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Copyright of Micronanoelectronic Technology is the property of Micronanoelectronic Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using chicken manure biochar organic fertilizer as the material, the effects of different dosage and biochar application on the growth, development, and quality of Shangluo flue-cured tobacco were studied, in order to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the cost of using organic fertilizer in Shangluo tobacco area. In 2022, a community experiment was conducted on the application technology of chicken manure biochar organic fertilizer in Luonan County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province. Six treatments were set up: T1 [ conventional fertilization+ commercial chicken manure (450 kg/hm²) ], T2 [conventional fertilization + commercial chicken manure (900 kg/hm²)], T3 [conventional fertilization+commercial chicken manure (1 050 kg/hm²)], N1 [conventional fertilization+70 chicken manure/30 biochar (750 kg/hm²)], N2 [conventional fertilization+80 chicken manure/20 biochar (750 kg/hm²)] and N3 [conventional fertilization+90 chicken manure/10 biochar (750 kg/hm²)], with CK(conventional fertilization, no organic fertilizer) and CK, (conventional fertilization+tobacco company set organic fertilizer) as controls. The results showed that chicken manure biochar organic fertilizer could significantly improve the agronomic traits and disease resistance of tobacco plants; chicken manure biochar organic fertilizer increased the material accumulation of tobacco plants and enriched their organic elements; chicken manure biochar organic fertilizer significantly improved the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. The combination of chicken manure and biochar was beneficial for improving the yield and quality of Shangluo flue-cured tobacco, among which N2 treatment [conventional fertilization+80 chicken manure/20 biochar (750 kg/hm²)] has the best effect on improving the growth and development of Shangluo flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of the application of corn straw biochar on the thermophysical properties of sierozem soil, the corn straw biochar with mass ratio of 0,1%, 3% and 5% were added to 100 g dried sierozem soil, and the effects of different applied amounts of corn stalk biochar on the physicochemical and thermophysical properties of sierozem soil were analyzed. The results showed that corn straw biochar could effectively improve the pH, organic matter content, porosity, water holding performance and cation exchange amount of sierozem soil, reduce soil bulk density, and thus enhance the fertility of sierozem soil; the higher the biochar application amount, the better the physicochemical properties of sierozem soil. Corn straw biochar could affect the thermophysical properties of soil, the heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of soil will decrease with the increase of biochar application. The thermophysical properties of sierozem soil were closely related to soil water content. In this study, besides the thermal diffusivity of BC500 was not significant (R²<0.95), and the others were significantly correlated with soil water content (R²≥0.95). The thermal capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of calcareous soil were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with biochar application, significantly positively correlated with soil bulk density, and extremely significantly positively correlated with soil water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the effect of different biochar dosages on the improvement of coastal saline alkali soil, five different biochar treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, respectively) were designed with soil fertility and physicochemical properties as the main indicators. The response law of soil pH, available nutrients, organic matter, organic carbon, profile salinity, bulk density and field water capacity under different treatments were observed. The results showed that soil pH, available nitrogen content, available potassium content and total nitrogen content all increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar dosages. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus, organic matter, and organic carbon content and the biochar dosage. The maximum increase in organic carbon in the topsoil was 1 times, and the increase in available phosphorus and organic matter content was 16. 3% and 14. 5%, respectively. The increase in the amount of biochar was beneficial for reducing the salt content in the 0-40 cm soil layer. At the end of the experiment, the maximum decrease in total salt content in the 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm soil layers was 14. 5% and 26. 3%, respectively. As the amount of biochar increases, the soil bulk density showed a decreasing trend, while the porosity showed an increasing trend. Compared with T0, the application of biochar increased field water capacity by 1. 8%-9. 1%, with the largest increase in field water capacity was found under T3 application. Based on soil fertility indicators, physicochemical indicators and resource usage, it is recommended to use the 15 t/ hm2 amount as the appropriate amount of biochar for saline alkali soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive phosphorus in water will seriously affect the growth of animals and plants・ How to effectively remove excessive phosphate in water is very important. Adsorption method is widely concerned because of its advantages of low cost and easy operation. Biochar is used as adsorbent because of its low cost and high stability・ Metal modification is an effective method to improve the adsorption of phosphate in water by biochar・ Based on the research results of phosphate adsorption by metal modified biochar at home and abroad in recent years, the influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of phosphate adsorption by metal modified biochar were summarized・ Provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address the problem of the low efficiency