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Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of tea polypenols (TP) on yogurt quality and its antioxidant activity. Methods: Milk with different concentration (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/100 mL milk) of TP was fermented for the preparation of yogurt. The effect of TP on the pH value, titratable acidity, nutrients and water-holding capacity of yogurt was determined by physicochemical analysis. Meanwhile, the effect of TP on the texture properties, color and flavor of yogurt was analyzed with a texture analyzer, chromatic aberration colorimeter and headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Besides, the changes of four catechins in TP during the fermentation of yogurt was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant capacity of yogurt with TP was determined by in-vitro antioxidant test. Results: TP had no significant influence on the pH value, titratable acidity and nutrients. Then, the addition of TP slightly reduced the water-holding capacity, hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and cohesiveness of yogurt, and made the color of yogurt slightly red and yellow. The addition of TP slightly reduced the content of acid flavor substances in yogurt, while the types and contents of flavors (ketones and alcohols) increased. During the fermentation of yoghurt, the esterified catechins (epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate) were degraded, while the non-esterified catechins (epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin) were not significantly changed. In-vitro antioxidant test showed that the addition of TP significantly increased the antioxidant activity of yogurt (including the significant enhancement of DPPH/ABTS+ free radical scavenging capacity as well as reduction capacity). Conclusions: The addition of TP has changed the quality of yoghurt to some extent and imparted a unique flavour and antioxidant effect, which could provide a reference for the utilisation of TP in functional yoghurts.

Starch is the important raw material for food industry, and it is also the main bioenergy source for human body. Plant polyphenols are a kind of active substances that widely exist in plants, and they are beneficial to human health. And the molecular interaction between plant polyphenols and starch can affect the quality (such as texture, flavor, color and so on) and nutrition of starch food during processing and storage. On the basis of consulting a lot of literature and studies, this paper reviews the molecular interaction between plant polyphenols and starch and its influence on the related properties of starch and plant polyphenols, these include the formation of complexes between plant polyphenols and starch (including V-type inclusion facilitated by hydrophobic effect and complex most through hydrogen bonds), the change of their interaction on the physicochemical properties (such as pasting, retrogradation, rheological properties, etc.), microstructure and digestive properties of starch, as well as the effect of protection and slow release on plant polyphenols, which would provide useful guidance for the resource utilization of plant polyphenols in starch processing and storage and other related fields.

Antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects of the essential oil from Ligustrum robustum (Rxob.) Blume (EOL) were investigated. L. robustum was used as the crude material to prepare EOL by steam distillation method. The volatile components of EOL were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, its antioxidant activity was analyzed by some chemical methods in vitro, and its bacteriostatic activity was evaluated by using bacteria, fungi and yeast. Furthermore, peanut oil and orange juice were selected as food models to determine its antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects during storage period. Results showed that 22 of volatile components were identified from EOL, such as 4-terpined, γ-terpinene, and 4-carene, etc.. In addition, EOL could scavenge ABTS+ free radical (EC50: 395.9 μg/mL), DPPH free radical (EC50: 165.45 μg/mL), inhibit lipid peroxidation (IC50: 420.1 μg/mL) and showed strong reduce power. Meanwhile, EOL could effectively slow down the increasing of peroxide value of peanut oil, and inhibit the oxidative deterioration of oil during storage. Moreover, EOL showed the favorable broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activities (MIC: 0.31~5.0 μg/mL, MBC: 1.25~20.0 μg/mL), and it inhibited the growth of all testing microorganisms during logarithmic growth period effectively. Specifically, the inhibition of bacteria was obvious, especially for Escherichia coli (the inhibition zone was 29.85 mm). EOL had remarkable abilities to restrain the spoilage and prolong the shelf life of orange juice during storage. All results suggested that the essential oil from L. robustum showed the high value and potential to be developed and utilized in food industry.

In present study, the inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of tea polyphenols on α-amylase were investigated. With the determination of inhibition kinetics, the inhibition of tea polyphenols on α-amylase was estimated. Then, by using the fluorescence chromatography and circular dichroism, the changes of spatial structure and stability of α-amylase were observed. Furthermore, the molecular docking was used to explore the molecular interactions between tea polyphenols and α-amylase. The results showed that tea polyphenols exhibited the inhibitory effect on α-amylase with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.35 mg/mL in a non-competitive manner. There was a fluorescence quenching effect of tea polyphenols on α-amylase with the red-shift of maximum emission wavelength (λmax) in the fluorescence chromatography. Moreover, the secondary structure of α-amylase was found to change from the stratified structure to helical structure, which indicated the decreasing stability of α-amylase. By forming the hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, tea polyphenols could bind to α-amylase as the stable complex which contributed to the decrease of enzyme activity. The results suggested that tea polyphenols had the potential value as α-amylase inhibitors.

