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Background In the field of cardiovascular risk assessment, aortic stiffness is considered a key predictive indicator, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is recognized as the gold standard for non-invasive assessment of atherosclerotic risk in the aorta. Due to challenges such as technical difficulty, cfPWV testing has not been widely implemented in China. Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a screening model for early atherosclerotic risk in the aorta based on cardiovascular risk factors, with the intention of replacing the complex measurement process of cfPWV and reducing reliance on traditional measurement methods. Methods A total of 878 participants recruited from the Health Checkup Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between May and November 2023 were selected as research subjects, randomly divided into a model-building group (n=703) and a validation group (n=175) in an 8∶2 ratio. Patient general information, laboratory test results, and cfPWV were collected. Based on the cfPWV examination results and relevant guidelines, participants in the model-building group were divided into those without atherosclerotic risk in the aorta (n=503) and those with atherosclerotic risk in the aorta (n=200). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis was used to screen variables and establish a nomogram assessment model. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) for predicting the risk of atherosclerosis in the aorta was plotted for the model, and the model's discriminative ability and calibration were assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, respectively. The Delong test was used to compare the AUCs of different models, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical utility of the model. Internal validation of the model was performed using the bootstrap method with 1 000 resampling iterations. Results Participants with atherosclerotic risk in the model-building group were older, had higher BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), urea, fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hemoglobin (Hb), and a higher proportion of alcohol consumption, dyslipidemia, and diabetes than those without atherosclerotic risk in the aorta. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and platelet count (PLT) were lower in those with atherosclerotic risk (P0.05). A nomogram model was constructed using age, MAP, FBG, and Hb as predictive factors, with an AUC of 0.941 (95%CI=0.920-0.962) for the training set, sensitivity of 0.832, and specificity of 0.917. The AUC for the validation set was 0.961 (95%CI=0.914-1.000), with sensitivity of 0.872 and specificity of 0.964. DCA results indicated that the use of the early atherosclerosis screening model could benefit participants in clinical practice. Conclusion Based on four simple indexes of age, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose, a screening model for early aortic sclerosis risk was established, which provides a convenient and efficient method for early vascular function screening.

Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats with myocardial injury induced by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Methods A total of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, CBDL group, and Cx43 inhibitor group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the sham-operation group were given isolation of the common bile duct, those in the CBDL group were given isolation, ligation, and cutting of the common bile duct, and those in the Cx43 inhibitor group were given a single injection of 25 mg/kg Gap 26 via the caudal vein at 24 h before surgery, followed by the isolation, ligation, and cutting of the common bile duct. The rats in all three groups were reared to day 14 after surgery, and echocardiography was used to evaluate ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and heart rate (HR); the three groups were measured in terms of serum total bilirubin (TBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA); HE staining and Masson staining were performed for heart tissues samples collected from the three groups; Western blotting was used to measure the levels of Cx43, Wnt 3α, and β-catenin in heart tissue. Results Echocardiography showed that the CBDL group and the Cx43 inhibitor group had significantly lower cardiac EF, FS, and HR than the sham-operation group (F=22.95-43.55,t=5.10-9.32,P

Graphene betavoltaic isotope battery is one of the applications of graphene in semiconductor and microelectronics. Among them，the modification of graphene is an important research content to improve the application of graphene in these fields. In this study，we compared the effect of nitric acid doping and electron beam irradiation on the output performance of graphene betavoltaic isotope batteries. At the same time，the mechanism of two different methods on the modification of graphene materials was studied by means of light microscope，XPS and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the nitric acid doping was a surface charge transfer process，which can not change the sp2 hybrid carbon atoms in graphene into sp3 hybrid，but can improve the short-circuit current of graphene betavoltaic isotope batteries. While the electron beam irradiation of graphene will introduce defects in graphene，and transform sp2 hybrid carbon atoms in graphene into sp3 hybrids，thus opening the band gap of graphene and improving the open circuit voltage and filling factor of graphene betavoltaic isotope batteries. The above results can provide experimental theoretical basis for the design and preparation of graphene betavoltaic isotope batteries，and provide reference for further improving the performance of graphene betavoltaic isotope batteries.

Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. polysaccharide (ASKP) is a novel plant polysaccharide. In this study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) consisting of gelatin (Gel) as the dispersed phase and ASKP 60P (a high-molecular-mass fraction of ASKP) as the continuous phase was constructed based on the thermodynamic incompatibility between 60P and Gel at a specific pH, and Gel/60P ATPS emulsion gels were obtained by introducing Fe3+ into the ATPS in order to induce 60P cross-linking. The results showed that the ATPS, consisting of 0.1%–0.5% Gel and 0.5%–1.5% 60P (m/m), exhibited discrete phase separation. The emulsion gel with 0.6% Gel, 1.5% 60P and 60 mmol/L Fe3+ showed good gel strength and elasticity. This was attributed to the fact that the increase in Gel concentration led to a decrease in the volume proportion of the continuous phase, resulting in exposure of more Fe3+ crosslinking sites, enhancing the interaction between 60P and Fe3+, and improving the mechanical properties of emulsion gels. Therefore, this study proposes a new strategy to improve the properties of ASKP gels, which is favorable for the wide application of ASKP in the food, biological and other fields.

Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common clinical condition with a decades-long course. Long-term and personalised health management in community hospitals is the best way to prevent and treat KOA, and non-surgical treatment is an effective way to slow joint degeneration and postpone joint replacement surgery. Objective To understand the population characteristics, clinical staging and treatment modality characteristics of the population attending community hospitals for knee osteoarthritis, in order to provide a basis for optimising the treatment protocol for knee osteoarthritis at the grassroots level. Method All streets in the urban area of Beijing were randomly selected for the study using the whole cluster sampling method, and Hepingli Street in Dongcheng District, Beijing was censored for all patients who attended all community hospitals (7) belonging to the street from January to June 2022, and general information, medical history, personal history, clinical staging, K-L grading and treatment modalities were collected. Results A total of 3 615 KOA patients were included in this study, including 1 327 males (36.71%) and 2 288 females (63.29%), aged (71.8±13.3) years. There were 867 cases (23.98%) in the onset period, 2009 cases (55.57%) in the remission period and 739 cases (20.45%) in the rehabilitation period. Gender and age of patients with different clinical stages were not correlated with clinical stages (P>0.05), while BMI (K=0.235) and KL grading (K=0.406) were correlated with clinical stages (P

ObjectiveTo establish a method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the detection of six common trichothecene toxins in oats.MethodsOats were selected as the research subject in this study. Response surface design was used to optimize the QuEChERS extraction method. Additionally, a rapid and efficient strategy for sample extraction and purification was developed. Combined with UHPLC-MS/MS, six commonly co-occurring trichothecene toxins in oats were quantitatively analyzed simultaneously.ResultsThis method demonstrated good analytical performance for each analyte across the corresponding concentration ranges (r>0.99), with accuracy ranging from 87.26% to 99.64%. The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8% and 5.5%, respectively, indicating its potential for practical application. This method was used to detect mycotoxins in 12 oat samples from China, and it was found that one sample exceeded the standard limits for deoxynivalenol (DON), and the co-contamination of trichothecene toxin was prevalent.ConclusionThe risk posed by these toxins has been underestimated. Ongoing, extensive monitoring is necessary to provide contamination data to assess the consumer risk.

In order to improve the performance of complex thin wall ZL114A aluminum alloy casting， the mechanical vibration was applied to vacuum counter-pressure casting， and the effect of amplitude and frequency on Al-Si eutectic microstructure and mechanical properties of casting were systematically studied. The results indicate that the mechanical vibration can enhance the local convection of the melt. The initial solidified dendrites are broken and the Si phase is broken to form granular and short rod tissue. Meanwhile，the mechanical vibration can promote the uniform distribution of solute in solidification front and inhibit the excessive growth of the Si phase. Therefore， the Al-Si eutectic around the primary phase is induced to transform the network. The effect of amplitude and frequency on strength and plasticity are opposite. At high frequency and low amplitude， the highest tensile strength of the sample near the source of vibration is 335.6 MPa， but the elongation decreases to 1.54%. However， the tensile strength and elongation of the sample staying away from the source of vibration only reach 327.06 MPa and 1.67% because of energy wastage during vibration energy diffused at molten alloy. In addition， the performance attenuation fitting analysis shows that increasing frequency is conducive to inhibiting the wastage of vibration energy and improving the treatment effect of molten alloy which stays away from the source of vibration.