of lead(Pb) adsorption from wastewater by biochar, this study briefly describes the current adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of Pb adsorption by biochar・ Based on the different loading substances, the modification methods are categorized into organic compounds modification, nmetallic compounds modification, and metal compounds modification. The contributions of these different modification methods to the technological mechanism involved in Pb adsorption from wastewater by biochar are summarized emphatically・ It is clarified that the investigation of the adsorption mechanism is instructive for the selection of modification methods in the process of Pb adsorption from wastewater by biochar・ It is pointed out that researching two or more composite modification methods is the future trend, providing research ideas for the application of modified biochar in wastewater purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyrolysis characteristics and C02 gasification reactivity of biomass char and Shenmu coal were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer・ The kinetic characteristics of biomass char and Shenmu coal were fitted by shrinking core model (SCM), homogeneous model (HM) and traditional model (TM)・ The results show that the initial pyrolysis temperature of biochar is lower than that of Shenmu coal, and the pyrolysis weight loss rate is higher than that of Shenmu coaL Under the gasification temperature of 1 000 ~ 1 200 °C, the gasification rate of biochar and Shenmu coal coke increases with the increase of air temperature ・ Under the same gasification condition, the gasification rate of biochar coke is faster than Shenmu coal coke・ The activation energy of biochar coke is 60 ~ 66 kJ/mol, and that of Shenmu coal coke is 110 〜 128 kJ/mol respectively by fitting the trend of gasification reaction rate with the shrinking core model, homogeneous model and traditional mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the adsorption-desorption characteristics of tembotrione in four different types of soils using the oscillating equilibrium method, explored the primary factors influencing its adsorption properties, and assessed the impact of biochar addition on its adsorptive behavior. The experimental results indicated the following: Adsorption kinetic tests revealed that the adsorption equilibrium time for tembotrione in various soils was 24 hours. The adsorption thermodynamic tests showed that the Freundlich model could effectively fit the adsorption curves of tembotrione in all four soil types. The adsorption intensity of tembotrione in these soils followed the order: red soil > paddy soil black soil fluvo-aquic soil. Desorption tests demonstrated that the hysteresis coefficients (H) of tembotrione in different soils were all less than 1. The lower the soil pH value, the stronger the adsorption of tembotrione in the soil. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the content of organic matter and cation in the soil and the adsorptive properties of tembotrione. The adsorption capacity of tembotrione in the four different soil types ranged from 2.1 to 20.2 mg/kg. After the addition of rice husk biochar at varying ratios, the adsorption capacity increased to 8.3-21.0 mg/kg. This research provides a scientific basis for the rational and scientific use of tembotrione. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the effects of fertilization and biochar addition on soil respiration (Rs), environmental factors and vegetation index, and the effects of biotic factors and abiotic factors on soil respiration, and to provide the reference for the assessment of crop growth and carbon emission in farmland ecosystem. [Methods] In a sorghum-corn rotation agroecosystem of Taiyuan basin after a continuous 5-year (2011-2015) fertilization and biochar additon with 4 treatments (control: CK, biochar: B: inorganic fertilizer: INF and inorganic fertilizer + biochar: INF+B), based on periodic observations of Rs biological and abiotic factors for 2 consecutive years (2015-2016), we analyzed the effects of the 4 treatments on Rs and its relationship with biological and abiotic factors. [Results] (1) Compared with CK, B, INF and INF+B reduced soil temperature (2.8%~4.2%), and increased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration (4.5%~20.2%) and soil respiration rate (0.5%~8.8%), increased the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) by 1.5%~6.2%, difference vegetation index (DVI) by 0.7%~6.0%, normalized vegetation index (NDVI) by 1.2%~5.4%, respectively; but the influence on these factors did not reach a significant level (p>0.05). (2) The effects of B, INF and INF+B on Rs differed in different growth stages. B, INF and INF+B increased the Rs in the early growth stage, while the Rs of CK treatment was higher than that in other treatments (except B treatment in the grouting stage) (p<0.05) in the later growth stage, resulting in no significant difference in Rs among all treatments in the whole growing stage. (3) Among the three vegetation indices, the seasonal variation of DVI showed the highest interpretation of the seasonal variation in Rs at 75.5%. Soil temperature in 10 cm depth (T10) and soil moisture over 0-10 cm depth (W.) explained 30.8% and 20.1% of the seasonal variation of Rs, respectively. From the R² and AIC values, the three-factor model with T10, Ws and DVI as independent variables predicted the seasonal change of Rs well. [Conclusion] There was no significant difference in Rs between the four treatments in whole sorghum, and Rs did not increase by fertilization and biochar addition. The results provided the basis for the relationship between inorganic fertilizer and biochar application on soil carbon emission, soil improvement and crop growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of biochar replacing peat in the cultivation of Calendula officinalis. [Method] The pot experiment was conducted for 4 treatments of replacing 5% (BS5), 10% (BS10), 15% (BS15), and 20% (BS20) peat with biochar using a compound substrate of peat, perlite, and vermiculite as the control (CK). The changes in growth and ornamental characteristics of Calendula officinalis and their correlation with substrate properties were analyzed. [Result] The growth of Calendula officinalis was promoted and its ornamental characters were improved after partial replacement of peat with biochar. The shoot dry weight and root dry weight of BS5-BS20 treatments were 1.90-3.31 and 1.77-2.38 times higher than those of CK, respectively. The carotenoids contents of BS10-BS20 treatments were 1.76-6.90 times higher than those of CK. The membership function analysis showed that growth and ornamental characters of Calendula officinalis were the best under BS15 treatment. Adding biochar increased total porosity of the compound substrate by 4.14%-15.26% and increased contents of available phosphorus and potassium by 39.33%-148.68% and 335.07%-850.25%, respectively. The activities of sucrase, urease and phosphatase were increased by 12.86%-35.24%, 14.85%-65.24% and 18.95%-33.33%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that main physical and chemical factors affecting growth and ornamental characters of Calendula officinalis were available phosphorus, bulk density, and aeration pores. The main biological factors were phosphatase activity, urease activity, microbial biomass nitrogen, and fungi. [Conclusion] It was feasible to replace 5%-20% peat with biochar to cultivate Calendula officinalis. Biochar promoted the growth of Calendula officinalis and enhanced its ornamental value by improving physical, chemical and biological properties of the compound substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(Objective) The paper aimed to investigate the effects on carbon stability and carbon conversion of soil incorporated by straw and straw-derived biochar under different water conditions. (Method) The soil culture experiments were conducted to explore the concentration of soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), and the emission of CO2 and CH4, in which the soil was incorporated with equal amounts and straw or straw-derived biochar, respectively, and incubated at 60%, 100%, and alternating wet and dry conditions of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field. (Result) (i) After 60 days of incubation, equal carbon addition of straw and biochar increased soil organic carbon by 48.02% -53.91% and 31.55%-42.39%, respectively, and soil microbial carbon increased by 243. 20%-258.16% and 85.67% 101.09%, respectively, and the organic carbon loss rate was shown as straw treatment (29.27%-34.95%) > biochar treatment (12.25%-21.79%), and the cumulative emissions of CO2 and CH4 in straw treatment were 75.40%-398.43% and 1394.61%-3201.17% higher than those in biochar treatment, respectively, indicating that although straw could significantly increase the total organic carbon of the soil, at the same time, it stimulated the loss of organic carbon of the soil, and increased the emissions of CO2 and CH4, and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effect were smaller than that of biochar treatment. (ii) Soil water content significantly affected the soil organic carbon loss rate and carbon emission. The SOC loss rates of different exogenous carbon addition treatments all showed 60% of maximum water holding capacity (12.25% 29.29%) < dry-wet alternation(16.61%-29.27%) <100% of maximum water holding capacity (21.79% 34.95%). The cumulative CH4 emissions of straw treatment at 100% of maximum water holding capacity and the wet-dry alternation treatment were 200.96% and 139.35% higher than those at 60% water holding capacity, respectively, which were greater than those of CK. However, the effect of moisture on cumulative CH4 emission from biochar treatment was small, increasing by 36.26% and 20.31%, respectively, which was smaller than that of CK. This was due to the higher content of ROC of straw, and the promotion of CH4 emission resulting from 100% filed water holding capacity. [Conclusion] Compared with straw, biochar returning to field can improve SOC content and reduce the rate of soil carbon loss. At the same time, biochar can mitigate the influence of the difference in oxygen environment caused by soil water content on soil carbon patterns, and effectively reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions per unit mass of soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nanchang University (Engineering & Technology) is the property of Nanchang University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the effects of conventional biochar and acid modified biochar on water infiltration, with no biochar as the control (CK), 2 kinds of biochar with 3 additive amounts of 2%, 4% and 8% (mass fraction) were set up to conduct vertical one-dimensional water infiltration test. The dynamic changes of cumulative infiltration amount and wetting front migration were measured and discussed. The results showed that biochar increased the cumulative infiltration volume, shortened the wetting front transport time and improved the infiltration rate, and the larger the amount of biochar added, the more obvious the effect. Biochar improved the water holding capacity of coastal saline soils, and the effect of acid modified biochar on increasing the water content of shallow soil was more obvious. The one dimensional algebraic model was suitable for the water content of the tillage layer of coastal saline soil after the addition of biochar, and simulated the water distribution of the soil tillage layer after the infiltration test. Overall, the addition of 4% acid modified biochar was beneficial for improving the infiltration capacity and water holding characteristics of coastal saline soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biological nitrogen removal is the main method of nitrogen pollution removal in sewage treatment plants. It has the advantages of low carbon and low cost. For the low carbon nitrogen ratio wastewater represented by municipal sewage, how to strengthen the denitrification functional flora and stabilize the biological nitrogen removal efficiency remains to be studied. In this study, two kinds of