Certificateless public key cryptosystem combines the advantages of identity-based cryptosystem and traditional PKI public key cryptosystem,overcomes the key escrow problem of identity-based public key cryptosystem and the certificate management problem of PKI system,and has obvious advantages.By analysing the security of a strongly secure certificateless signature scheme proposed by Hassouna,et al,it shows that the scheme cannot resist the attack of falsifying messages and do not use private key generated by system master key to sign.So it is not a certificateless signature scheme.On this basis,an improved certificateless signature scheme is proposed and it proves the scheme can resist the attack of the first class of strong adversaries and the second class of adversaries.In the random oracle model and under the assumption of the Diffie-Hellman problem of the elliptic curve,the improved scheme satisfies the existential forgery.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses great threats to human health. Due to complicated progresses of primary and secondary injuries, patients' conditions are unstable and thus influence the prognosis. Although it requires to monitor TBI patients effectively, current approaches of TBI monitoring are limited so that a comprehensive understanding of disease progression cannot be accessed. This review summarizes the techniques currently applied and techniques in research stage, from macroscopic to microscopic scales. These techniques are potentially to be integrated to establish multimodal monitoring system in the future for providing precise and comprehensive information, which helps to enhance the treatment of TBI patients. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.002

Lung cancer is the most common and fatal tumor in the world with limited diagnostic and treatment methods. The development of precision medicine has brought new opportunities for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. However, various kinds of information required by precision medicine (such as biometrics, clinical test indicators and non-biological environmental background information) are difficult for clinicians to integrate and utilize effectively. With the development of computer technology, artificial neural networks (ANNs), which has the characteristic of high fault tolerance, intelligence and self-learning ability. Its powerful information integration ability can solve many problems in the development and application of precision medicine, which can play a key role in basic research and clinical practice associated with lung cancer. This article reviewed the application of artificial neural network in the field of lung cancer.

With high morbidity and mortality, lung cancer is a major threat to human health and one of the focuses of tumor researches. Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are regarded as a subpopulation of cells within lung cancer tissues with the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation, and might be related to tumorigenesis and heterogeneity of lung cancer. Tumor recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance of lung cancers could be clarified by LCSC hypothesis. Thus it’s therapeutically prospective to target at these cells. This review summarizes the biomarkers of LCSCs and their aberrant signal pathways, as well as the therapeutic strategies targeting at LCSCs.

With the rapid development and wide application of the digital media technology,the information security problem is becoming more and more highly attention.Because of the various kinds of medias,previous research works have focused on a specific digital media from,such as text,image,audio and video.As a fact that all the objects were expressed in digital forms under the environment of computer and network,a unified form for all kinds of digital media under the complex number base system was proposed.The algorithm of the digital media signal and the complex number intercom version were given,so the relationship among the digital media could be converted to the corresponding geometric relationship on the complex plane.In the experiments,the proposed method was applied to the application of the digital media information hiding.

Paroxysmal autonomic nerve dysfunction is a relatively rare clinical syndrome, and is clinically diagnosed based on the combined presence of sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic hyperactivity. Early diagnosis of paroxysmal autonomic nerve dysfunction is difficult because its early clinical manifestations are complicated and varied, and it is easily misdiagnosed as central high fever, hospital infection, and so on. The causes and mechanism of the disease are complex, and there is no effective preventive measures. This paper will report 4 cases of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who suffered from episodes of this disease. The effective therapies include bromocriptine, propranolol, physical cooling and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The report also provides review of literature about paroxysmal autonomic nerve dysfunction, in order to improve diagnosis and treatment of the disease. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.07.016