Objective To explore the enrichment conditions and main controlling factors of shale gas in the Lower Wuerhe Formation of the Permian System in the Junggar Basin, the Lower Wuerhe Formation in the Dongdaohaizi Sag was selected as the research object. Methods Based on the data of outcrop, core, well logging, well-calibrated seismic reflections and the technologies of total organic carbon (TOC) content determination, whole-rock X-ray diffraction, gas adsorption (N2, CO2), the distribution characteristics, organic matter development characteristics, reservoir characteristics, and gas bearing characteristics of the Lower Wuerhe Formation shale were studied. Results The results show that: (1) The organic matter of the Lower Wuerhe Formation shale is dominated by Ⅱ2 and Ⅲ types and shows an average TOC content of 1.58%. The average vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of organic matter is 1.46%, which indicates the mature stage. The average thickness of the source rock is 75 m. Summarily, the source rock is good and has a high gas potential. The basin simulation results show an average shale gas content of 1.89 m3/t in the Lower Wuerhe Formation. (2) The pores and microfractures in shale reservoirs are highly developed, and gas is primarily adsorbed in micropores and mesopores. The average porosity and permeability are 6.10% and 0.27×10-3 μm2 respectively, which are favourable for shale gas accumulation. (3) The shale has a high clay mineral content, with an average of 29.6%, providing a significant specific surface area and enhancing the gas adsorption capacity of the shale. Additionally, the average brittle mineral content is 50.9%, indicating good frackability. (4) Moreover, the shale reservoir exhibits a relatively large pressure coefficient of 1.58, indicating the favourable conservation conditions. The analysis of the regional tectonic-sedimentary environment and geochemical parameters indicates that the main factors controlling shale gas accumulation in the Lower Wuerhe Formation of the Dongdaohaizi Sag are geochemical parameters and preservation conditions. The key factors influencing shale gas accumulation include the high thermal evolution maturity of organic matter, large shale thickness, high TOC content, and good preservation conditions. These conditions suggest that the favourable area for shale gas exploration and development in the Dongdaohaizi Sag is located in the northeastern slope area of the sag's abdomen. Conclusion The results of this research reveal the enrichment conditions and main controlling factors of shale gas in the Lower Wuerhe Formation in the Dongdaohaizi Sag, which has reference value for deep oil and gas exploration in the abdominal area of the Junggar Basin.

Objective: This study aimed to optimize the process conditions for the large-scale production of milk-derived casein glycomacropeptide （CGMP） and explore its hemagglutination inhibition （HI） ability against influenza virus. Methods: Using anion exchange resin as the separation medium and sialic acid content the activity detection index of the product,based on the preliminary small and medium-sized tests, the large-scale production of CGMP from whey powder was investigated from five process conditions: sample volume, loading flow, eluent concentration, eluent volume, and resin service cycle. Meanwhile, a hemagglutination inhibition test was used to verify the inhibitory activity of the product CGMP against the influenza virus. Results: The optimized technical route of CGMP product is as follows: loading volume 3BV, loading flow 0.8 L/min, elution volume 1BV, eluent concentration 0.6 mol/L, and suitable use cycle of resin 4 times. Under these conditions, the volume of whey powder solution was 108 L （2 160 g） and the resin was 36 L, and 21.183 g of CGMP product was obtained, with a yield of 0.981 g/100 g, the product purity of 89.032%, the recovery rate of 51.972% and the sialic acid content of 21.503 g/100 g. The minimum inhibitory concentration of CGMP products on influenza virus A （H1N1） and influenza virus B is 1.000 0 and 1.250 0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The purity and sialic acid content of CGMP produced by the optimized technical route were better than those of commercial CGMP, and had an obvious inhibitory effect on the influenza virus.

Based on the laboratory uniaxial compression test, a numerical model was established by particle flow software and the microscopic parameters were calibrated. The stress-strain curves, the number of micro-cracks, the failure process and the change of microscopic displacement field of gangue cemented backfill samples were studied under different loading rates. The results show that the peak strength and elastic modulus of the sample increase with the increase of loading rate. The number of microcracks is proportional to the loading rate; the microcrack-strain curves can be divided into three stages: no crack initiation, rapid crack growth and stable crack number; the failure process of the sample is divided into four stages: compaction, elastic deformation, plastic failure and residual deformation; the particles on both sides of the microcrack of the sample have different forms of combined failure, including tensile failure, shear failure and mixed failure of tensile and shear action.

Since the approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD33 in 2000, 13 ADC drugs have been approved by the FDA. Although these drugs have clearly improved the survival of patients with various types of advanced cancers, their significant toxicity has compromised their therapeutic benefits. The adverse reactions of ADC drugs are complex and include on-target and off-target toxicities, where the payload drug is a determining factor. Antibody and linker may also affect the degree of toxicity. Combination therapy becomes an important strategy in anticancer treatment because of its increased efficiency, but treatment-related adverse reactions also increase accordingly. This review comprehensively analyzes the toxicity mechanisms of current ADC drugs and proposes various optimization strategies, including but not limited to optimizing linker molecules, upgrading antibody design, and changing drug administration strategies, to improve the overall safety profile of ADC drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) on the cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and migration of triple-negative breast cancer cells and its possible mechanism. MethodsMDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were divided into CIB1-knockdown(infected with CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus) and negative-control groups. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were performed to detect cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was determined through flow cytometry. Scratch and Transwell experiments were conducted to measure the migration and invasion abilities of cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), and c-myc were detected via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the negative-control group, the CIB1-knockdown group showed decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and migration (P

Off-site investment relations among enterprises often bring the flow of capital, logistics, talent, information, and technology across cities, representing a new avenue for studying the urban network. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are investigating urban networks from the perspective of firm relations. Most of these studies mainly use data from intra-firm branches or mega firms' investment to quantify the linkages among cities. However, these studies have neglected the linkages among small-sized enterprises that are often located in small and medium-sized cities, resulting in the lack of authenticity in establishing urban networks. Recently, a small amount of research has begun to use wholesale enterprises' off-site investment data to construct urban networks. However, such research has neglected the indirect linkages and transit effects on enterprise investment routes. Therefore, this study uses investment data of all-industry enterprises from the Industrial and Commercial Enterprise Registration Database to propose a new method for establishing a directed weighted urban network by identifying off-site investment routes among enterprises, which could fill the gap in constructing urban networks from the perspective of micro capital flow. To verify the evolutionary characteristics of urban network structure before and after the implementation of major policies, this study considers the Yangtze River Delta as the empirical study area. Wholesale enterprise investment data from 2006 to 2020 in the Yangtze River Delta are used to construct three urban networks in three time stages. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The growth model of the urban network scale shows that the growth of off-site investment routes drives the growth of off-site investment scale. The scale of enterprise nodes linked by off-site investment relations significantly increased from 2011 to 2015. However, after 2016, the proportion of off-site investment in the total investment of the Yangtze River Delta increased accordingly. (2) From the perspective of spatial patterns, the urban network of the study area has shifted from a polygonal network structure of interconnected core cities to a V-shaped structure centered around Shanghai, and then to a Z-shaped structure centered around Shanghai and Hangzhou. (3) In terms of network centrality, the cities exhibit a clear hierarchical structure. Although the network is evolving, the hierarchical structure has not changed significantly. However, the linkages between cities show a trend of clustering from low- to high-level cities. (4) In terms of network betweenness, the betweenness of most cities matches their centrality. Notably, the betweenness of Hefei and Wuhu is significantly stronger than their centrality. At different stages of the urban network evolution, cities with high betweenness, such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Hefei, play different intermediary roles in the network. This study constructs urban networks from a micro scale perspective of capital flow, thereby filling the gap in existing research. Additionally, unlike previous studies on urban networks that focus on static network structures, this study analyzes the structural evolution of urban networks based on long-term comprehensive data and verifies the characteristics of changes in the network structure, which has certain theoretical value and practical significance.

In post-pandemic period of COVID-19, the increase in the number of sub-healthy population, coupled with factors such as global travel, climate change, and increased contact with wildlife, may lead to a rise in the incidence of central nervous system (Central nervous system, CNS) infections by potential zoonotic pathogens, which has become one of the main reasons for the increase in adjusted life years lost due to human disability. Due to the high case fatality rate of CNS infection and the severe sequelae of the body, it is also one of the most serious global public health challenges at present. To resist pathogen invasion, hosts have constructed a series of barrier structures on their surfaces and within their bodies, including skin barrier, blood-lung barrier, blood-testis barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Among these, the BBB is a complex barrier structure composed of various cellular and non-cellular components. As a biological barrier isolating the CNS from the periphery, BBB can prevent a vast majority of harmful substances from entering the brain, thus ensuring the dynamic equilibrium of the brain's internal environment and the normal functioning of the CNS. However, through long-term evolution, pathogens have developed multiple pathways to cross the BBB and invade the CNS. Currently, five invasion pathways have been confirmed by researchers, including infection or disruption of brain endothelial cells; crossing the BBB through transcellular migration; infiltrating through the BBB as a "Trojan horse" via infected leukocytes; entering the CNS through paracellular spaces; and bypassing the BBB and entering the CNS through axonal transport from the periphery. The severity and complexity of CNS infectious diseases are influenced by the nature of the pathogen itself, the structure and function of the host BBB and the diversity of neural invasion pathways. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens utilize protein interactions, regulate BBB permeability, and invade the CNS through phagocytosis have been elucidated in detail. This has made CNS delivery of certain drugs possible and also laid a theoretical foundation for the development of entirely new CNS drug delivery systems. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the structure of the BBB and the pathways through which pathogens invade the CNS will contribute to the development of strategies to control pathogen invasion, novel brain-targeted drugs, and new delivery systems to mitigate established infections in the host CNS.