biochar carriers with enhanced nitrogen removal function were prepared by acid and alkali modification. And the enhanced denitrification nitrogen removal process was established. The research results showed that the total nitrogen removal rate of the system after adding biochar was increased by 7.29%~29.51% compared with the system with? out adding biochar. The nitrogen removal efficiency of acid and alkali modified biochar was improved by 19.37% and 29.55%, respectively, compared with that of the unmodified biochar system. The maximum nitrogen removal rate of alkali modified biochar system was 59.76%. In terms of electron transfer activity and nitrite reductase activity, the alkali-modified biochar enhanced system increased by 91.8% and 47.1%, respectively, compared with the non-added biochar system. At the same time, the high-throughput sequencing results showed that 67.3% of the bacteria involved in denitrification in the alkali-modi? fied biochar system. Bacillus and Thauera with denitrification were the dominant strains in the alkali-modified biochar system. The alkali-modified biochar promoted the growth of denitrifying bacteria more than the acid-modified biochar. Therefore, the target regulation of denitrification and nitrogen removal ability was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Reducing chemical fertilizer use while increasing organic fertilization has been proposed as a solution to mitigate nonpoint source pollution and soil degradation caused by chemical fertilizers. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of this approach on yield, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in dryland areas of Shanxi Province. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023. The fertilization treatments were: 100% of chemical fertilization (NPK), reducing chemical fertilization by 40%, 30% and 20% combined with an application of biochar organic manure (SWC40, SWC30, SWC30), or an application of organic manure (JZ40, JZ30, JZ20), respectively. The control was no fertilization (CK). During the experiment, we measured the yield, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of the crop consecutively for three years. 【Result】 A rational combination of chemical fertilization reduction and organic fertilization not only significantly increased grain yield and aboveground biomass, but also improved nutrient uptake and accumulation, as well as nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with NPK, SWC40 increased grain yield by 14.69%, 9.88% and 25.62% in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, while no significant differences in these traits were found between JZ30 and NPK. In 2023, the cumulative uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the grains in SWC40 were 145.64, 38.30 and 38.07 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with NPK, SWC40 increased cumulative uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the grains by 38.36%, 56.14% and 46.59%, cumulative uptake of N, P and K in the aboveground part by 64.08%, 84.32% and 84.43%, reaching 311.79 kg/hm2, 69.49 kg/hm2 and 204.22 kg/hm2, respectively. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen contribution rate and nitrogen apparent utilization rate in SWC40 were 6.80 kg/kg, 15.64 kg/kg, 43.53% and 31.01%, respectively, significantly higher than those in NPK. 【Conclusion】 Reducing chemical fertilization combined with an application of biochar or organic manure was more effective in improving maize yield and nutrient accumulation than combined with fine organic manure. In particular, reducing chemical fertilization by 40% combined with biochar organic manure application was most effective, followed by reducing 30% of chemical fertilization combined with fine organic manure application.

【Objective】The research was conducted to explore the remediation effect of water regulation and biochar on farmland soil near mining areas and improve the safe use of farmland.【Method】Taking farmland soil near a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan as the research object, three water conditions: dry-wet alternation (G), flooding (Y) and natural moisture content (Z), and four biochar addition amounts of 0% (BC0, CK), 2.5% (BC1), 5.0% (BC2), and 7.5% (BC3) were set up. Through soil culture experiments, the effects of applying chicken manure biochar under different water regulation measures on the forms of Pb and Zn in heavy metal contaminated soil were studied.【Result】Under the three water conditions, the application of biochar could increase soil pH. The concentrations of water-soluble and exchangeable Pb and Zn in soil treated with biochar were significantly lower than that of CK, reducing the bioavailability of Pb and Zn. The mass fractions of oxidizable and residual Pb in soil treated with biochar increased, with ZBC2 treatment having the highest mass fractions of oxidizable and residual Pb, which were 64.58% and 25.06%, respectively. The mass fractions of residual Zn in soils under various treatments ranked as: dry-wet alternation > flooding > natural moisture content. Under different water conditions, the application of biochar significantly reduced the mass concentrations of TCLP-extracted Pb and Zn, both of which were far below the international limitation standards. Among them, the soil treated with GBC3 had the lowest concentration of TCLP-extracted Zn, which was 3.45 mg/L. The average mass fraction of Pb and Zn bioavailability by SGET method was lower than that by PBET method and SBET method, while the ZBC3 treatment by SGET method had the lowest mass fractions of Pb and Zn bioavailability, which were 0.43% and 0.27%.【Conclusion】The application of different amounts of biochar under three types of water regulation effectively passivated soil heavy metals Pb and Zn, reducing their harm to the soil environment. Under natural moisture content conditions, the application of high amounts of biochar (5.0%, 7.5%) had the best passivation effect on heavy metal Pb in soil; the optimal passivation effect of 7.5% biochar on heavy metal Zn in soil was observed under dry-wet alternation conditions.