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the survival of C57 mice implanted with GL261 gliomas after chemotherapy with nimustine (ACNU). Methods Forty adult male C57 mice were divided into four groups: control, HBO, ACNU and HBO + ACNU randomly by SPSS 10, and planted with GL261 glioma cell suspension in their caudate nucleus to form tumors. From the 7th day after implantation, these groups (except control group) began to receive different treatments (HBO, ACNU and HBO + ACNU), in order to observe the effects of different treatments on the survival time of tumor bearing mice. Results There were no significant differences in the tumor volume, mass effect, severe compression of normal brain tissue and midline shift (F = 0.602, P = 0.618). The average survival time was significant with one⁃way ANOVA (F = 12.177, P = 0.000) and with the Kaplan⁃ Meier survival analysis of log⁃rank (χ2 = 13.604, P = 0.003), while multiple comparisons between groups showed HBO (χ2 = 0.365, P = 0.546) and single⁃time ACNU (χ2 = 0.884, P = 0.347) had no effect on the survival of mice; the effect of HBO + ACNU (χ2 = 9.962, P = 0.002) was better than that of HBO (χ2 = 6.925, P = 0.008) and single⁃ time ACNU (χ2 = 7.152, P = 0.007). Conclusion The HBO had no effect on survival time of C57 mice with implantation of GL261 and could not promote the growth of the GL261 glioma. However, combining the treatment with ACNU could extend the survival time of tumor bearing mice, suggesting that HBO could strengthen the therapeutic effects of ACNU． DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.06.014

ObjectiveTo analyze the current state of domestic and international research on primary cardiac malignant tumor and predict its future development trends using bibliometric methods. MethodsRelevant literature on “primary cardiac malignant tumor”, from January 1, 2004 to June 1, 2024 was retrieved from the the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) core collection databases. The number of publications in this field over the past 20 years was counted, and the national publication volume, author situation, keyword clustering and emergence, and co-occurrence of authors, institutions, and keywords in the included literature were analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. ResultsA total of 312 and 775 papers were included in the CNKI and WOS core collections, respectively. WOS core collection data showed that China’s publication volume ranked second globally, but its international cooperation was relatively low with 0.01 of centrality. In the CNKI database, the authors with high publication volume were represented by Chen Dong, Xu Zhiyun, and Song Shutian, while in the WOS core collection, the authors were represented by Reardon Michael J and Gaudino Mario. Some publications included in the WOS core collection from Chinese researchers, but the Chinese researchers were short of research cooperation and continuous academic output. The keyword map analysis showed that “pathological typing”, “echocardiography”, and “surgical treatment” were the research focus in this field for decades. In recent years, research on chemotherapy and molecular mechanisms increased both domestically and internationally, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immunotherapy treatment options have gradually been applied to the disease. Compared with domestic research, foreign research focused more on refined imaging diagnosis, in-depth pathological typing, comprehensive treatment, prognosis management, and multicenter research cooperation. However, many studies were case reports. ConclusionsThe improvement of surgical plans and the renewal of imaging technology remain the research focus in the field of primary cardiac malignant tumor. Exploring targeted treatments and comprehensive treatments to improve patient prognosis based on molecular pathological mechanisms is the future research trend, and high-quality clinical research based on multicenter and multidisciplinary cooperation is imperative.