In the field of drilling in coal mine underground, drilling rate (DR) is one of the most effective indicators for assessing drilling operations. Accurate prediction of DR is a prerequisite for the realization of intelligent drilling in coal mines, which is of great significance for optimizing drilling parameters, reducing operational costs, and ensuring safe and efficient drilling. In the present research, the influence of drilling parameters on DR are investigated and the intelligent prediction methods are developed to achieve accurate DR predictions with different machine learning algorithms based on several drilling parameters, including weight on bit, rotation speed, torque, and drilling depth. Initially, micro-drilling experiments are conducted to analyze the impact of coal rock mechanical properties, weight on bit, rotation speed, and drilling depth on torque and drilling rate. The experimental results indicate that during the underground coal mining drilling process, drilling rate gradually rises with the increasing weight on bit. Under higher rotation speed conditions, the influence of weight on bit on drilling speed becomes more pronounced. Increasing the rotational speed is advantageous for improving drilling speed, but the impact of rotational speed on drilling speed is more significant in softer coal seams. Subsequently, three different machine learning algorithms, namely K–Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR), are used to build drilling rate prediction models based on on-site drilling data from underground coal mining, and the hyperparameters of those models are optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Finally, the prediction results of three drilling rate models, PSO–KNN, PSO–SVR, and PSO–RFR, are analyzed comparatively. The results show that PSO–RFR model offers the highest accuracy, with R2 of 0.963, MSE of 29.742. On the other hand, the PSO–SVR model exhibits the best robustness, with minimal changes in evaluation metrics after withstanding adversarial attacks. This study is beneficial for the realization of precise DR prediction, providing theoretical support for the optimization of intelligent drilling parameters in underground coal mining operations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of microRNA (miRNA, miR)-887-3p on the proliferation and apoptosis of rat intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells and its underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsAnnulus fibrosus tissues were obtained from 8-week-old SPF-grade SD male rats, centrifuged to prepare and identify annulus fibrosus cells. Rats in the experiment were randomly divided into four groups: a Normal group consisting of primary annulus fibrosus cells without any treatment; a Control group treated with 10 ng/mL interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for 24 hours to establish a degenerative cell model; an interference group (miR-887-3p inhibitor) transfected with miR-887-3p inhibitor using Lipo3000 based on the Control group; and an overexpression group (miR-887-3p mimics) transfected with miR-887-3p mimics using Lipo3000 based on the Control group. CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability; flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis rates; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of miR-887-3p and murine double minute 4 (MDM4) mRNA; Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of MDM4, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3.ResultsImmunofluorescence staining of isolated and cultured cells revealed a Collagen I positive rate of over 90% in rat intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus cells, indicating a cell purity level greater than 90%. Real-time fluorescence qPCR results showed that after establishing an annulus fibrosus degenerative cell model using IL-1β, the expression level of miR-887-3p significantly increased compared to the Normal group (P

Increasing the permeability via microwaves is one of the potential feasible reservoir modification technologies to improve the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction. The microwave oven is used to conduct 3 cycles of microwave modification experiments on No.15 anthracite in Jincheng area of Qinshui Basin. The gas permeability of anthracite samples before and after each modification is tested using a self-built solid-gas coupling seepage platform. The pore properties are tested by micro CT scanning combined with image processing technology. In addition, the complexity index of pore-fracture network of coal samples before and after modification is discussed based on fractal theory. The results show that the gas permeability of anthracite sample increases with the increase of cycle times, and increases by 8.8 times after 3 cycles. The expansion and connection of pores/fractures in anthracite caused by microwave radiation is the fundamental reason for the increase of gas permeability. After three cycles, the total porosity of anthracite samples increases from 3.48% to 6.19%, in which the proportion of connected pores and fractures increases from 27.0% to 77.4%, and the proportion of isolated pores decreases from 73.0% to 22.6%. The pore number, pore volume, pore surface area and throat number, throat surface area and pore-throat coordination number of connected pores/fractures increase with the increase of cycle times, while the maximum throat length decreases, which confirms the “expansion and connection” effect of microwave modification on pores/fractures in anthracite. The two-dimensional fractal dimensions of pores/fractures of three typical sections in anthracite samples increase with the increase of cycle times, and increase from 1.25, 1.16, and 1.09 to 1.46, 1.54, and 1.37 respectively after three cycles, which clarifies that the cyclical microwave modification will make the pore-fracture network （gas seepage channel） in coal samples more complex.

Slope stability control is crucial for safe and efficient coal mining in open-pit mines with soft rock. To address the challenge of stabilizing dip soft rock slope rock slopes, the treatment engineering of inner row tracking pressure side of dip soft rock slope in open-pit mine is proposed based on the analysis of the main controlling factors of slope stability. This study takes the south side of the first mining area of Hesigewula south open-pit coal mine as the engineering background and proposes a synergistic treatment scheme for the slope stability of the stope and inner dump, utilizing the combination of limit equilibrium method and numerical simulation to design the spatial form of the stope slope. This treatment scheme maximizes the safe recovery of the coal resources covered by the slope. The research results indicate that the length of exposed weak layer is the primary controlling factor of the stability in inclined soft rock slopes in open-pit mines. Controlling the tracking distance between the stope and the inner dump is an effective way to improve slope stability. With an increase in tracking distance, the slope damage mode transitions from the cut-layer-sublayer-shear-out sliding with an arc as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface to cut-layer-sublayer sliding with an arc as the side interface and weak layer as the bottom interface, leading to a gradual decrease in slope stability. Moreover, the stability of the inner dump and its composite slope with the stope increases exponentially with an increase in the backfill rock range of the weak layer of the failure floor. The study sets the shallow slope of the south slope of the first mining area of Hesigewula coal mine to be 40 m transportation flat and 15 m security flat, and the deep slope angle of the bottom slope is 29°. When the tracking distance is controlled within 50 m, it can meet the safety requirements. When the weak layer of the inner dump base is destroyed, and the inclined length of the backfill rock is 60 m, it can also meet the safety requirements. The study provides new insights into slope stability control in soft rock open-pit coal mines.

BackgroundCoal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a serious occupational lung disease and one of the prescript occupational diseases in China. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue of pneumoconiosis patients, and its mechanism may be related to the polarization of macrophages regulated by let-7c.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of let-7c on the regulation of macrophage polarization in EMT in rats induced by coal dust exposure with different content of free SiO2.MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a 5% SiO2 group, a 30% SiO2 group, and a 99.9% SiO2 group, with 16 rats in each group. The rats in each group were tracheally titrated with 100 μL of 20 mg·mL−1 suspension (5% SiO2, 30% SiO2, and 99.9% SiO2) or normal saline, respectively. Alveolar lavage fluid was collected at the ends of the 1st month and the 3rd month. The relative expression levels of M1 or M2 markers, CD86 or CD206, in alveolar macrophages (AMs) were detected by immunofluorescence. The inflammation and fibrosis of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin were detected by Western blotting. The expression levels of let-7c and c/EBP-δ genes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.ResultsThe HE and Masson staining results showed that compared with the control group, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in the 5% SiO2 group, the 30% SiO2 group, and the 99.9% SiO2 group gradually increased with the increase of dust exposure time. Compared with the control group, the expressions of CD86 and CD206 in the 5% SiO2 group, the 30% SiO2 group, and the 99.9% SiO2 group gradually increased at the end of the 1st month (F=330.904, 146.801, P

Non-intrusive load monitoring （NILM） not only makes the flow of electric energy transparent but also simplifies the installation process of smart meters， effectively reducing the cost of load monitoring. To enhance the accuracy of load recognition in NILM， a method for load recognition based on data augmentation and threshold-free recurrence plot （RP） is proposed. a denoising diffusion probability model （DDPM） is utilized to augment the load data of small samples to enhance the robustness of the load recognition method. Furthermore， a threshold-free RP， achieved by removing the Heaviside function of the recurrence graph， efficiently represents load characteristics. This is combined with a Transformer deep learning network to construct a load recognition framework. The proposed method is applied to three real-world datasets， and experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness in improving load recognition accuracy and enhancing classification performance.

This is an article in the field of mineral processing engineering. Copper is an important non-ferrous metal resource. With the increasing reduction of easily processed copper sulfide, the development and utilization of copper oxide is an important content of research in the mining field. Flotation is the main method to treat copper oxide. This paper summarizes the relevant research progress of copper oxide flotation in recent years, details the development status of direct flotation, sulfide flotation and other flotation methods, analyzes the flotation reagents, and discusses the future development direction of copper oxide flotation, aiming to provide an important theoretical basis for efficient separation of copper oxide.