[Objective] Biochar application can change soil physicochemical properties. The study of the effects of different biochar application methods on soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) distribution, which can provide basis for the scientific management of seasonally frozen soil. [Methods] The effects of different biochar application methods on soil liquid water content, temperature and EC during freezing period were studied by field experiment and long-term observation in black soil region of northeast. Biochar application methods included one-time biochar mixed application of 40 t/hm2(HO), biochar bottom application of 40 t/hm2(HE), and the blank was 0 t/hm2(CK). [Results] Both biochar application methods increased the mean soil liquid water content during the freezing period (p < 0.05), as HO > HE > CK. The application of biochar application significantly increased soil EC throughout the experimental cycle, and the average soil EC increased by 17.73% and 6.89% in the HO and HE treatments, respectively, compared to CK. The two biochar application methods had different effects on the soil temperature. Compared with CK, the mean soil temperature increased by 0.32 ℃ in the HE treatment, while the mean soil temperature decreased by 0.46 ℃ in the HO treatment. In addition, the HE treatment weakened the range of change in soil liquid water, temperature and EC during the freezing period compared to HO and CK treatments. [Conclusion] Both heterogeneous and homogeneous biochar application were beneficial to increase the liquid water content and EC of degraded black soil during freezing period. Especially heterogeneous biochar application was also beneficial to increase the soil temperature of the tillage layer during freezing period, homogeneous biochar application can also reduce the soil freezing during freezing effect during the same period. Both of the two biochar application modes may have an important impact on the soil moisture-salt transport and material transformation process during the freezing period, and even have an important effect on the spring emergence and early growth of crops.

Aquaculture tailwater with excessive phosphorous can easily lead to eutrophication of receiving water body. The existing treatment methods have disadvantages such as secondary pollution, high cost, and poor stability. Biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for phosphorus removal has been extensively studied, while basic data on the treatment of actual aquaculture tailwaters using biochar are lacking. Herein, four biochars, i.e., wood biochar(WBC), vancomycin fermentation residue biochar(VBC), eel manure biochar(MBC), and seawater-modified wood biochar(SBC), were prepared. Meanwhile, the phosphorus removal effects on three actual aquaculture tailwaters (freshwater, concentrated and marine tailwaters) were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus by the biochars increased with the increase of dosage. Among them, SBC exhibited the best adsorption performance, followed by VBC. WBC was less capable of removing phosphorus, while MBC could not adsorb but even release phosphorus. The adsorption of phosphate in three tailwaters by SBC reached equilibrium at 30-60 min with the removal rate of 76.78%-93.07%, while the removal rate of organic phosphorus was as low as 14%-17%. The kinetic data for different forms of phosphorus could be well fitted by the pseudo-second-order. The adsorption mechanism of phosphate by SBC primarily included ligand exchange and chemical precipitation. This study is expected to provide guidance for the treatment of actual phosphorus-containing wastewater by biochars and promotes biochars and modified biochars from basic research to practical application.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage patterns and biochar addition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and maize growth and development in farmland in the black soil area. [Methods] Through a field experiment, two tillage treatments (deep tillage and shallow tillage) and five biochar addition treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t/hm2) were set up to investigate the combined effects of different tillage patterns and biochar addition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus fractions, enzyme activities, and physiological characteristics of maize. [Results] (1) Deep tillage and shallow tillage in combination with biochar addition could effectively improve soil structure, increase the geometric mean diameter of agglomerates, and reduce the percentage of damage. The deep tillage treatment was more effective than the shallow tillage treatment. (2) The addition of biochar improved soil nitrogen-phosphorus fractions, urease activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity, and the effect of applying biochar at the rate of 9 t/hm2 was the best, which was more pronounced in the deep tillage treatment. (3) The application of biochar up to 9 t/hm2 under deep tillage treatment increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents and glutamine synthetase activity of leaves and decreased the acid phosphatase activity. (4) The yield of corn under deep tillage condition with the addition of 9 t/hm2 of biochar was as high as 17.37 t/hm2, which was increased by 28.9% compared with that of 0 of biochar. [Conclusion] The deep-tillage treatment and addition of 9 t/hm2 biochar provided a reference for the nutrient environment and crop growth in agricultural fields in the black soil area.

Reasonable regulation of electronic structures of heterogeneous composite catalysts can enhance the charge separation and transfer at the interface of materials, thus further promoting the catalytic performance of catalysts. Recently, peracetic acid〔CH3C(O)OOH, PAA〕 based on heterogeneous advanced oxidation process with biochar(BC) materials has attacked much interests due to various reactive oxygen species(ROS) generated in the process. In this study, biochar modified with Co(OH)2 nanoparticles(h-Co/BC) was successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method, which was applied to activate PAA for tetracycline(TC) degradation. The results showed that h-Co/BC could completely degrade TC with an initial concentration of 10 µmol/L within 7 min at pH 7. The scavenger quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) analysis further indicated that the produced primary ROS were alkoxy radical, which mainly including CH3COO·, CH3COOO·, ·OH and 1O2. In addition, materials characterizations combined with density functional theory calculation showed that biochar was successfully modified with Co(OH)2 nanoparticles. Thus, the Co 3d-band in h-Co/BC was closer to Fermi level compared with that in pure Co(OH)2, benefiting to directional electron transfer, which could then be easily captured by PAA for cleavage to ROS. This study provided a new method for synthesis of functional materials applied in PAA-based AOPs.

