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Objectives: It is important to analyze the status of each industry, which provides not only a direct vision but also a vital reference to all. Methods: The operation of China's superhard industry in 2023 was analyzed based on an in-depth investigation, as well as the national macroeconomic statistical data and the import and export data collected by customs in China, the United States, the European Union, and Japan. The overall development of the industry was explored and then compared with internationally advanced products. Results: Firstly, there are increases in sales volume of superhard material, but a general decrease in that of superhard products except diamond wire saws. This is mainly due to the great consumption of wire saws on diamond particles. The price are going down, especially those of gem-grade diamonds and wire saws, but not for cBN, saw blades, ceramic grinding wheels and resin grinding wheels. Secondly, China has provided the majority of superhard commodities to the world, with the average price going down for 9.8% compared with that in 2022. China also has bought about 5155 tons, or 393 million USDs, of superhard commodities from other regions at a steady price. In the superhard industry, China offers the world with stable supplies and acts as a big consumer to other economics. Conclusions: Despite that China’s manufacturing industry has shown significant robustness and is increasing steadily, the superhard industry endured a tough 2023, with its main indicators falling short of expectations and relatively slow development. However, there were positive factors in the downstream market, the increase in photometric battery productivity for example, and negative factors, especially a sluggish lab-grown diamond market. Despite the gem-grade single crystal diamond and the wire saw, other representative products saw their unit prices increase, generally by 10% to 20%. There was a sharp unit price ratio between some imported products and their exported counterparts, showing great potential in high-end applications.

【Objective】The use of artificial inoculation to ferment cigar tobacco leaves is an inevitable trend in the industrial production of cigar tobacco leaves, and the neutral aroma components are the important quality components of cigar tobacco leaves. The study aims to investigate the effect of Bacillus safensis GL2 on the neutral aroma components of cigar tobacco leaves.【Method】GL2 was screened from Cuban cigar Cohiba Robert and used to ferment cigar leaves. The neutral aroma components in tobacco leaves were determined by distillation extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical methods were used for analysis and statistics.【Result】The total aroma and the contents of most neutral aroma components in cigar tobacco leaves were significantly increased after GL2 fermentation (P < 0.05), and the increased aroma substances mainly included olefins, ketones and alcohols. A total of 13 differentially neutral aroma components were selected by VIP > 1 and P < 0.05, and 9 of them were significantly up-regulated and positively correlated with tobacco leaf aroma. There were 7 species with significant positive correlation (P < 0.05), which were the key differential aroma components of 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione, 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-cyclohexanedione, geraniyl acetone, acanthyl acetone, neophydiene, solanone and phytoalcohol. In addition, 4 different aroma components were significantly decreased and negatively correlated with tobacco leaf aroma, among which 2, 4-di-tert-butyl-6-nitrophenol was significantly negatively correlated with cigar tobacco aroma (P < 0.05). 2, 6, 6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1, 4-dione, geranyl acetone, solanone and phytol contributed significantly to the aroma of fermented cigar tobacco leaves, resulting in a stronger overall dry and floral fragrances. As a result, they enriched the aroma and improved the sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves.【Conclusion】Inoculation of B. safensis during cigar tobacco fermentation is beneficial for improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves, which provide theoretical support for improving the fermentation quality of cigar tobacco leaves with biotechnology.

The development of China’s superhard industry in the first half of 2023 is analyzed according to statistical data, as well as the import & export data of customs and the national macroeconomic indicators. It is found that the industry falls short of development expectations due to the structural adjustment of the manufacturing industry. The main indicators, including the total industrial output value, the sales revenue, the total profit and the export delivery, all in a negative growth, especially the total profit who decreases 39.5% year-on-year. Against the backdrop of relative weak global markets, the export destinations are increasingly concentrated due to the rapid development of emerging economies. For example, the markets in the Middle East and Russia hava shown higher vitality. It is suggested that the companies take active decisions and explore emerging markets for breakthroughs in products and vitality in development.

A survey on main economic indicators of Chinese superhard industry is conducted to reflect its development. Considering China’s macroeconomic data and the import and export trade of superhard commodities, the development situation of Chinese superhard industry is concluded. It is found that the overall development of the industry is benign, with 23.8% increase in operating revenue and 52.8% increase in operating profit, which are the highest in the past decade. The sales profit margin has reached 23.7, obviously higher than the average one of national enterprises above designated size. As with the imports and exports, the superhard industry has lower increase rates than the national average, more manifesting an internal circulation.