The complete intestinal structure is important to ensure the rapid and h ealthy growth of fish. However, the feed composition, aquaculture water environment, intestinal microbial population, and other factors may affect the intestinal health of fish. Intestinal health problems caused by feed ingredients are mainly due to the antinutrient factors contained in raw materials. Antinutritional factors contained in high-level soybean meal can cause oxidative damage to the intestine, thus, inducing soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE), which leads to a decreased appetite and the slow growth of fish. Alleviating the damage of soybean meal to the fish intestinal tract and improving intestinal health through nutrition are essential methods for ensuring the sustainable development of the feed industry, which has significant ecological and economic significance.As a functional amino acid, arginine is a precursor to the synthesis of bioactive substances, such as urea, glutamic acid, creatine, proline, polyamine, and nitric oxide. Arginine modulates metabolic regulation, including growth, immunity, intestinal barrier, and endocrine regulation. It plays a vital role in the immune regulation, maintenance, and protection of the intestinal mucosal structure and function. It has been reported that arginine is beneficial for repairing intestinal mucosal injury in poultry and aquatic animals. In this study, the carnivorous marine economic fish Sebastes schlegelii (54.97±0.12) g were used to investigate the repair effect and mechanism of arginine on SBMIE. This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for the application of arginine for maintaining the intestinal health of fish and provide a reference for the application of plant protein to the compound feed of the carnivorous economic fish S. schlegelii.The purpose of this study was to investigate the repairing effects of arginine on the growth performance, arginine metabolism, intestinal structure, antioxidant performance, relative expression levels of intestinal tight junction protein genes (occludin, clnd15, and zo-1), and inflammatory factor-related genes (il-1β, il-8, il-15, and tlr8) and anti-inflammatory factor-related gene (il-12b) of S. schlegelii with SBMIE. S. schlegelii were fed high-level soybean meal (40%) for 28 days to induce SBMIE. SBMIE-S. schlegelii weighing (54.97±0.12) g were used as the study animals. Four isonitrogen and isoenergetic experimental feeds were formulated. The basic formula was supplemented with 30% soybean meal, arginine 0 supplementation as the control group (D0), and 1%, 2%, and 3% arginine supplementation as the treatment groups, named D1, D2, and D3, respectively. Each diet group had three replicates, and each replicate consisted of 40 fish. The fish were randomly placed in 12 homemade cages (60 cm × 60 cm × 90 cm). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The experimental fish were fed twice a day (08:00 and 17:00), with the initial feeding amount being 1% of the body weight, and the feeding amount being adjusted according to the feeding situation. During the experiment, the bottom of the cages was cleaned, and the water was changed every day to maintain the water temperature at 18~22 ℃, the dissolved oxygen at > 6 mg/L, the pH at 7.6~8.2, the ammonia nitrogen content at < 0.05 mg/L, and the nitrite nitrogen content at < 0.05 mg/L. The light cycle was the natural cycle. The results showed that the weight gain rate of the fish in the D2 and D3 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes of the fish in the arginine treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the D0 group, and the condition factor was significantly higher than that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). There was no significant effect on the survival rate (P > 0.05). Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, NO content, and iNOS activity values in the serum of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The serum T-NOS activity in the D2 and D3 groups was significantly lower than that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The duplicature height in the treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the D0 group, while no significant difference was found in the duplicature number and muscle thickness (P > 0.05). In group D0, the intestinal mucosa lamina propria widened, and the number of goblet cells increased, while in groups supplemented with arginine, the intestinal mucosa was intact, and the problems mentioned above improved significantly. Intestinal total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in arginine supplementation groups was significantly increased, and the highest value was found in group D2 (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content in groups D2 and D3 was decreased significantly compared to that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The relative expression of occludin mRNA in each treatment group was significantly upregulated compared to that in the D0 group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of clnd15 mRNA in the D2 group was significantly higher than that in the D0 and D1 groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of zo-1 mRNA in group D1 was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of IL-1β, IL-15, and TLR8 mRNA were downregulated in all treatment groups, while the relative expression of IL-12b mRNA was upregulated (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in IL-8 mRNA relative expression (P > 0.05). In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the growth and antioxidant performances of S. schlegelii with SBMIE were significantly increased, arginine metabolism and the intestinal structure were improved significantly, and the relative expression of intestinal tight junction protein and anti-inflammatory factor-related genes was upregulated, while that of inflammatory factor-related genes was downregulated, with arginine supplementation in a high-level soybean meal diet. Arginine (2% best) was effective in repairing SBMIE of S. schlegelii. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of repairing SBMIE with arginine.

植物油料油脂加工的主要内容包括油脂及蛋白的初加工和深加工技术、综合利用技术、工程装备技术及品质控制技术等,概述了我国植物油料油脂加工技术新进展。我国已初步建立起基于营养和安全为评价标准的食用植物油精准适度加工体系；突破了零反式脂肪酸专用油脂生产技术，能满足各种食品加工场景需求；功能油脂制备技术成果渐次落地，推动产业进入蓬勃发展期，多款结构脂产品进入量产，跨国公司垄断局面得以改变；新油源开发方兴未艾；植物蛋白结构功效关系基础研究促进了植物基产品开发；油料油脂综合利用规模扩大；食用油安全防控技术、绿色储油技术研究不断深入；大型浸出器和浓缩蛋白制取装备的设计和制造水平达到国际先进水平；智能化工厂建设支撑我国油料油脂加工各项经济技术指标处于世界领先地位。The vegetable oilseeds and oils processing includes primary processing and deep processing technology of oils and protein, comprehensive utilization technology, engineering equipment technology and quality control technology, etc.An overview of the new advances in vegetable oilseeds and oils processing technology in China was summarized. Firstly, an accurate and moderate processing system for edible vegetable oils based on nutritional safety indicators has been basically established, and the production technology of edible oils with zero-trans fatty acid has also broken through, which can meet the needs of various food processing. Additionally, the technological achievements in the preparation of functional oils have gradually implemented, promoting the industry to enter a period of vigorous development. Mass production of multiple structural lipids products have also begun, which has busted the monopoly of multinational corporations. Moreover, the development of new oil sources is flourishing. Basic research on the structure efficacy relationship of plant proteins has promoted the development of plant-based products, the scale of comprehensive utilization of oilseeds and oils has expanded, and the researches on edible oils prevention and control technology, as soon as green oil storage technology has continuously gone on. Finally, the design and manufacturing level of large-scale equipment for extracting extractors and protein concentrate has reached international advanced level, and various economic and technical indicators of oilseeds and oils and fats processing has reached the leading level in the world, supported by the construction of intelligent factory.

Objective To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site. Methods Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups. Results The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (PP>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05). Conclusion Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.

Ziziphus jujuba is a commonly used medicinal and edible plant in China. Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide is one of the main active component of Ziziphus jujuba, and has been confirmed by pharmacological studies with a variety of biological activities. The research on the structure of Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide is mostly focused on modification method, monosaccharide constitutes, molecular weight and glycosidic bond type. Extensive studies have shown that Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide exert multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, bacterial abundance regulation, immune regulation, anti-cancer and anticoagulant. Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide can be used in anti-oxidation film, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, sugar replacement, lipid-lowering products, bacteriostatic agent, immunomodulators, anti-cancer nutrition food and other products. Based on these findings, this article summarizes and prospects, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further explore the structure of Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharides, standardize the preparation and extraction process of Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharides, clarify the biological activity mechanism of Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharides, and increase the diversity of Ziziphus jujuba polysaccharide products.

The network topology is marked with the device type, which is difficult to reflect the service relationship between the device nodes. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a network service node division algorithm based on service mapping. The algorithm judges the ownership of the service community through the service mapping relationship between network nodes, and finds the key nodes of network services and the subordinate relationship between nodes. This paper introduces virtual community based on traditional membership matrix. The network service community membership influence degree algorithm not only give the community membership degree of nodes, but also reflect the global influence degree of nodes, providing a basis for the selection of key network nodes in network security. In the experiment based on LFR network, this paper compares the algorithm sensitivity and performance with similar algorithms, and validates the effectiveness of algorithm partitioning in the Internet2 OS3E simulation experiment by simulating denial of service attacks. The comparative experimental results show that the service mapping algorithm has the characteristics of low sensitivity and high practicability in threshold selection, and its performance is better than that of similar algorithms. The simulation results show that the service community partition is effective and can give the correlation between node services.

[ Objective ] Cadmium pollution in farmland soil poses a serious threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products. To explore the characteristics of cadmium accumulation , distribution , and transport in various organs of wheat and oat under different conditions of reduced chemical fertilizer and organic fer- tilizer application is of great importance in guiding appropriate fertilizer application on crops and ensuring the safety of agricultural products. [ Methods ] Based on a 20% reduction in fertilizer application , four fer- tilization treatments were set up : Stable fertilizer 30 000 kg / hm 2 ( AM ), bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg / hm 2 ( BF ), stable fertilizer 30 000 kg / hm 2 +bioorganic fertilizer 600 kg / hm 2 ( AM+BF ), and normal fertilizer application ( CK ) . The effects of the above four different organic fertilizer treatments on cadmium accumu- lation , distribution , and transport in wheat and oat were studied. [ Results ] ( 1 ) Compared with CK , dif- ferent organic fertilizer combinations increased the biomass of wheat and oat by 6.78%-11.00%. At the same time , it reduced the overall cadmium content in various organs , with a decrease of 11.76%-47.06% in grain cadmium content. ( 2 ) The combined application of various organic fertilizers resulted in an overall decrease in the cadmium enrichment coefficient of various organs , with a decrease of 0-38.46% in the grain enrichment coefficient. The transport coefficients of cadmium from roots , stems , leaves , and pani- cles to grains were decreased by 16.67%-42.86% , 15.79%-42.03% , 0-56.10% , and 6.82% - 22.06% , respectively in BF and AM+BF treatments. ( 3 ) The decrease in stem cadmium content after oat filling period was accompanied by an increase in grain cadmium content. The transfer amount , transfer rate , and contribution rate of cadmium from various organs to grains in oats after heading stage were the highest in the stem. [ Conclusion ] Reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertil- izers could reduce cadmium content , enrichment coefficient , and transport coefficient in crop grains , and the cadmium reduction effect on oat grains was better than that on wheat. The cadmium transported from the stem after the heading stage of oats was the main source of grain cadmium accumulation.