In this paper, biochar-supported bismuth iodide-oxidized composite catalyst(BC-BiOI) was prepared by hydrothermal method, and persulfate(PMS) was introduced into the system to couple photocatalysis and PMS advanced oxidation technology. The degradation effect of Enrofloxacin(ENR) by the light /BC-BiOI/PMS composite system was investigated, and the effect of reaction conditions on the removal of ENR was examined. The mechanism of ENR degradation in light/BC-BIOI/PMS system was studied. The best degradation effect of typical antibiotic ENR was determined by light /BC-BiOI/PMS system. Under the conditions of BC-BiOI dosage of 0.2 g/L, PMS dosage of 1.0 g/L, pH of 7, the degradation rate of ENR could reach 76%. The interaction among pH, BC-BiOI dosage and PMS dosage was analyzed by response surface methodology. The results indicated that the order of the effect of various factors on ENR degradation was initial pH>PMS dosage>BC-BiOI dosage. According to free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the main active oxidation species in the system were ·OH, SO4·-, and 1O2, which jointly oxidized and degraded ENR. In the reusability test, BC-BiOI photocatalysis composite material could still remain more than 65% removal rate of ENR after four cycles.

Biochar-based fertilizers can be prepared to mix or compound with the fertilizers and biochar as a carrier. The nutrients can also be provided for the crops. The function of slow-release to conventional fertilizers can also reduce the soil nutrient leaching, in order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. However, urea is normally used as the nitrogensupplying fertilizer in most biochar-based fertilizers at present. Only a few studies have reported on biochar-based fertilizers for ammonium sulphate. This study aims to investigate the effect of biochar addition on the nitrogen slow-release performance of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. Soil nitrogen loss and soil nutrient sequestration were determined by soil column leaching simulation. Fourier infrared (FIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to observe the surface morphology and structure of biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizer. A systematic investigation was made on the nitrogen loss of biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizers (BC-AS1/3, BC-AS1/4, BC-AS1/5) that were prepared under different charcoal-fertilizer ratios (the mass ratios of biochar to ammonium sulfate fertilizer were 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5). The results showed that: 1) Addition of biochar was effectively adsorbed the ammonium sulfate fertilizer, and then slowed down the nitrogen release rate of ammonium sulfate. According to the three charcoal-fertilizer ratios, the BC-AS1/4 treatment shared the smoothest and tightest surface structure, while the combination of biochar and ammonium sulfate had the best molding properties. 2) Compared with the conventional ammonium sulfate treatment AS, the different biochar-ammonium sulphate treatments significantly improved the soil water and fertilizer retention performance, but reduced the soil inorganic nitrogen leaching. Among them, the cumulative ammonium and nitrate nitrogen leaching of BC-AS1/4 treatment was reduced by 80.83% and 11.56%, respectively, compared with the AS treatment, which showed the smallest leaching rate and cumulative leaching amount, and the best slow-release effect. 3) Various treatments of biochar-ammonium sulphate significantly increased the soil nitrogen accumulation in the soil column, compared with the conventional AS treatment. Among them, the BC-AS1/4 treatment showed that the best nutrient sequestration increased nitrogen accumulation in the soil column, compared with the AS treatment. There was a significant increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil layers of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm compared with the AS treatment. 4) In the leaching test, the content of soil organic carbon in each soil layer was positively correlated with the soil's total nitrogen, quickacting potassium content, and soil conductivity. There was a positive correlation with the content of soil effective phosphorus in the 0-20 cm soil layer, whereas, a negative correlation was observed with the content of soil effective phosphorus in the 20-40 cm soil layer. The input of carbon in the biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizer effectively improved the nutrient-holding capacity of the soil. In conclusion, the biochar-ammonium sulfate fertilizer effectively slowed down the release rate of nitrogen nutrients, indicating better slow-release performance and soil nutrient-holding capacity. The nitrogen nutrient leaching was reduced to improve the fertilizer utilization for the less risk of environmental pollution. At the same time, the biocharammonium sulfate fertilizer can be applied to increase the content of soil organic carbon, holding nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, in order to cultivate the effect of fertility. Among them, the combination of biochar and ammonium sulphate performed the best, when the charcoal-fertilizer ratio was 1:4, indicating the best slow-release performance and fertilizer-building. It is of great significance to realize the efficient use of industrial by-product ammonium sulphate fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the improvement effect of biochar types and gradients on aeolian sandy soil, Elymus dahuricus was selected as the test crop, and charcoal, straw charcoal, peat were selected as the test improvers. Five different factors of field experiments (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kg / m² ) were set to study the changes in plant height, stem diameter and root system indicators of Elymus dahuricus at different growth stages under different treatments. The results showed that charcoal, straw charcoal and peat could promote the growth indexes of Elymus dahuricus. The plant height and stem diameter reached their maximum values at maturity, while the total root length, number of root tips and root diameter reached their maximum values at heading stage. The effects of charcoal T4 ( 4 kg / m² ), straw charcoal T5 ( 5 kg / m² ) and peat T4 (4 kg / m² ) on plant height and stem diameter of Elymus dahuricus were the most significant. The effects of charcoal T3 (3 kg / m² ), straw charcoal T5 (5 kg / m² ), and peat T4 (4 kg / m² ) on total root length, root tip number, and root diameter of Elymus dahuricus were the most significant. Plant height and stem diameter were positively correlated with total root length, root tip number and root diameter. The effect of biochar on promoting the growth and development of Elymus dahuricus was significant, of which the effect of charcoal T4 (4 kg / m² ) or T3 (3 kg / m² )+straw charcoal T5 (5 kg / m² )+peat T4 (4 kg / m² ) was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The research was conducted to explore the remediation effect of water regulation and biochar on farmland soil near mining areas and improve the safe use of farmland.【Method】Taking farmland soil near a lead-zinc mine in Yunnan as the research object, three water conditions: dry-wet alternation (G), flooding (Y) and natural moisture content (Z), and four biochar addition amounts of 0% (BC0, CK), 2.5% (BC1), 5.0% (BC2 ), and 7.5% (BC3 ) were set up. Through soil culture experiments, the effects of applying chicken manure biochar under different water regulation measures on the forms of Pb and Zn in heavy metal contaminated soil were studied.【Result】Under the three water conditions, the application of biochar could increase soil pH. The concentrations of water-soluble and exchangeable Pb and Zn in soil treated with biochar were significantly lower than that of CK, reducing the bioavailability of Pb and Zn. The mass fractions of oxidizable and residual Pb in soil treated with biochar increased, with ZBC2 treatment having the highest mass fractions of oxidizable and residual Pb, which were 64.58% and 25.06%, respectively. The mass fractions of residual Zn in soils under various treatments ranked as: dry-wet alternation > flooding > natural moisture content. Under different water conditions, the application of biochar significantly reduced the mass concentrations of TCLP-extracted Pb and Zn, both of which were far below the international limitation standards. Among them, the soil treated with GBC3 had the lowest concentration of TCLP-extracted Zn, which was 3.45 mg/L. The average mass fraction of Pb and Zn bioavailability by SGET method was lower than that by PBET method and SBET method, while the ZBC3 treatment by SGET method had the lowest mass fractions of Pb and Zn bioavailability, which were 0.43% and 0.27%.【Conclusion】The application of different amounts of biochar under three types of water regulation effectively passivated soil heavy metals Pb and Zn, reducing their harm to the soil environment. Under natural moisture content conditions, the application of high amounts of biochar (5.0%, 7.5%) had the best passivation effect on heavy metal Pb in soil; the optimal passivation effect of 7.5% biochar on heavy metal Zn in soil was observed under dry-wet alternation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the rapid development of the land-based aquaculture industry has led to an increase in aquatic product production, but it has also resulted in a significant accumulation of residual bait and feces. However, the high salt content in the residual bait feces from mariculture has hindered the establishment of an effective treatment method. In this study, biochar (BC700) was synthesized from mariculture residual bait feces and modified using various methods. The removal rates, adsorption kinetics, and removal mechanisms of different biochar on PO3-4, NO-3, NO-2 and NH+4 in water were studied. The results showed that the specific surface area of BC700 was significantly increased by alkali modification (39. 8% for biochar K), acid modification (88. 1% for biochar P), and metal loading modification (72. 9% for biochar Fe). All biochar is characterized by the presence of -OH and/or phenol, C-O, -CH3, aromatic C = O and C = C groups. The modification significantly enhanced the biochar 's ability to remove NH+4-N from water, with biochar Fe demonstrating the highest removal rates for PO3-4, NO-2 and NH+4. Different types of biochar adsorb PO3-4 and NH+4 through both physical and chemical processes, while the adsorption of NO-3 and NO-2 by biochar is primarily driven by chemical adsorption. This study offers a novel approach to the resource utilization of residual bait and feces from mariculture, thereby contributing to the green and sustainable advancement of the aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption effect of magnesium modified corncob biochar,steel slag powder and their combination on phosphorus-containing simulated wastewater was investigated. The results showed that the biochar produced by 5 g corncob powder modified by 10 mL of 1.5 mol/L MgCl2 in muffle furnace with pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C could adsorb phosphorus. The addition of steel slag powder and magnesium modified corncob biochar is composed of 14 g/L steel slag powder and 4 g/L magnesium modified corncob biochar. The adsorption effect of the combination of steel slag powder and magnesium modified corncob biochar on phosphorus was better than that of the combination of steel slag powder and magnesium modified corncob biochar, the removal rate was up to 98% and the adsorption reached equilibrium in 60 min, and the adsorption equilibrium time was shorter than that of the combination of the two materials. Combined dosage adsorption quasi-second-order adsorption kinetics model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation,the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity is 0. 