This essay aims to formulate a paradigm of the Chinese kinship system from the analysis of the key concepts of fang and chia-tsu. The underlying concept behind the genealogical fang/chia-tsu system is father-son filiation: A son constitutes a fang in relation to his father's chia-tsu. From this simple concept, a set of related kinship constructs and principles are recognized by the Chinese: (1) continuity of agnatic descent lines, (2) fraternal differentiation based on birth order, (3) generational differentiation between father and son, (4) subordination of fang to chia-tsu, (5) membership based on successive fang-chia-tsu chains, and (6) fang segmentation based on fraternal and generational differentiation. I show in this essay how such a genealogical paradigm operates to regulate a man's or woman's kinship status, property ownership, domestic organization, agnatic adoption, uxorilocal marriage, lineage formation and segmentation when acting in combination with functional features. Evidence is drawn upon from my field study in rural Taiwan and previous anthropological studies of Chinese kinship. I also discuss the implications my findings have for anthropological studies on these subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Objective To investigate the correlation between serum pancreatic regenerating (Reg) protein Ⅰα and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients, to develop a risk prediction model for diabetes combined with CKD. Methods The clinical data of 500 diabetic patients admitted to the Zhongda Hospital Southeast University from September 2021 to September 2023 were collected for a retrospective study, including general data, medical history, and laboratory indexes［blood routine tests, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), serum uric acid (UA), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR)］. Additionally, the estimated glomerular〖LM〗 filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated. Serum Reg Ⅰα level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and patients were classified into groups R1 (Reg Ⅰα≤38.60 ng/mL,n=98), R2 (38.60＜Reg Ⅰα≤82.17ng/mL,n=97), R3 (82.17＜Reg Ⅰα≤196.15 ng/mL,n=97) and R4 (Reg Ⅰα＞196.15 ng/mL,n=97), according to quartile levels. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (234 cases) and a validation set (155 cases) using a random number table method in a ratio of 6∶4. Multivariate logistic stepwise regression was utilized to identify model variables and create a nomogram model for predicting the risk of diabetes combined with CKD, and evaluate its efficiency. Results (1) A total of 389 diabetic patients with complete data were included, and 210 (53.98%) patients with CKD. Patients in the R4 group exhibited significantly higher levels of FPG, BUN, Scr, and UA, increased rates of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and CKD, as well as lower levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin(HGB), and eGFR compared to those in the R1 group (P＜0.05). (2) The indicators in the training and validation sets were found to be well-balanced (P＞0.05). In the training set, the CKD group showed higher levels of Reg Ⅰα, white blood cell count, BUN, Scr, and UA, higher prevalences of hypertension and coronary artery disease, and lower levels of erythrocyte count, HGB, and eGFR compared to the NCKD group (P＜0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the basis of collinearity diagnosis,and the results showed that history of hypertension (OR=2.901), Reg Ⅰα＞82.17 ng/mL, decreased HGB (OR=0.965) and increased UA (OR=1.005) were the risk factors of diabetes complicated with CKD (P＜0.05). (3) The areas under the ROC of the training set and validation set were 0.846(95%CI: 0.796-0.896) and 0.920(95%CI： 0.875-0.965), respectively. The calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated good agreement of the predicted and observed outcomes (P＞0.05). Conclusion Hypertension, elevated Reg Ⅰα levels, decreased HGB and elevated UA are risk factors for CKD in diabetic patients, and the nomogram model constructed in this study has good predictive power and clinical value."

Objective To estimate adolescents and children age using stepwise regression and machine learning methods based on the pulp and tooth volumes of the left maxillary central incisor and cuspid on cone beam computed tomography （CBCT） images, and to compare and analyze the estimation results. Methods A total of 498 Shanghai Han adolescents and children CBCT images of the oral and maxillofacial regions were collected. The pulp and tooth volumes of the left maxillary central incisor and cuspid were measured and calculated. Three machine learning algorithms （K-nearest neighbor, ridge regression, and decision tree） and stepwise regression were used to establish four age estimation models. The coefficient of determination, mean error, root mean square error, mean square error and mean absolute error were computed and compared. A correlation heatmap was drawn to visualize and the monotonic relationship between parameters was visually analyzed. Results The K-nearest neighbor model （R2=0.779） and the ridge regression model （R2=0.729） outperformed stepwise regression （R2=0.617）, while the decision tree model （R2=0.494） showed poor fitting. The correlation heatmap demonstrated a monotonically negative correlation between age and the parameters including pulp volume, the ratio of pulp volume to hard tissue volume, and the ratio of pulp volume to tooth volume. Conclusion Pulp volume and pulp volume proportion are closely related to age. The application of CBCT-based machine learning methods can provide more accurate age estimation results, which lays a foundation for further CBCT-based deep learning dental age estimation research.

