phagocytosis showed that the cells had a good phagocytosis effect on Lir@BSA-PMF nanoparticles. Conclusions The nanoparticles Lir@BSA-PMF are successfully synthesized and have no effects on cells viability in vitro. The particles are taken up by cells and show a significant function of antioxidant damage.

The Ediacaran–Ordovician strata within three major marine basins (Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos) in China are analyzed. Based on previous studies focusing on the characteristics of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian strata within the three major basins (East Siberian, Oman, and Officer in Australian) overseas, the carbonate–evaporite assemblages in the target interval are divided into three types: intercalated carbonate and gypsum salt, interbedded carbonate and gypsum salt, and coexisted carbonate, gypsum salt and clastic rock. Moreover, the concept and definition of the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are clarified. The results indicate that the oil and gas in the carbonate–evaporite assemblage are originated from two types of source rocks: shale and argillaceous carbonate, and confirmed the capability of gypsum salt in the saline environment to drive the source rock hydrocarbon generation. The dolomite reservoirs are classified in two types: gypsum-bearing dolomite flat, and grain shoal & microbial mound. This study clarifies that the penecontemporaneous or epigenic leaching of atmospheric fresh water mainly controlled the large-scale development of reservoirs. Afterwards, burial dissolution transformed and reworked the reservoirs. The hydrocarbon accumulation in carbonate-evaporite assemblage can be categorized into eight sub-models under three models (sub-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, supra-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation, and inter-evaporite hydrocarbon accumulation). As a result, the Cambrian strata in the Tazhong Uplift North Slope, Maigaiti Slope and Mazatag Front Uplift Zone of the Tarim Basin, the Cambrian strata in the eastern-southern area of the Sichuan Basin, and the inter-evaporite Ma-4 Member of Ordovician in the Ordos Basin, China, are defined as favorable targets for future exploration.

With the ready-to-heat prepared grilled fish as study subject, the moisture distribution and volatile flavor compounds of grilled fish under different electric grilling conditions were investigated by LF-NMR and HS-SPME-GC-MS detection technology. The results showed that the lowest processing loss and the highest water holding capacity were found in the grilled fish baked at 250 °C for 20 min. The main form of water in grilled fish was non-flowable water, with the lowest relaxation times T22 and T23 for grilled fish at 200 °C, followed by grilled fish at 250 °C. The T2 inversion spectrum shifted to the left overall, indicating that the degree of freedom of water molecules decreased. Grilled fish at 250 °C for 20 min had the highest percentage of peak area of non-flowable water (A22) that up to 94.03%, and had the lowest percentage of peak area of free water (A23) as low as 1.93%, indicating that muscle tissue hold water better. A total of 70 volatile compounds were identified in five groups of grilled fish, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons. The key volatile flavor compounds were screened by their relative odor activity values as 12, 9, 11, 8 and 8, respectively. The flavor compounds that contributed significantly to the five groups of samples were hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol and nonanal, with guaiacol and 4-methylphenol being the key flavor compounds specific to charcoal grilled fish. The key volatile flavor compounds of grilled fish baked under different conditions differed significantly by principal component analysis. Correlation analysis showed that A22 was significant positively correlated with isovaleraldehyde, heptanal and 2,3-octanedione (P

Background During the nationwide epidemic of COVID-19 infection, the spatial agglomeration of medical resources in China has been highlighted, and there are obvious differences in medical level among provinces. Currently, the evaluation of medical level in China by provinces was mainly conducted by domestic scholars using quantitative methods, while comprehensive method was less applied to evaluate the medical level by provinces. Objective To understand the differences in the level of healthcare development in China by provinces, so as to provide a reference for healthcare decision makers. Methods In November 2022, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Web of Science were searched by computer for the researches in the field of medical level. Based on the existing research results, relative and average indicators were selected to construct the evaluation index system. The data of each evaluation index was extracted or calculated by using China Health and Health Statistical Yearbook 2022 as the data source. Using the principal component analysis and TOPSIS model, the medical levels of 31 provinces in China (Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province were not included in the statistics) were comprehensively evaluated. Results A total of 6 qualified papers were retrieved and 13 relative and average indicators were selected from three aspects of medical resources, medical services, and medical security to construct the evaluation system. The KMO value was 0.733, and Bartlett's spherical test showed that χ2=346.908, P