CO2 geological storage is a guaranteed technology for achieving carbon neutrality. The offshore deposit basin is far away from the human activity area, and the implementation of a CO2 geological storage is more advantageous than the land sedimentary basin. To find out the CO2 storage potential in the Weixinan sag of the Beibu Gulf Basin, based on the 8 indicators such as caprock burial depth, the maximum thickness of single layer mudstone, mud-soil ratio, fault density and reservoir porosity, formation thickness, sand-soil ratio, permeability, etc., it has established a reservoir evaluation system for the secondary structure unit of the basin. Combined with the core physical property data of lays and 3D geological models, the reservoir and caprock of the Weixinan sag are optimized, and the effective storage potential is evaluated with the US-DOE method. The results show that within 800−3000 meters below the sea floor, in the Weixinan sag, there are two sets of reservoir-cap combinations suitable for CO2 storage. Combination 1: in Neogene, the neritic mudstone of the first member of the Jiaowei Formation is the cap rock, and the neritic sandstone of the second member of the Jiaowei Formation and the Xiayang Formation is the reservoir, and the effective storage capacity is 0.749 billion tons. Combination 2: in the Paleogene, the deep lake mudstone in the second member of the Weizhou Formation is the cap rock, and the sandstone in the third member of the Weizhou Formation is the reservoir, and the effective storage capacity is 0.374 billion tons. In the Weixinan sag, two sets of reservoir-cap assemblages suitable for CO2 storage in the saline aquifers are selected, with an effective storage capacity of 1.123 billion tons. According to the evaluation of the annual CO2 emission of 70 million tons in the west of Guangdong Province, it can meet the CO2 emission reduction needs of the region for more than 16 years. Offshore geological storage is a potential path for the green and sustainable development of coastal heavy chemical clustering areas and to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.

Objective·To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors based on the Shanghai community elderly cohort.Methods·The study subjects were selected from the Shanghai community elderly cohort established from February to August 2019, with a total of 17 948 people. The study subjects were divided into 4 groups according to self-reported presence or absence of tumors and/or cardiovascular diseases during the baseline survey: tumor-free and non-cardiovascular disease group, single cardiovascular disease group, single tumor group and tumor cardiovascular disease co-occurrence group. The differences among the four groups of subjects were collected and compared in terms of demographic characteristics and physiological indicators, daily living habits (smoking, drinking tea, drinking coffee, drinking carbonated drink, drinking alcohol, sedentary time, physical activity level and sleep quality), past medical history, psychological status (depression and anxiety) and dietary compliance.Results·Among the study subjects, 60.1% of tumor patients were complicated with cardiovascular diseases. The differences among the four groups of subjects in age, gender, educational level, pre-retirement occupation, waist circumference, hip circumference and body mass index were statistically significant (all P

BackgroundIn the Global Burden of Disease research, it has been found that atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution significantly harms human health. Currently, there is limited research on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) that exhibit high toxicity effects in PM2.5 . ObjectiveBy studying the spatiotemporal distribution and variation characteristics of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 in Pudong area of Shanghai, to assess the associated population health risk. MethodsThis study set up 28 sampling points in Pudong area. One sample of PM2.5 was collected during winter (February 2022) and summer (July 2022) at each site, with a sampling period lasting 24 h. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured by membrane filter method, and the content of 17 kinds of 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated PCDD/Fs in the samples was analyzed using isotope dilution. Seasonal variations (winter and summer) in the concentrations of PM2.5 and PCDD/Fs were evaluated, sources of PCDD/Fs pollution were tracing by principal component analysis, and health risks to the population from respiratory exposure to PCDD/Fs were estimated by VLIER-HUMAAN model. ResultsThe PM2.5 concentrations in the 28 samples ranged from 10 to 126 μg·m−3, while the concentrations of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 ranged from 58 to 2625 fg·m−3. The concentration of PM2.5 during winter (11-126 μg·m−3) was higher than that during summer (10-60 μg·m−3). The concentration range of PCDD/Fs in winter was from 58 to 2625 fg·m−3, which corresponded to a range of toxic equivalent quantity (WHO-TEQ) concentration from 2.99 to 40.97 fg·m−3 when taking World Health Organization's toxic equivalency factor (WHO-TEQ); the concentration range of PCDD/Fs in summer was from 72 to 446 fg·m−3, which corresponded to a range of WHO-TEQ concentration from 2.66 to 16.61 fg·m−3. This range in summer was significantly lower than that observed in winter. The results of principal component analysis revealed that waste incineration was the primary source of PCDD/Fs in winter PM2.5 in the area, whereas traffic emissions emerged as the main source in summer. The assessment of Pudong residents' respiratory exposure to PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 showed significantly higher exposure of children in summer and winter than that of adults, indicating higher susceptibility of children to air pollutants. Both the hazard ratios (HR) for children and adults were below 1, while the cancer risks (CR) ranged from 8.41×10−8 to 2.35×10−6. Notably, during winter, the CR at 4 locations slightly exceeds 1×10−6, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk. ConclusionThe overall pollution level of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 in Pudong area is relatively low, but it shows clear seasonal patterns. Waste incineration and traffic are the main sources of PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 in the area. Although the cancer risk of exposure to PCDD/Fs in PM2.5 for children or adults is relatively low, there is a certain risk at some locations in winter, necessitating additional monitoring and control.

According to the global cancer statistics in 2022 updated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were nearly 20 million new cases of cancer and 9.7 million deaths. Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer, accounting for nearly 2.5 million new cases (12.4% of all global cancers), followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), colorectal cancer (9.6%), prostate cancer (7.3%), and stomach cancer (4.9%). Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), followed by colorectal cancer (9.3%), liver cancer (7.8%), female breast cancer (6.9%), and stomach cancer (6.8%). Population-based projections suggest that the number of new cancer cases will reach 35 million by 2050. Increasing the investment in prevention and control measures targeting key cancer risk factors, including smoking, obesity, and infections, could save many lives globally and bring significant economic and social returns to countries in the coming decades.

10Cr13Co13Mo5Ni3W1VE (S280) martensitic ultra-high-strength stainless steel under aging at 200, 400, and 500 ℃ was used as the research object. Through XRD, TEM, EBSD and other test methods, combined with electrochemical test methods and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests, the microstructure evolution of S280 and the structural composition and corrosion resistance of the passivation film were analyzed. The relationship between the stability characteristics of the passivation film and the microstructure of the material was studied.The results show that S280 steel aged at 500 ℃ has fine and dispersed precipitates with rich Cr and Mo elements distributed in martensite laths. As the aging temperature increases, there is no obvious precipitation of retained austenite and reverse transformed austenite.At the potential (0.1-0.85 V) of forming a passivation film, the S280 passivation film is a p-type semiconductor in a pH=8.5 borate buffer solution, having a double-layer film structure.The outer layer is composed of loose and porous Fe/Cr hydroxide, and the inner layer is composed of dense Cr/Fe oxide whose composition is mainly Cr2O3.The electrochemical impedance test combined with Mott-Schottky analysis proves that S280 steel aged at 200 ℃ has the best corrosion resistance. Its corrosion resistance is affected by the grain boundary characteristics and the element segregation caused by the precipitated phase.

Objective To explore the feasibility of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) in shortening the scanning time through water phantom experiments. Methods The control variable method based on phantom, was adopted to depict the curves of scanning time varying with the number of excitation (NEX) ，matrix，and resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subjective image quality of different DLR with high, medium and low noise reduction levels (DLR_H, DLR_M, DLR_L) and traditional reconstruction (ConR) were analyzed, including the four-point assessment of sharpness and detail clarity, and distortion degree, and the curves of changes were depicted and the fitting curves were calculated. Results The positive correlation between NEX and resolution with MRI scanning time and SNR was consistent in ConR and DLR reconstructions with different noise reduction levels. Specifically, under the same NEX and resolution conditions, the SNR of ConR, DLR_L, DLR_M, and DLR_H increased sequentially. When the matrix was fixed at 512×512 while images with subjective evaluation score of 3 or 4 were taken as satisfactory ones, the images reconstructed by DLR can obtain satisfactory sharpness, distortion degree and detail display, and when NEX were 3, 4, 5 and 7 and 11, image details were displayed best while scanning time was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the distortion of images achieved satisfactory results with NEX of 2, 4, 5, and 6. Also, satisfactory detail display was obtained when NEX was 3, 5, 7 and 11. All the above combinations of NEX and resolution saved scanning time from 31 to 244 seconds. Similarly, as the resolution increased, the image scores of the sharpness and detail display gradually increased and. distortion degree decreased. When NEX was fixed at 6, the images reconstructed by DLR_H, DLR_M, DLR_L and ConR obtained satisfactory sharpness ；When the matrix was 320×320, 384×384, 448×448 and 640×640,, the scanning time was 141 seconds, 141 seconds, 187 seconds and 232 seconds, respectively. DLR_H and DLR_M achieved a smaller distortion degree at the 512×512 matrix, while DLR_L and ConR required a higher imaging matrix and longer scanning time to obtain similar image quality. For detail clarity, DLR_H achieved satisfactory detail display when the matrix was 512×512, and the scanning time was less than that of DLR_M, DLR_L and ConR. Conclusions DLR, especially DLR_H, while reducing NEX and resolution to shorten the MRI scanning time, may not only maintain a satisfactory SNR and image detail clarity, but also achieve higher image clarity and lower distortion degree.