In order to study the bactericidal mechanism of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) against Salmonella enteritidis, the effects of SAEW on cell membrane permeability, cell membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and intracellular ATP of Salmonella enteritidis were studied. The results showed that 2.04 lg (CFU/g) of Salmonella enteritidis on the surface of eggshells was inactivated after the SAEW treatment at the available chlorine concentration of 10 mg/L for 1 min. Moreover, relative to the control group, the conductivity of bacterial suspension of Salmonella enteritidis was increased from 13.78±0.13 ms/cm to 16.32±0.10 ms/cm (P

Tunnels in karst areas are prone to collapse during construction. There are many analyses on the mechanism of tunnel collapse in mechanical aspects, but the mechanism of tunnel collapse in karst weak fracture zones and other strata were seldom examined. In order to ensure the safety, economy and feasibility of tunnel construction, it is necessary to master the mechanism of collapse in the tunnel construction. Relying on a tunnel project in a karst broken stratum in Guizhou, where the collapse phenomenon occurred during the excavation process, the monitoring data of the tunnel are examined, and the construction principle of the BP neural network is used to invert the stratum parameters of the tunnel. The inversion soil mechanical parameters are input into different construction models constructed by using the FLAC3D finite element software, and the collapse failure mechanism and risk of typical sections are judged and analyzed. The results show that the construction method has a great influence on the stability of the tunnel excavation, and for the tunnel with the surrounding rock grade V , the three-step seven-step method and the single-side wall pilot pit method are safer for construction, and the tunnel collapse has no relationship with the simultaneous excavation of the tunnel in both directions. The predicted value of the tunnel vault displacement obtained by the inversion is 2.3 cm, and the predicted value of the surface displacement is 1.2 cm. The deviation from the monitoring data is about 13%, and the inversion result has certain reliability. The research results are of important guiding significance for the construction of tunnels and highways in weak and broken strata in karst areas.

【Objective】Microorganisms play a key role in the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves. In order to better improve the quality of cigar tobacco leaves, it is necessary to screen the dominant strains of cigars and apply them to the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and expand the biomass of the dominant strains.【Method】16S sequencing and physiological and biochemical analysis were carried out on a dominant strain ZLX10 screened from cigars to identify the strain. At the same time, the composition of culture medium (carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salt) and culture conditions (inoculation amount, liquid content and seed age) were optimized through single factor and orthogonal test to improve its biomass.【Result】Based on 16S rDNA sequence comparison, the sequence homology between strain ZLX10 and Bacillus mojavensis (MT043920.1) reached 99.86%, and the strain had strong ability to degrade polysaccharide and protein macromolecule, which could be identified as Bacillus mojavenis. Through single factor and orthogonal test, the optimal medium formula of strain ZLX10 was obtained as follows: carbon source (sucrose) 50 g/L, nitrogen source (yeast extract) 20 g/L, inorganic salt (MgSO4) 0.25 g/L, and the optimal culture conditions were 1% (V/V) of inoculum, 30 mL/250 mL of liquid content, and 24 h of seed age. The biomass of strain ZLX10 was 1.98 times that before optimization when cultured under the optimal conditions for 24 h.【Conclusion】The biomass of strain ZLX10 can be significantly increased by optimizing the conditions, which provides a basis for artificial inoculation of fermented cigar tobacco leaves.

Under the background of the comprehensive implementation of the National Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Action, the superhard material industry energy consumption research was carried out. It aims to promote the superhard material industry to make new contributions to the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of the country. The energy consumption data of superhard material and product enterprises were summarized and analyzed, and the energy consumption of typical products in the inorganic non-metallic field was compared. The results show that from 2019 to 2021, the energy consumption per unit of gross industrial output value of superhard materials is 0.11, 0.10, and 0.08 tce/10 000¥; and that the energy consumption per unit of gross industrial output value of superhard materials products is 0.08, 0.07 and 0.05 tce/10 000¥ respectively. The reduction rate of energy consumption in superhard materials industry is far greater than the reduction percentage of national GDP energy consumption index. Compared with the typical products in the inorganic non-metallic field such as cement, ceramics and ordinary abrasives, the energy consumption in the superhard material industry is at a lower level. Finally, the paper makes suggestions on superhard industry policies and enterprise carbon reduction.

Based on the Purchasing Managers' Index, the relevant data of the superhard material industry, the import and the export data of superhard commodities of China Customs, and the import data of United States and Japan Customs, 6 tables and 8 charts are summarized in this study to analyze the economic operation of the superhard industry in the first half of 2022. The data shows that the growth rate of industrial added value of superhard industry is 27.4%, which is 23.0 percentage points higher than that of enterprises above the national size. The profit growth rate is 65.0%, which is 64.0 percentage points higher than that of enterprises above the national scale (74.4 percentage points higher than the 10.4% decline in manufacturing). The growth rate of export delivery value is 10.2% (the export value of superhard goods according to the statistics of the General Administration of Custom increases by 20.6% year on year, which is 7.4 percentage points higher than the national exports value). China dominates the imported market of superhard goods in United States and Japan. In the dilemma of national macroeconomic development, the main economic indicators of the superhard material industry are far higher than the corresponding national indicators, which shows the trend of vigorous development of the superhard industry.