To explore the development value of different freshwater fish productions of prefabricated grilled fish and realize the diversified development of prefabricated grilled fish categories, an analysis was hereby carried out on the nutritional and textural characteristics of prefabricated grilled fish processed from six common freshwater fish. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the moisture and ash content (P>0.05), the protein content ranged from 21.87%~24.28%, and the fat content was low in all six types of grilled fish. Besides, the content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine was high, and that of the total essential amino acids ranged from 7.71~9.42 g/100 g. Among them, that of common carp and Wuchang fish was higher, followed by tilapia and grass carp, Wuchang fish, common carp and tilapia had a high fresh amino acid content. The ratio of the essential amino acids to the total amino acids of the six grilled fish was about 40%, which was a high-quality animal protein source. According to the amino acid score, the first limiting amino acid of all six grilled fish was methionine+cysteine, common carp had the highest essential amino acid index, followed by tilapia. Besides, a total of 22 fatty acids were detected in the six grilled fish species, which had a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Tilapia and Wuchang fish contained high functional fatty acids with a high nutritional value, such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Through the principal component analysis, the comprehensive score of nutritional indicators followed the order of tilapia>Wuchang fish>common carp>grass carp>crucian carp>pincer fish, while in terms of textural characteristics, the elasticity and chewiness of tilapia and Wuchang fish were significantly（P

In this study, eight potential functional strains were selected to interfered with RAW264.7 murine macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Then, changes in phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and natural killer (NK) cell activity were detected and the screened potential probiotics were further intervened in BALB/c mice to explore their immunomodulatory efficacy in vivo. In cell experiments, the results showed that the intervention of different strains significantly increased the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells (P0.05). In conclusion, Bifidobacterium bifidum FL-228.1 can improve innate immune function and have a more comprehensive effect on the immune system by regulating immune cell activity, cytokine expression and mRNA levels of immune molecules related to antimicrobial peptides.

The addition of trace Mo and Nb elements to the Fe-Cr-Al ferrite alloy of the accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding can play a role in solid solution strengthening and precipitation. The precipitated Laves phase distributes at the grain boundary and subgrain boundary, which can fix the grain boundary and hinder grain growth, improving the thermal stability of the alloy. According to another view, the pinning effect of the Laves phase is smaller than the solute drag effect (SDE) and does not contribute significantly. The phase field method was used to quantitatively simulate the hindrance of Mo and Nb solute elements to grain boundary migration in order to study SDE on grain boundary migration during grain growth. To model the effect of the solute elements on grain boundary migration, a polycrystalline phase field model and a solute drag additional term were introduced to the existing phase field model, and the specific expressions of these models were derived for simulation. The simulation results show that the phase field method can observe the unsteady solute separation process, in comparison to the classical steady-state SDE model. In addition, the distribution of solute at grain boundaries with different migration rates and the corresponding SDE dissipation energy at those rates are also obtained, and the action range of Nb and Mo element SDE is determined. The degree of solute segregation at the grain boundary is negatively related to the grain boundary migration rate. When the grain boundary migration rate is greater than 1×10-5 m/s, the segregation of Mo and Nb at the grain boundary tends to zero. The relationship between SDE dissipation energy and interface migration rate is parabolic, with a peak value of 69.7 J/mol at a rate of 1.124×10-6 m/s. When the interface migration rate is less than 1.124×10-6 m/s, the concentration distribution deviates from the equilibrium state and the dominant SDE dissipation energy increases. When the interface migration rate is greater than 1.124×10-6 m/s, the solute separates and the degree of segregation decreases, while the dominant SDE dissipation energy decreases. During the early stage of grain growth, the solute at the grain boundary is not in a saturated state and the interface migration rate is too high, resulting in no obvious SDE. At the same time, the high interface migration rate causes solute retention. The results of the study show that the model is suitable for simulating the SDE in the polycrystalline growth process, and can provide valuable information for a deeper understanding of the solute dragging process of Mo and Nb in materials and for material design and performance prediction.