Carotenoids are a class of fat-soluble compounds widely associated with human health, because of their antioxidant, vision-protective and other effects. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new generation of green solvents. DESs are convenient to produce and have higher biocompatibility, biodegradability, solvent efficiency, thermal stability, and lower volatility compared to traditional organic solvents. Although DES has exhibited effective extraction on natural substances in food, its application on the extraction of carotenoids have not yet been widely studied. In this paper, the characteristics and classification of DES are described, the application of DES on extraction of carotenoids is reviewed, the existing problems for the separation of carotenoids from DES are proposed, and the application perspective of DES in the extraction and separation of carotenoids is outlined, aiming to provide a reference for the development and application of new green solvents for carotenoid extraction.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of early-onset scoliosis (EOS, which appears before the age of 10) and adolescent scoliosis (manifesting at the age of 10 and above) among primary and secondary school students in Qinghai province. MethodsTotally 3 582 students aged 5 – 18 years were recruited in 24 primary and secondary schools in 2 municipalities of Qinghai province with stratified cluster sampling. A scoliosis screening was conducted among the students during October 2020 – February 2021 using national standard method (GB/T 16133 – 2014); whole spine X-ray examination was recommended to the students with the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) of ≥ 5° measured with Bunnell Scoliometer. Relevant information of the students were collected from their guardians with a self-designed questionnaire. Detect rates of EOS and juvenile-type scoliosis among the students were compared in statistical analysis and unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to explore influencing factors of scoliosis. ResultsThe overall detection rate of scoliosis in the students was 5.6% (201/3 582) and the detection rate of EOS was significantly lower than that of adolescent scoliosis (2.9% [58/1 549] vs. 9.3% [143/2 033], P < 0.05). The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that for adolescent scoliosis, age increment (odd ratio [OR] = 1.23), paternal occupation (herder versus farmer: OR = 5.89), maternal occupation compared to being farmer (herder: OR = 59.85, doing business: OR = 10.62, being self-employed: OR = 19.41) were significant risk factors; but higher body mass index (OR = 0.75) and higher maternal education (OR = 0.55) were significant protective factors against scoliosis; while for EOS, age increment was a significant risk factor (OR = 1.88) and significant protective factors including higher parity number ( ≥ 2 versus 1: OR = 0.27), being born in summer (OR = 0.27) and in autumn (OR = 0.19) in contrast to being born in spring. ConclusionAmong 5 – 18 years old primary and secondary school students in Qinghai province, the detection rate of adolescent scoliosis is higher than that of EOS; the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis is influenced significantly by body mass index, maternal education and parental occupation but that of EOS is affected by parity and birth season.

The national strategy positions artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of things (IoT)/5G as important components of information technology facilities at the same time.Among them, AI belongs to new technology infrastructure, and IoT/5G belongs to communication network infrastructure.It leads to the technical direction of “integrate and develop communication and AI technology”.For telecom operators, how to integrate AI technology with the network, reconstruct network technology architecture, and open “AI ability” as a “service” will be an important technology evolution direction.Based on this proposition, the development direction of AI and network technology in the future was discussed, and a reference idea for the integration development and application direction of AI technology with the network architecture of IoT/5G in the future was provided.

Complex application development, various types of IoT devices, diverse network technology and different types of IoT edge are the major problems of IoT.The novel concept and architecture of the cloud native based distributed IoT operating system were proposed with 8 core features, which extended the scope of operating system from IoT devices to the edge and cloud, followed the trend analysis of IoT industry and technology.The cloud native based distributed IoT operating system has been utilized to decoupling the complexity and differences of massive heterogeneous resources of cloud (platform), edge gateway, devices and the one-stop full life cycle support of intelligent Internet of things applications development, deployment and hosting.The research and development practices of CTWing OS as well as testing and applications were also introduced.

FWaaS is one of the key cloud network services,which requires ability of auto provisioning and flexibility of on-demand adjustment.It is suitable for cloud platforms to provide FWaaS based on virtual firewalls (vFW) appliance.vFW has its own particularity comparing to other cloud components.It is not only a network service but also a network element,which should be orchestrated by business systems and should be automatically configured by network systems.In the environment of cloud resource pool,vFW faces the integration problem with other cloud components like SDN and cloud management platform.The main method of integrating vFW in cloud resource pool was studied,the existing integration problems were analyzed,and an integration method based on extensible model driven framework was proposed.

The requirements of interoperability,unified management and orchestration for heterogeneous SDN data center solutions have been identified.Based on the study of heterogeneous SDN interoperability,northbound interface and orchestration technology,SDN Hub was proposed as the orchestrator to satisfy the requirements.The architecture and system design of SDN Hub was also presented.Experiment result proves SDN Hub achieves the design goal of multi-controller access and heterogeneous resource pool scheduling.

Firstly,the concept of random events was introduced into the communication process,and the serial and parallel reliability algorithms were introduced.Secondly,the reliability design of virtual hosts,clusters and spine-leaf switching networks and their calculation methods were analyzed.Finally,the connection based on each component unit was analyzed.Based on the connection relationships among the components,the reliability design scheme of virtual nodes and its reliability algorithm was proposed.