In recent years, to liberate coal resources from high pressure limestone water on the coal seam floor, North China Coalfields have generally adopted surface directional drilling technology to carry out regional grouting reinforcement and transformation (commonly known as “floor regional treatment”) on the thin-layer limestone of the Taiyuan Formation in order to comprehensively seal karst cracks in limestone and block vertical guide water channels. In this technology, the design of the spacing between “horizontal branching holes” closely related to the diffusion range (radius) of the slurry has been widely studied by academia and industry. There is a large amount of grouting work in the bottom plate area of the Anhui North mining area, especially in the mining of deep resources, which will cost billions of yuan. It is necessary to verify the true data of the diffusion range of the grout. Therefore, based on the Hengyuan Coal Mine in the northern Anhui mining area as the research base, relying on the II63 mining area floor area treatment project, the slurry diffusion range tracing test was designed and implemented. The fluorescent agent (tracer) was added to the horizontal branch hole (Z8-7) in the middle, and the rock debris samples were taken from the horizontal branch holes (Z8-6, Z8-8) and cross branch detection holes (Z8JC) on both sides to identify fluorescent cement and obtain the diffusion range of the slurry. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the influencing factors of slurry diffusion, a formula for calculating the diffusion range of slurry in the grouting treatment of the bottom plate area of the Hengyuan Coal Mine was constructed. The results show that: ① Based on the analysis of on-site and indoor identification results of rock debris, the diffusion range of grouting slurry under the coal seam floor area of the Hengyuan Coal Mine II63 mining area was 38.3−44.0 m, and the cement distribution was dense within the diffusion range of horizontal branch hole slurry within 30 meters. The grouting effect was the best in this area. ② Through a rapid identification of on-site rock cuttings and precise identification of indoor rock cuttings, the diffusion range of the slurry obtained was basically consistent, proving the effectiveness of fluorescence tracing of the diffusion range of the slurry. ③ Through comparative analysis, it was believed that under actual grouting conditions such as calculation parameters and boundary constraints, the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation results of the slurry diffusion range were close to the measured results of on-site tracing experiments. ④ Using the data from water pressure tests, grouting parameters, drilling structures, and hydrogeological responses during the tracer test process, taking into account the factors such as gravity, structure, and groundwater runoff, and using SPSS nonlinear fitting software, a formula for calculating the diffusion range of grouting slurry in the bottom plate area of the Hengyuan Coal Mine II63 mining area was obtained. ⑤ Based on the actual geological and hydrogeological conditions of the injection layer in the Hengyuan Coal Mine, using the fitted slurry diffusion range calculation formula, the slurry diffusion range of Z8 site in the II63 mining area was obtained to be 37.8−42.9 m, which was similar to the measured results of the slurry diffusion range tracer test. The calculation formula could be promoted and applied under similar conditions. The on-site tracing engineering test of the diffusion range of grouting slurry in the coal mine floor area not only obtained real data on the diffusion range of slurry, but also clarified the inherent relationship between slurry diffusion and various geological and hydrogeological factors. The diffusion mechanism of grouting slurry for ultra deep and ultra long directional drilling was revealed, and a formula for calculating the diffusion range of slurry was constructed, providing a reference basis for the reasonable design of horizontal branch hole spacing in bottom plate area treatment projects under similar conditions.

The reaction of coal char is a unique feature of pulverized coal combustion, which is differed from that of gas or liquid fuels combustion. Since the heterogeneous reaction process accounts for about 90% of the entire time for pulverized coal combustion, it is very important for the efficient utilization of pulverized coal. In general, pulverized coal particles are carried into the furnace in the form of dense phase rather than sparse phase or single particle, and the interaction between particles will affect the heterogeneous reaction of coal char. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understandings on the heterogeneous reaction behavior of coal char particles for the efficient utilization of pulverized coal. This study carries out a two-dimensional numerical simulation with the pseudo-steady state approach to study the reaction characteristics of coal char particle group. Firstly, the reaction characteristics of coal char single particle and coal char particle group are analyzed by the comparison, compared with the single particle, the peak temperature of the particle group increases by about 300 K, the surface temperature of the particle decreases by about 100 K, and the carbon consumption rate decreases by 56%−65%, which indicates that the interaction between particles affects the combustion reaction process of coal char particles. Then, the combustion characteristics of the coal char particles dispersed with three typical modes are studied. With the increase of particle spacing, the proportion of coal char oxidation reaction in each dispersion mode increases by 0.22%−2.20%, and the carbon consumption rate increases by 9.8%−26.1%. A larger particle spacing is beneficial to the diffusion of O2 molecules between particles, and the oxidation reaction and carbon consumption are promoted. Finally, the reaction characteristics of coal char particles under different reaction atmospheres are explored. Compared with the air cases, the peak temperature of the particles under high CO2 and H2O concentration atmospheres increases by 4%−30%, and the surface temperature of the particles increases by 0.5%−3.7%, among which the carbon consumption rate under the condition of 30% O2/70% H2O is the largest, which is 80% higher than that under the air atmosphere. By comprehensive comparison, the order of carbon consumption rate of coal particles dispersed with three modes under the conditions of interaction between particles, particle spacing and reaction atmosphere is as follows: Mode C > Mode B > Mode A (Mode A: particle group is rectangular dispersed; Mode B: particle group is diamond dispersed; Mode C: particles are dispersed in a regular triangle). Thus, the disturbing effect between the particles and the air flow on the consumption of coal char cannot be ignored.

Cervical tumors may occur in a variety of benign and malignant tumors. It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis in the absence of other systemic symptoms and pathological biopsy， which is likely to delay the optimal treatment opportunity. Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer presenting with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis accompanied by pain as the initial symptom have been rarely reported in clinical practice. In the present study， a case of esophageal cancer presenting with extensive cervical lymph node metastasis as the initial manifestation was reported. The patient received multi-line treatment. Despite repeated disease progression， the patient obtained 33-month survival. In this article，clinical manifestations， diagnosis and treatment process and prognosis of this patient were reported， aiming to deepen the understanding of lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer， improve the first visit rate， deliver early treatment， thereby obtain higher quality of life and longer survival.

Objective To investigate the importance of a nomogram model based on biomarkers and CT signs in the prediction of the invasive risk of ground glass nodules. Methods A total of 322 patients with ground glass nodule, including 240 and 82 patients in the model and verification groups, respectively, were retrospectively analyzed. Independent risk factors for the invasive risk of ground glass nodules were screened out after using single and multiple Logistic analysis. R software was used to construct the nomogram model, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA), receiver operating curve (ROC), and calibration curve were used for internal and external verification of the model. Results In this study, the independent risk factors for the invasive risk of ground glass nodules included systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), CYFRA21-1, edge, vascular cluster sign, and nodular consolidation tumor ratio (CTR). The area under the ROC curve of the constructed nomogram model had a value of 0.946, and that of the external validation group reached 0.932, which suggests the good capability of the model in predicting the invasive risk of ground glass nodules. The model was internally verified through drawing of calibration curves of Bootstrap 1000 automatic sampling. The results showed that the consistency index between the model and actual curves reached 0.955, with a small absolute error and good fit. The DCA curve revealed a good clinical practicability. In addition, nodule margin, vascular cluster sign, and CTR were correlated with the grade of pathological subtype of invasive adenocarcinoma. Conclusion A nomogram model based on biomarkers and CT signs has good value and clinical practicability in the prediction of the invasive risk of ground glass nodules.

Objective To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium butyrate on rats exposed to hypoxia and cold conditions. Methods Fifty-eight male SD rats (aged 7~8 weeks, weighing 240~260 g) were randomly divided into normoxia normothermia saline control (NNC) group (n=10), normoxia normothermia sodium butyrate (NNB) group (n=10), hypoxia cold saline control (HCC) group (n=19), and hypoxia cold sodium butyrate (HCB) group (n=19).The intragastric dose of sodium butyrate was 200 mg/kg for the NNB and HCB groups, while the NNC and HCC groups were given normal saline of 5 mL/kg.①After continuous intragastric administration for 7 d, the rats in the HCC and HCB groups were placed in a low-pressure hypoxic chamber to simulate an altitude of 5 000 m and exposed to a temperature of 8℃ for 7 d.Subsequently, blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta for blood gas analysis, blood routine test, and detection for serum biochemical indicators.ELISA was used to determine serum inflammatory cytokines and endocrine hormones.The rats in the NNC and NNB groups (n=10) were fed outside the chamber and underwent the same tests in 7 d later to evaluate the protective effects of sodium butyrate on the body.②Core body temperature monitoring was conducted to assess the impact of sodium butyrate on thermoregulation in rats exposed to hypoxia and cold (n=3).③Hypoxia exercise tolerance of the HCC group and HCB group in a hypoxic chamber (11% O2) was evaluated for their hypoxia resistance (n=6). Results Compared to the NNC group, the rats in the HCC group exhibited significant decreases in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), serum levels of IL-4, estradiol (E2) and cortisol (F), core temperature, and exercise duration (P < 0.05), and had notably increased levels of red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), cardiac troponin (CRDAC-T), uric acid (UA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)(P < 0.05).Compared to the HCC group, the rats in the HCB group exhibited significant increases in SaO2, PaO2, IL-4, E2, F, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)(P < 0.05), remarkably longer exercise duration under hypoxic exposure (P < 0.05), but decreases in RBC count, serum levels of HGB, HCT, CRDAC-T, UA, ALT, TC, LDL, IL-6, GM-CSF and free thyroxine (FT4), and core temperature (P < 0.05). Conclusion Sodium butyrate exhibits protective effects on rats exposed to hypoxia and cold conditions, and it is helpful in their adaptation to these hypoxia and cold environments.