Objective To summarize the nursing experience of osteopathic robot-assisted vascularized fibular transplantation in the treatment of patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH). Methods From September 2016 to November 2020, there were 17 ANFH patients (21 hips) in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital undergoing vascularized fibular graft assisted by orthopedic robots. After operation, the patients were given vasodilator, anticoagulant, anti-infective and related nursing care, as well as functional rehabilitation guidance. Results The operation was successful in 21 hips. All patients had no complications such as donor nerve injury and postoperative lower limb venous thrombosis. There was no weight-bearing activity within 3 months postoperatively and partial weight-bearing on crutches between 3 and 6 months. Among 10 patients (12 hips) followed for an average of 15 months, the hip function recovered well in 9 patients, and one bilateral ANFH patient, in whom the right side recovered smoothly, but the left hip joint was painful and restricted. No intra-articular infection and fibular head protrusion were found by arthroscopic exploration in this patient, and the symptoms were relieved after treatment of acetabular osteophyte. Conclusion For the treatment of ANFH with robot-assisted vascularized transplantation, nursing should focus on whether there is nerve injury in the donor area and on postoperative survival of the transplanted fibula. Postoperative functional exercise is an important part of the recovery for limb function.

The mechanical equipment in aerospace field that will not be reused after being used once is called disposable machinery. The failure of the flexible wheel is the most important factor affecting the performance of the disposable harmonic reducer. The change of the meshing stiffness can reflect the fault characteristics of the harmonic drive. In this study, the disposable and conventional harmonic gears are distinguished from the application environment and structure. Then, the crack initiation position of the flexible wheel in the disposable harmonic drive is analyzed. Besides, the damage model of the disposable harmonic flexible has been established based on the extended finite element method, and the crack propagation path of the flexible wheel rim is observed. Finally, the effect of cracks on the meshing stiffness of the disposable harmonic drive is discussed. The research conclusions of this study can provide theoretical support for fault diagnosis and life prediction of disposable harmonic gears.

Silicide coatings are the most commonly used high-temperature protective coating for niobium alloy high-temperature structural components used in aerospace and aviation.In order to improve the performance of silicide coating and meet the increasingly stringent service conditions of niobium alloy high-temperature structural components， silicide coatings were prepared on the surface of NbW alloy by slurry fusion sintering method.By changing the sintering temperature of the coating (1 350，1 400，1 450，1 500 ℃)， the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coating was studied.Results showed that the main components of the dense layer of the 4 kinds of sintering temperature coating were (Nb， X) Si2(X was Zr， Cr and Ti)， and the transition layer was stable Nb5Si3.The coating was oxidized at a high temperature of 1 600 ℃for 2 h，the oxidation reaction mainly occurred in the loose layer on the surface，and the elements such as Si， Zr， Ti， Cr were selectively oxidized.ZrO2 was dispersed in the SiO2 glass film as "oxide nails"，and the coating exhibited good high temperature oxidation resistance.The high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating at the sintering temperature of 1 350 ℃was the best.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the capacity for hypertension prevention and control and to identify strengths, shortcomings and key control points of the capacity-building in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China.MethodsPolicy documents, information reports, and research literature on hypertension prevention and control in 31 PLADs of China published from January 1995 through December 2019 were systemically collected via searching relevant websites and statistical yearbooks for evaluating on hypertension prevention and control capacity across the 31 PLADs according to the standards for appropriate public health system. Normative gap analysis was used to explore strengths and shortcomings of the capacity-building and multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis were used to clarify key control points of the capacity-building. ResultsThe average index for the appropriateness of hypertension prevention and control capacity-building was 47.10% among 31 PLADs of China in 2019, and the average annual increasing rate of the capacity-building was 18.75% from 2000 to 2019, showing a significant upward trend (Z = 6.067, P < 0.001). The strengths of hypertension prevention and control capacity-building for the PLADs include more complete organizational structure established, comprehensive coverage of medium- and long-term plans, and sound management and monitoring mechanisms; while the shortcomings are insufficient allocation of human and financial resources and low implementation of multi-dimensional management mechanisms such as management and coordination, medium- and long-term goals and evaluation criteria. The identified key control points for the five aspects in hypertension prevention and control capacity-building are effective motivation of personnel for resource allocation, the coordination for organizational framework, the coverage of incentive measures for management mechanism, practicable assessment criteria for management process evaluation, and the balance between supply and demand of medical service for service offering, with the estimated increment of 23.14%, 66.40%, 15.77%, 23.43% and 7.06%, respectively, in the indexes for the appropriateness of the capacity-building under the conditions of the five key control points being well managed. ConclusionThe capacity for hypertension prevention and control has been improved continuously in 31 PLADs of China during 2000 – 2019 but several aspects in hypertension prevention and control capacity-building still need to be improved for the promotion of the capacity-building.