Coordination and innovation of cloud-network will become the differentiated competitive advantage of telecom operators,the integration innovation based on the existing cloud network soltions will be the basic,and the business innovation of cloud-network coordination will be the most important.Based on this,the core concept,industry development,typical services,and industry trends were reviewed and analyzed.The core needs of business application of cloud-network coordination of telecom operators were summarized.A hierarchical functional architecture of cloud-network coordination service based on overlay technology was analyzed,and the key technologies were described.The reference system architecture of cloud-network coordination of telecom operators were proposed based on the cloud business needs and network developing status of telecom operators.And the typical business scenaries of cloud-network coordination of telecom operators were emphatically analyzed.

Cloud computing scale development provides a new chanllenge to data center network.Data center network is required virtulizing by SDN in order to meet flexible dynamic network requireement under multi-rent environment.SDN is the core technology to realize data center virtulization.The key technology of overlay SDN network virtualization was studied,the compatibility problems remained in commercial overlay SDN products was discussed,the main methods to solve this problem was analyzed,and finally an new overlay SDN architecture based on open source software and white-box switch that could work in heterogeneous hypervisors environment was proposed.

The status of hybrid cloud industry，mainstream products and solutions of hybrid cloud were studied.The applicable scenaries and deployment options were analyzed.Based on the characteristics of cloud resource and the hybrid cloud business needs of telecom operators，heterogeneous hybrid cloud system and technical solutions were proposed.The system framework and key technologies of hybrid cloud unified management，heterogeneous resource pools unified management，hybrid cloud network connectivity，and hybrid cloud security were described.

The key issues of virtual machine placement and the related algorithms, optimization goals, algorithms evaluation, benchmark models, verification tools were summarized. The typical algorithms of virtual machine placement were introduced. The characteristics of virtual machine placement of the backbone internet and the related reference values to the engineering practice of the cloud datacenter were analyzed. From the perspective of the adaptation of algorithm and engineering, several important principles for the key problems of the design and operation of cloud datacenter were proposed systematically, such as monitoring and measurement, service model, SLA and tariff design, cloud resource pool design, size and architecture of resource pool, service zone, migration control design, resource balance of resource pool, function design of logical network and physical network, and possible innovation.

To make KVM virtual machine which have been created in CloudStack platform identified and taken over correctly in CloudStack and OpenStack concomitant environment,propose a method for live migration of KVM virtual machine from CloudStack to OpenStack.By combining traditional KVM virtual machine migration method based on local storage and the characteristics of CloudStack and OpenStack cloud computing platform,regrouping virtual machine migration-related documents,we achieved the dynamic migration of virtual machines across platforms.The experimental results show that the method can not only successfully completed the KVM virtual machine migration task from CloudStack to OpenStack,but also have no more other time cost than the traditional method.

Packet classification algorithms based on decision tree are easy to implement and widely employed in high-speed packet classification.The primary objective of constructing a decision tree is minimal storage and searching time complexity.An improved decision-tree algorithm is proposed based on statistics and evaluation on filter sets.HyperEC algorithm is a multiple dimensional packet classification algorithm.The proposed algorithm allows the tradeoff between storage and throughput during constructing decision tree.For it is not sensitive to IP address length,it is suitable for IPv6 packet classification as well as IPv4.The algorithm applies a natural and performance-guided decision-making process.The storage budget is preseted and then the best throughput is achieved.The results show that the HyperEC algorithm outperforms the HiCuts and HyperCuts algorithm,improving the storage and throughput performance and scalable to large filter sets.

In order to solve the current Web components appear weak poor scalability,the generality of the interface,interactive delay time problem,put forward the lightweight REST architecture,the Jersey is the REST architecture-the realization of the JAX-RS interface standards,through the research of its connectivity,addressable,statelessness,and stability and ease of use features,design a set of unified,efficient,fast and convenient access to the server Client API,implemented as different intelligent mobile terminal with unified Web application services.

The architecture of application-oriented cloud data center network, which is application-aware, network programmable, network virtualization, flexible and high available was proposed. The key technologies and their applications in each layer were analyzed. The proposed network architecture meets the requirements of data center network for cloud computing.

The concept of service switch was firstly proposed around the industry.The general network architecture of large-scale cloud data center based on service switch can provide a general methodology to simplify the design and to clarify the logic of data center network,which will help carrier improve flexibility,lower cost and risk of operation,and a possible device form for vendor to support the architecture was suggested.