A overall reflection of Chinese superhard industry in 2021 is presented with China’s macroeconomic indicators. The development of the industry is analyzed. It is found that despite the general background of increased pressure on the manufacturing industry, the superhard industry achieves outstanding results in both international and domestic circulation, whose industrial output and profit growth rate are both higher than the national average. However, the achievements mainly results from the macroeconomic environment, while the development in management and technology of enterprises is relatively slow. In conclusion, the overall situation for the industry is still not optimistic with significantly increased development pressure.

Background and objective Molecular targeting therapy is the direction of individualized treatment of lung cancer, scholars has been established targeted therapy prediction models which provide more guidance for clinical individual therapy. This study investigated the relationship among pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D), transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and response as well as survival in the patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, which Erlotinib was as second line treatment after failure to chemotherapy. This study also established a predictive prognostic model. Methods Serum levels of SP-D, TGF-α, MMP-9, TPS, and KL-6 in 114 patients before erlotinib treatment were detected by ELISA method. Combined with clinical factors, these levels were used to investigate the relationship with efficacy in erlotinib treatment and construct a predicted prognostic model by Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard model multivariate analysis. Results The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the 114 patients, were 22.8% (26/114) and 72.8% (83/114), to Erlotinib treatment respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and one year survival rate with Erlotinib treatment were 5.13 months and 69.3%, respectively. Patients in the SP-D>110 ng/mL group exhibited more ORR (33.3% vs 13.3%, P=0.011) and DCR (83.3% vs 63.3%, P=0.017) than those in the ≤110 ng/mL group. Patients in the MMP-9≤535 ng/mL group showed more DCR (83.9%) than those in the >535 ng/mL group (62.1%) (P=0.009). Patients in the TPS110 ng/mL (5.95 months vs 3.25 months, P=0.009), MMP-9≤535 ng/mL (5.83 months vs 3.47 months, P=0.046), KL-6

Background and objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutation predicts excellent response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, lung cancer patients are often with unknown EGFR mutation status because there are little tumor specimen to determine. TKIs induce tumor cell apoptosis which associates with several apoptosis-related genes. To explore the association between GNAS1 T393C polymorphism and therapeutic efficacy of TKI in pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC) with unknown EGFR mutation status. Methods A total of 116 patients were recruited for the study from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, all of whom were treated with gefitinib or erlotinib after failure to prior chemotherapy. We detected the genotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with GNAS1 T393C polymorphism through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 18.0. Results The overall response rate was 29.3%. No significant associations were found among GNAS1 T393C polymorphism and the objective response rate. The disease control rate of patients with GNAS1 T393C CC genotype was lower than that of patients with variant genotype (TT or CT) (46.2% vs 73.8%, P=0.039). Univariate analysis identified gender, smoking history, histology and GNAS1 T393C polymorphism as predictive marker of PFS (P=0.04, P

Background and objective As the first epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in China, icotinib shows promising anticancer activity in vitro and vivo. The phase III clinical study (ICOGEN) showed that icotinib has a good efficacy and tolerability in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with gefitinib. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of icotinib monotherapy for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation and wild-type patients in our hospital. Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with icotinib in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from August, 2011 to August, 2012. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank tests. Results The clinical data of 49 patients (13 with wild-type and 36 with EGFR mutation) with NSCLC were enrolled in the current study. The patients’ overall objective response rate (ORR) was 58.3% and the disease control rate (DCR) in 36 EGFR mutation patients was 88.9%. The ORR was 7.7% and DCR was 53.8% in the wild-type patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) with icotinib treatment in EGFR mutation patients was 9.5 months and 2.2 months in wild-type patients (P

Background Focusing on primary care is the primary content of health care policies, however, there is a lack of effective measurement tools in practice. Objective To construct a index system for county health system development focusing on primary care, provide a reference for its monitoring approaches, and perform analysis and presentation with application cases. Methods In the study conducted from 2021 to 2022, the index system, weights and percentage conversion methods were constructed based on literature review and Delphi method, case application and analysis were conducted based on the data of questionnaire survey, institutional survey and medical insurance collected by baseline survey among residents, patients and medical workers, as well as data of key informant interview, in 2 experimental counties of county health system reform in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2020 to 2022. Results The results of Delphi method showed that the authority coefficient of experts was 0.91, the coefficients of variation of two rounds of consultation were 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. The final constructed index system contains 3 domains, 15 dimensions, and 36 indicators, with a comprehensive index calculation method. The results showed that the overall scores for the two counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were 58.62 and 52.57, respectively, both of which were below the current national benchmark (60.00 points) . Conclusion Based on the data availability, the index system constructed in this study can be applied to monitor and evaluate county health system to achieve the goal of focusing on primary care, its application may improve visibility and priority of primary care development, facilitate the publish and implementation policies strengthening primary care.