Background The occurrence of postoperative complications in lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) is closely related to malnutrition, and currently there is a lack of nutritional evaluation methods that can effectively, objectively, and comprehensively assess the nutritional status of LDD patients and predict the occurrence of postoperative complications. Objective To compare the predictive value of four nutritional evaluation methods of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) and High-sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (HS-mGPS) for postoperative complications in patients with LDD, so as to formulate a precise nutritional intervention plan and effectively prevent complications. Methods A total of 201 patients diagnosed with LDD and underwent open surgery in Spine Surgery Department of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the study subjects, four nutritional evaluation methods of PNI, CONUT, NPS and HS-mGPS were applied to assess the preoperative nutritional status of the patients, respectively, and occurrence of postoperative complications from postoperative period to hospital discharge were observed. The patients were divided into the complication group and non-complication group according to the occurrence of postoperative complications to analyze and compare the difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups; the optimal cut-off values of different nutritional evaluation methods were calculated by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the prediction efficiency of different evaluation methods was compared, the area under curve (AUC) was compared by using MedCalc software. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between different nutritional evaluation methods and postoperative complications. Results Postoperative complications occurred in 60 patients with an incidence rate of 29.8%. The comparison of clinical characteristics data showed statistically significant differences in age, gender, intraoperative bleeding, surgical segment, PNI, CONUT, and NPS scores between the complication group and non-complication group (P

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a key regulatory role in biological processes, such as growth, reproduction, early development, cell differentiation, and proliferation, in fish and other vertebrates. The IGF family system consists of two IGFs (IGF1 and IGF2), two IGF receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and six IGF-binding proteins (IGF-binding proteins IGFBP1–6) in mammals. By binding to the cell surface-specific receptor (IGF-Rs), IGFs activate the activity of related protein kinases, initiate the signaling cascade in the cell, and participate in the regulation of various biological reaction processes. The research on fish IGFs mainly focuses on IGF1 and IGF2, and several studies have confirmed that they are widely involved in multiple biological processes, such as growth regulation, immune response, gonadal development, and maturation. IGF3 is a fish-specific sub-type; it was first detected in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in 2008 and plays an important role in gender differentiation in many reports. However, it is unclear whether it affects ovarian development.Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is an economically valuable flatfish species that is widely farmed in Europe and China. It cannot spawn eggs naturally in captivity and needs to be hand-stripped and artificially fertilized. The IGF system plays an important role during turbot ovary maturation. In this study, the full-length turbot IGF3 sequence was obtained via RACE cloning technology, its bioinformatics characteristics were analyzed, and the tertiary structure and docking situation were predicted. The relative expression levels during the whole tissue and ovarian development were detected using qRT-PCR. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the gonadal development stage. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of turbot IGF3 was 1 255 bp, encoding 259 amino acids, and displayed the highest homology with halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). A total of 33 amino acid signal peptides and 59 amino acid IGF-specific domains were found. It was a hydrophilic protein with a molecular mass of 26.39 kDa and a hydrophobic isoelectric point of 8.13. The turbot IGF3 is highly homologous with other fish. Turbot IGF3 is a hydrophobic protein, and its tertiary structure consists of three α spirals connected in series, closely integrated with IGF-1R and IGF-2R. igf3 is expressed differently between female and male turbot. In the liver, kidney, stomach, gonads, and brain, the male IGF3 expression was significantly higher than in females. In the heart, intestines, and pituitary gland, female IGF3 expression was significantly higher than males; however, the difference was not significant in the spleen. In male turbot, igf3 is mostly expressed in the brain, while in female turbot, igf3 is mostly expressed in the brain and intestine. During the five stages of development of turbot ovaries (previtellogenesis, early vitellogenesis, late vitellogenesis, migratory nucleus, and atresia), igf3 expression increased significantly in late vitellogenesis and maintained high expression in the migratory nucleus stage and decreased in the atresia stage. The results showed that turbot IGF3 has typical IGF family structure characteristics: local endocrine factors, widely distributed in tissues, significant sex dimorphism, and participates in regulating the growth and maturation of oocytes. Therefore, these findings lay a foundation for an in-depth research on the effects of IGF3 on ovarian development and oocyte maturation in turbot and provides crucial ideas for exploring the novel functions of IGF3 in fish.

Human milk oligosaccharides （HMOs） are a group of complex glycans in human milk and play an important role in promoting the growth and development of infants, and more than 200 kinds of HMOs have been identified so far. In this paper, the types and structures of HMOs and their roles in improving infant intestinal health, promoting immune system development and brain development were reviewed. The application status of HMOs was summarized, the possibility and necessity of industrial production and application of HMOs in the future were prospected.

[ Objective ] Frost temperature thresholds of grape are the basis for frost monitoring , prediction , assessment , and prevention. The study investigated the low-temperature tolerance of the main wine grape ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon ’ at different development stages in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain , and further established a system of frost temperature thresholds for wine grapes. The study aimed to provide the basis for frost prediction and prevention of wine grapes in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain. [ Methods ] We used a field frost chamber to treat the pompom , bud , new leaves , and new shoots of the main wine grape variety ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon ’ at different developmental stages under low temperature in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain during the period of April to May 2022. The supercooling point , relative electrical conductivity ( R EC ), and semi-lethal temperature ( L T50 ) were measured. Field survey on frozen ratio under low temperature treatment was carried out. A regression model based on the correlation between frozen ratio and low temperature was set up to calculate the critical temperatures for light , moderate , and severe frost at different development stages of the wine grape. The above mentioned indicators at the temperature of frost were analyzed to determine the frost temperature thresholds at differ- ent development stages of ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon ’ . [ Results ] Low temperature had different effects on ‘ Cabernet Sauvignon ’ during the pompom , bud opening , leaf spreading , and new shoot growth stages. The lower the temperature , the higher the frost exposure rate in each development stage. The supercoo- ling point and the semi-lethal temperature ( L T50 ) were gradually increased with the development of the wine grapes. Low temperature tolerance in the pompom stage was the strongest and followed in the bud opening and leaf spreading stages. The tolerance of new shoot growth stage was the weakest. [ Conclusion ] -7.70 ℃ was the turning point for severe frost at the pompom stage , while the critical temperature of bud opening stage was -4.49 ℃. Temperature lower than -2.79 ℃ at the leaf spreading stage caused ir- reversible damage to the wine grape. Furthermore , below -1.62 ℃ in the new shoot growth stage caused severe frost.

In order to explore the effect of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane pervaporation technology on the concentration of freeze-dried rose hydrolat (Rosa damascene), headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the volatile aroma components of freeze-dried rose hydrolat, and its sensory properties and applicability were evaluated by sensory analysis. The results showed that 54 aroma components were detected in rose hydrolat, and its characteristic aroma components including phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol and geraniol accounted for more than 90% of the total, indicating great utilization value. After two osmotic concentration cycles, the rose aroma became more intense and typical, and the content of benzene ring compounds significantly increased, characterized by total odor activity value (OAV) of rose aroma substances increased by 20.47%. The sensory flavor profile analysis also showed similar results: the proportion of floral aroma intensity (M value) increased from 37% to 51%, which was consistent with the result of partial least squares regression (PLSR) validation analysis. Additionally, it was found that the aroma intensity of freeze-dried rose hydrolat obtained after secondary osmosis was similar to that of rose essence sold in the market, and still higher than that of rose soda water sold in the market after 100-fold dilution, demonstrating its potential as a flavor enhancer in daily chemicals and beverages.

Background Traditional Chinese acupuncture has been widely applied for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with outstanding efficacy. However, recognized and unified outcome indicators remain to be absent, which impedes the translation of research into high-quality clinical evidence. Therefore, the establishment of core outcome indicators for acupuncture in KOA is conducive to enhance the scientific rigor, rationality, and feasibility of clinical research programs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) , provide higher quality evidence-based basis for clinical research. Objective To analyze the current status of the application of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for KOA, so as to provide a basis for the assessment method of clinical efficacy. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and SinoMed were searched for clinical RCTs of acupuncture in the treatment of KOA from 2003 to 2022. Two researchers screened and extracted the characteristics of literature. The indicator domain, measurement tools and the time point of measurement of RCTs of acupuncture for KOA were analyzed. Results A total of 131 papers were included, with a sample size of 22 726 cases and 89 outcome indicators, which were classified into 40 (44.9%) items for symptoms and signs, 22 (24.7%) items for physical and chemical examinations, 5 (5.6%) items for quality of life, 5 (5.6%) items for psychological state, 3 (3.4%) items for satisfaction evaluation, 2 (2.2%) items for safety indicators, and 12 (13.5%) items for other indicators. Among the 131 articles, 23 measurement time points were included in the 131 articles, ranging from 1 hour to 3 years after treatment, 106 (80.9%) articles used "clinical efficacy" as the outcome indicator, 23 (17.6%) articles used safety evaluation and adverse event reports. Conclusion There are some problems in the use of outcome indicators in the RCTs of acupuncture for KOA, such as large variation in the use of outcome indicators, confounding of primary and secondary indicators, abuse of index combination, irregular use of composite indexes, inadequate safety evaluation, irregular measurement time points, insufficient evaluation of long-term prognosis, and failing to reflect the characteristics of TCM intervention of acupuncture. Future research should combine treatment based on syndrome differentiation characteristics of TCM, to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of KOA by using scientific and reasonable outcome indicators. It is urgent to establish the core indicators set of TCM in the treatment of KOA, and to construct a standardized and recognized COS-TCM.