The Nb-Mo-Ta-W series refractory high-entropy alloys with composition recombination design were manufactured by laser metal deposition process. The phase structure, defects and microstructure of（NbMoTa）90W10 and（NbMoTaTi）90W10 high-entropy alloys were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The tensile properties of the two alloys were tested at room temperature by multifunctional mechanical testing machine. The results showed that both（NbMoTa）90W10 and（NbMoTaTi）90W10 high-entropy alloys are single-phase body centered cubic structures. Ti element forms a "liquid film" at the grain boundaries in Nb-Mo-Ta-W series alloy, which can effectively suppress intergranular cracks. Due to the reduction of metallurgical defects and the lattice distortion effect, the mechanical property of（NbMoTaTi）90W10 high-entropy alloy at room temperature is improved, and the yield strength reaches 1156 MPa.

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of arterial stenosis caused by the imbalance of lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaques clustered on the arterial wall. It is the main pathological process of vascular diseases， such as stroke and coronary heart disease， etc. Atherosclerotic diseases yield high disability and death rates. Recent relevant studies have reported that ADAMTS9 is closely correlated with vascular pathophysiological processes. ADAMTS9 can degrade and assemble extracellular matrix， enhance vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration， provoke pro-inflammatory response， promote intimal thickening， accelerate plaque rupture， and exert anti-angiogenesis effect. In this article， the role and mechanism of ADAMTS9 in the incidence and development of atherosclerosis were mainly summarized.

The existing technologies are difficult to identify the airborne software faults and the corresponding causes, and thus cannot be applied in the development process of the airborne software, so the airborne software fault modeling and analysis technique based on the system architecture and operation diagram are proposed. Firstly,the airborne software fault identification approach based on the function failure analysis is proposed, which can be used to identify the airborne software faults caused by the interface data, time constraint and so on. And, the fault hierarchy modeling approach based on the static system architecture and the fault logic relationship modeling approach based on the dynamic operation diagram are constructed respectively, which can be used for constructing the software fault tree effectively. Then, the software fault reason analysis and safety requirement development strategy based on the software requirement and criteria is proposed. Finally, the engineering application of the airborne brake control software is conducted. The results show that the proposed airborne fault modeling and analysis technique is feasible, and consistent with the standard requirement, which is suitable for constructing the V& V loop of the airborne software fault analysis and validation.

In order to analyze and study the causes of thermowell fracture and make scientific and reasonable selection of thermowell type，the comprehensive failure analysis of thermowell fracture was carried out by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy spectrometer，Xray diffractometer and other surface analysis methods，and the vibration of the casing was simulated and calculated.Results showed that corrosion product film was formed on the fracture surface of thermowell，and fatigue striation was observed.From the calculation results，it could be found that the vibration frequency of the thermowell under the action of steam exceeded its own natural frequency，and far exceeded the safety coefficient.Furthermore，the comprehensive analysis showed that the corrosion fatigue and other main causes under the comprehensive actions of variable working conditions led to the environment sensitive fracture of thermowell.