12 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate the specific improvement effects of different additions of straw and biochar on the sloping arable land of purple soil, so as to provide theoretical references for the reasonable prevention and control of soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. [Methods] The effects of rice straw (4, 7, 10 t/hm²) and biochar (13,39,65 t/hm²) on sediment yield and nitrogen loss in purple soil slope were studied by artificial rainfall simulation method, with bare slope as the control. [Results] (1) Under the condition of high intensity rainfall, the mixture of biochar with purple soil accelerated the process of runoff production on slope, and the application of mixed straw could prolong the initial time of runoff production and reduce the rate of runoff production. (2) The cumulative sediment yield of purple soil increased by 0.64%~66.29% compared with the control group after adding biochar, but decreased by 42.58%~70.27% after adding mixed straw. The inhibitory effect of mixed straw on sediment yield on slope was much stronger than that on runoff yield on slope. (3) The nitrogen loss process in surface runoff was dominated by NO-3-N, and the overall loss moduli of TN, NO3-N and NH+4-N were the largest under biochar treatment, and the smallest under mixed straw treatment. [Conclusion] The application of crushed straw can promote seepage and inhibit flow, effectively control soil, water and nutrient loss in purple slope farmland, while the short-term application of biochar may have negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of endogenous biochar dissolved organic matter (BDOM) on the biological effects of tetracycline antibiotic contamination, this paper investigated the germination effect of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) on Chinese cabbage seeds in aqueous solution and soil medium, respectively, on the basis of which we explored the effects of TC on the germination rate and root elongation and shoot elongation of Chinese cabbage seeds after BDOM input. The results showed that there was a dose-effect relationship between root elongation inhibition and shoot elongation inhibition and the mass concentration of TC under the same pollution level, and that the inhibitory effect of TC on root elongation and shoot elongation was higher in aqueous solution than in soil, and that the inhibitory rate of root elongation was the best indicator to evaluate the ecotoxicity of TC; in both aqueous solution and soil medium, BDOM synergized with TC to promote the germination effect of Brassica napus seeds to a certain extent; in aqueous solution and soil medium, BDOM synergized with TC to promote the germination effect of BDOM. In both aqueous solution and soil medium, BDOM synergized with TC to promote seed germination of Chinese cabbage to a certain extent; in aqueous solution, BDOM could effectively alleviate the stress of TC and promote the elongation of shoots, while inhibiting the root elongation. In the soil medium, under TC stress, BDOM on cabbage root elongation low concentration to promote the effect of high concentration inhibition, the effect on the shoot elongation of the effect of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aging of biochar can affect its stability and persistence of heavy metals immobilizing in soil, resulting in changes in its inertness. Using peanut shell(PS) as raw material, peanut shell biochar (PSB) was prepared by pyrolysis under the condition of 600 °C and hypoxia. Oxidized biochar(OPSB), leached biochar(LPSB) and acidified biochar (APSB) were prepared Y by simulated field oxidation, leaching and acidification of PSB. The effects of these three aging methods on the adsorption efficiency and mechanisms of Cd2+ by the biochar were investigated using isothermal adsorption models, kinetic models, FT-IR and XRD. The results show that oxidative aging process an significantly enhance the accumulation of oxygen-containing functional groups (--COOH, --OH, etc.) on the surface of the biochar, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of OPSB for Cd2+ by 10.13%. Leaching aging process can not cause significant changes in functional group content but result in substantial loss of soluble minerals, leading to a significant decrease adsorption capacity of LPSB for Cd2+ by 13. 35%. Acidification aging process can affect the adsorptive activity of Cd2+ on the surface of the biochar, resulting in a reduction in adsorption capacity of APSB for Cd2+ by 26. 52%. All four types of biochar exhibite effective adsorption for Cd2+, the OPSB showing optimal affinity followed by PSB, LPSB, and APSB. The Langmuir isothermal adsorption model provides better fitting for describing the Cd2+ adsorption process by all four types of biochars under low pH conditions. Furthermore, the adsorptions processes by all four types of biochars are predominantly governed by physical electrostatic interactions, which is suitable to be described by quasi-first-order kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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