For the technical problem of low intelligence in the process of drilling and pressure relief in high stress mines, the research status of pressure relief technology and equipment at home and abroad is summarized and analyzed in this study. It is pointed out that the development of high-performance, highly reliable, and efficient fully autonomous drilling system of anti-impact drilling robot is an important development direction to solve the problem of rock burst prevention and control. To this end, the five key technologies that affect the performance of the drilling system, namely “the precise recognition of hole position, the precise perception of drilling tool posture, the wireless electromagnetic intelligent detection, the intelligent recognition of drilling tool operation status, and the precise control of the drilling system” have been summarized, and the solutions and methods have been provided. In response to the problem of accurate identification of pressure relief holes in complex and harsh environments, a SinGAN model for pressure relief hole image sample expansion is developed, which integrates image size adjustment and multi-stage training modes. The Faster RCNN optimized by multi-layer feature fusion is introduced, and a hole position recognition model based on an improved SqueezeNet lightweight network architecture is constructed to achieve an accurate and fast recognition of pressure relief hole positions. To address the issue of precise perception of drilling tool posture, the unscented Kalman filter optimized by improved gradient descent algorithm is designed for the initial alignment of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Multiple IMU spatial array layouts are designed, and a BP neural network-based compensation method for drilling tool posture error is studied, aiming to improve the accuracy of drilling tool posture calculation and achieve a precise drilling pressure relief. Aiming at the precise detection of drilling conditions in complex geological environments, a wireless elec-tromagnetic transmission system architecture for underground measurement while drilling in coal mines has been established. The principles of adaptive modulation of weak electromagnetic wave signals and high-speed bidirec-tional electromagnetic transmission technology have been explored, and the measurement principles and imple-mentation processes of geological parameters, geological parameters, and engineering parameters at the bottom of the hole have been investigated. To address the issue of identifying the operational status of drilling systems, a multi-domain feature extraction architecture for drilling signals in the time domain, frequency domain, and time frequency domain, as well as a deep network advanced feature extraction architecture, have been constructed. In addition, the key component health status assessment and fault diagnosis techniques for drilling systems have been proposed, and a prediction model for sticking risk factors based on an improved bat optimized long-term and short-term memory network has been built to accurately predict the stuck status of pressure relief drilling tools. In terms of the issue of precise control of drilling systems, the working principle of the hydraulic system of the drilling system is analyzed, and a precise control scheme for the drilling system considering the characteristics of coal and rock is formulated. The principle of solving the optimal control parameters of the drilling system based on torque and position is explored, aiming to achieve intelligent collaborative control and parallel operation of the drilling return system and feed system.

Conventional high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer necessitates advanced superconducting technology, which usually involves a magnet of large volume and high maintenance cost. Moreover, strong magnet often has severe magnetic field inhomogeneity, leading to NMR line broadening. Zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR emerged as a complementary approach to traditional high-field NMR techniques. In this paper, a portable zero-field NMR spectrometer based on a compact atomic magnetometer was developed, which adopted an integrated control system based on a multi-function data acquisition card (National Instruments PCIe-6353). The spectrometer is of a main magnetic field strength less than 1 nT and enables achieving high-resolution J-spectrum under zero-field environment. Specifically, a series of single pulse excitation experiments for the initial adiabatic state was carried out to calibrate the triaxial magnetic field coils. Then a modified composite pulse sequence was developed to further validate the performance of zero-field NMR spectrometer by single-spin control experiments for the 13C-1H spin system.

To investigate the effects of chitosan and ε-polylysine on the cell structure and cytoprotective enzymes of Carbibacterium divergens to explore their inhibition mechanism against Carbibacterium divergens, the broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of chitosan and ε-polylysine against Carbibacterium divergens. Their effects on the cellular structure of Carbibacterium divergens were then assessed by several indexes, such as growth curves, electronic conductivity, extracellular nucleic acids, extracellular proteins, and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, and the microstructure of bacteria were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, their role in oxidative stress was analyzed by detecting changes in catalase (CAT) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that the MIC of chitosan and ε-polylysine against Carbibacterium divergens was 0.1953 and 0.1563 mg/mL, respectively. The intracellular components (AKP, proteins, nucleic acids, and ions) leaked after treatment with MIC and 2MIC chitosan and ε-polylysine. The mass concentrations of chitosan and ε-polylysine were negatively correlated with enzyme activity, and the activities CAT and SOD significantly decreased (P

Currently, the engineering thematic maps used in coal mines are mostly CAD drawings. Extracting data efficiently from CAD drawings and quickly organizing them into geographic information system (GIS) services, thereby supporting the creation of mine spatial objects and business attribute expansion, integrating real-time safety production data are the key to building a coal mine GIS one-map. The implementation process of converting CAD drawings into GIS services based on the ArcGIS platform is cumbersome. The ArcGIS platform has high costs and cannot run well across platforms. In order to solve the above problems, a coal mine GIS one-map rapid construction platform has been designed. The platform includes three major functional modules: CAD drawing management, map service publishing, and thematic map management. The CAD drawing management module is used for basic information management and status tracking of drawings. The map service publishing module is used for map packaging and online preview. The thematic map management module is used for map service management, mine object creation, and attribute extension. Based on the open design alliance (ODA), the Teigha for Java SDK is used to achieve precise recognition and fast and accurate extraction of all elements in CAD drawings. By constructing a hierarchical description model for coal mine CAD drawing data based on GIS data features, rapid storage of all element data in CAD drawings has been achieved. Following the object-oriented design approach, a web-based coal mine CAD drawing dataset storage interface and thematic map service publishing platform are developed under the Spring Cloud framework, achieving rapid construction of coal mine GIS one-map. Taking the mining engineering plan of a certain coal mine as an example, traditional methods and fast construction platforms are used to construct coal mine GIS one-map. The comparison results show that the fast construction platform can significantly improve the efficiency of constructing coal mine GIS one-map, providing a spatiotemporal digital base for the intelligent construction of coal mines.

To investigate the hydraulic characteristics and soil behaviors during the formation of covered karst ground collapse induced by the groundwater changes, a 2D fluid-solid coupling model was developed based on discrete element method and lattice Boltzmann method. This model utilizes the linearly interpolated bounce-back scheme of Bouzidi and the momentum exchange method, allowing for the simulation of the formation of covered karst ground collapse from a microscopic perspective. Using the fluid-solid coupling model, an exploratory study was conducted to simulate the formation of covered karst ground collapse induced by a decrease in the hydraulic head of confined aquifers. Simulation results indicate that when the water level of a confined aquifer declines, the groundwater flow mainly affects the particles located above a cave opening and produces a downward force on the surrounding soil. When soil particles spall, the hydraulic heads at the positions of the spalled soil particles drop sharply. This results in a significant increase in the hydraulic gradient, causing the groundwater force on internal particles to sharply increase as well. As a result, the upper particles lose stability due to the combined force of groundwater dragging and gravitational force, which can lead to a gradual acceleration process of collapse. The research results provide valuable insights into the understanding of covered karst ground collapse formation induced by the groundwater changes.

Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is one of the major causes of increased postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients. The inflammatory response and ferroptosis are the principal hypotheses of the mechanism of POCD development. But the mechanism of electroacupuncture to improve learning and memory function in POCD patients is unclear. Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on learning, memory, inflammatory cytokines and ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons in aged rats with POCD, so as to explore the mechanism of improving POCD by electroacupuncture. Methods From January 2022 to February 2023, 72 SD rats aged 18 to 20 months were selected and divided into 3 groups according to random number table method of control group (n=24) , model group (n=24) and electroacupuncture group (n=24) . According to the observation time points of 3 and 7 days postoperative, the rats in each group were divided into 2 the subgroups (3 d postoperative subgroup in control group, 7 d postoperative subgroup in control group, 3 d postoperative subgroup in model group, 7 d postoperative subgroup in model group, 3 d postoperative subgroup in electroacupuncture group, 7 d postoperative subgroup in electroacupuncture group) , with 12 rats in each group. POCD model was established by exploratory laparotomy, and Baihui and Neiguan points were stimulated by electroacupuncture. The Morris water maze device was used to detect the behavioral performance of rats. The contents of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in serum and hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and lipid peroxides (LPO) and Fe2+ in hippocampus were detected. The protein expression levels of acyl coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) , ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3) in hippocampus were detected by Western Blotting. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Group and time had no interaction effect on the escape latency of cognitive function training at 3 and 7 d postoperatively (Pinteraction>0.05) , the main effect of training time on the escape latency of cognitive function training was significant (Ptime0.05) . The escape latency of 3 d postoperative subgroup in model group was higher than that of 3 d postoperative subgroup in control group and 3 d postoperative subgroup in electroacupuncture group. The frequency of crossing platform and target quadrant residence time of 3 d postoperative subgroup in model group were lower than those of 3 d postoperative subgroup in control group and 3 d postoperative subgroup in electroacupuncture group; the frequency of crossing platform in 3 d postoperative subgroup in electroacupuncture group was lower than that of 3 d postoperative subgroup in control group (P