为对油脂精炼脱色加工提供参考，以活性白土、凹凸棒土以及二者复配作为脱色剂对大豆中和油进行脱色，测定脱色油的酸值、色泽，并通过返酸返色试验探究脱色吸附剂对大豆脱色油返酸返色的影响。结果表明：脱色油酸值与活性白土添加量和复配脱色剂中活性白土质量分数呈正相关，与凹凸棒土添加量呈负相关；脱色剂添加量越多，脱色效果越明显，但在活性白土或凹凸棒土添加量超过3%时，脱色效果增加较少；随活性白土或凹凸棒土添加量的增多，脱色油返酸总体呈先降后升趋势；脱色油会有不同程度的返色，与活性白土相比，凹凸棒土脱色返色程度更高。综上，在脱色过程中，通过调整脱色剂添加量和配比可在一定程度上控制成品油的返酸返色程度。 In order to provide a reference for the oil bleaching process, the neutralized soybean oil was bleached with activated bentonite, attapulgite and their combination, and the acid value and colour of the bleached oil were determined. The effects of bleaching agents on the acid reversion and colour reversion of the bleached oil were analyzed by acid reversion test and colour reversion test. The results showed that the acid value of the bleached oil was positively correlated with the amount of activated bentonite added and the mass fraction of activated bentonite in the compound bleaching agent, and negatively correlated with the amount of attapulgite added. The more the bleaching agent was added, the more obvious the bleaching effect was, but when the dosage of activated bentonite or attapulgite added exceeded 3%, the bleaching effect increased less. As the dosage of activated bentonite or attapulgite added increased, the acid reversion of the bleached oil generally tended to decrease first and then increase. The bleached oil had different degrees of colour reversion, and compared with activated bentonite, the degree of colour reversion was higher with attapulgite. In conculsion, in the oil bleaching process, the degree of acid and colour reversion of the finished oil can be controlled to a certain extent by adjusting the dosage and ratio of bleaching agent added.

In order to improve the hydrophobicity of tapioca starch, and used it as a granular emulsifier to improve the emulsification properties of myofibrillar protein (MP). In this study, a hydrophobic modification of native tapioca starch (NTS) by octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA), which produced ocentyl succinic tapioca starch (OSTS) with different modification levels and degrees of substitution (DS), and the compound emulsions were prepared using OSTS and MP. The structural changes of the OSTS were analyzed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and PLM, and the emulsion index (EI), emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), Zeta-potential, particle size distribution, sulfhydryl content, and interface protein content of the emulsions were determined. The results showed that the hydrophobic groups were successfully introduced in the tapioca starch molecules, and the hydrophobic modification treatment had basically no effect on the crystal structure type of the tapioca starch particles. The EAI and ESI of the OSTS-MP compound emulsions improved significantly (P

ObjectiveTo explore the mediating effect of rumination on the relationship between insomnia and suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorder， so as to provide guidance for the preventions of suicidal ideation.MethodsA total of 302 adolescents with major depressive disorder in Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of Deyang People's Hospital from January to December 2020 and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） clinical significance criterion for depressive disorder were enrolled. All individuals were assessed using Insomnia Severity Index （ISI）， Ruminative Response Scale （RRS） and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation （PANSI）. Then the mediating effect of rumination in the relation between insomnia and suicidal ideation in adolescents with major depression disorder was analyzed using Process v3.2 model 4， and testified with the bias-corrected non-parametric percentile Bootstrap method.ResultsISI scores in adolescents with major depression disorder were positively correlated with PANSI score （r=0.400， P

Aiming at the deformation of thin plate gears, the main reasons are analyzed as follows: large residual stress after machining, large thermal stress and structural stress during heat treatment, effects of grinding heat, poor rigidity of parts during grinding, large flatness error of locating surface, unreasonable arrangement of finishing process and unstable clamping. Combined with the actual processing, several improvement measures are put forward, such as optimizing the structure of heat treated parts, reducing the influence of machining residual stress, reducing the flatness error of locating surface, optimizing the finishing process and improving clamping stability. It is verified that these improvement measures have positive impact and ensure the accuracy of parts, which provides technical reference for similar thin plate gear parts.