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Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare malignancy located primarily in infratentorial or subcortical areas with a poor prognosis, and rarely in the lateral ventricle with a very poor prognosis. So far, only 6 cases of AT/RT in lateral ventricle have been reported in China. This article reports the diagnosis and treatment of four children with AT/RT in the lateral ventricle, and discusses the clinical manifestations, differentiation and diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease through literature review, in order to improve clinicians' understanding of the disease and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Dragonfly network,proposed by Kim et al.,is a topology for high-performance computer systems.In dragonfly network,compute nodes are attached to switches,the switches are organized into groups,and the network is organized as a two-level clique.There is a link between any two nodes in a group,and there is a global link between different groups.Completely independent spanning trees(CISTs) play important roles in reliable information transmission,parallel transmission and safe distribution of information.In practical application,with the continuous increase of network scale,the requirements for information transmission efficiency and security are becoming higher and higher.Therefore,it is meaningful to study the construction of completely independent spanning trees in dragonfly network.At present,there are many results on completely independent spanning trees in networks,but completely independent spanning trees in dragonfly network have not been studied.In this paper,construction algorithm for the global link of dragonfly network is proposed,which is divided into completely independent spanning tree under re-lative link,absolute link and circulant link.Based on this division,a construction algorithm for the edge set of completely independent spanning tree is given,and the correctness of the above algorithms is proved.Finally,the time complexity of these algorithms is analyzed.

As the foundation of cloud computing technology,the communication performance of data center networks has become a research hotspot in recent years.And as an important infrastructure of data center networks,independent spanning trees(ISTs) attract much attention of researchers because of their application in reliable communication,fault-tolerant broadcasting and secure message distribution,and remarkable results have been obtained on some special networks.But only a few results are reported on the line graphs.A new server-centric network called BCDC was proposed in 2018.Its logic graph is the line graph of crossed cube and is (2n－2)-regular.In this paper,an algorithm is proposed to construct the independent spanning trees on BCDC.Firstly,2n－2 trees are constructed by a parallel algorithm on crossed cube.Then,connect these trees by a special rule,and transfer these trees into 2n－2 independent trees on BCDC through a way of transformation.Finally,the rest nodes of BCDC are connected to these trees by an algorithm which is proposed with time complexity O(N),where N is the number of nodes on BCDC.As a result,we will obtain 2n－2 ISTs rooted at node [ r,N(r,2)] on BCDC,where r is an arbitrary node in n dimensional crossed cube CQn.

The role of cell transplantation therapy and gene therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has attracted more and more attention. It has developed from laboratory research tools to clinical products for patients. The purpose of cell transplantation therapy in PD is to replace degenerated midbrain dopamine neurons and restore dopamine neurotransmission in the denervation of the nigrostriatal pathway. Gene therapy works by introducing genetic material to slow down the degeneration of dopamine neurons and restore dopaminergic signaling transduction. Using neurotrophic factor and delivery methods for neurotrophic factor have entered clinical trials. It can also intervene in the pathological process of α⁃synuclein (α⁃Syn) mediated neurodegeneration. This paper reviews the latest progress of cell transplantation therapy and gene therapy for PD, and looks forward to the future treatment strategies.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC) in neonates with bloody stool as the initial manifestation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 207 neonates with NEC (n=57; 27.5%) and FPIPC (n=150; 72.5%), who presented with bloody stool as the initial symptom and were treated in the outpatient clinic of our hospital between January 2018 and December 2018. The clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory test results, imaging findings, treatment and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results The neonates with FPIPC were more likely to have such clinical manifestations as diarrhea, fat globules in the feces and elevated peripheral blood eosinophil count than those with NEC (P < 0.05). The neonates with NEC often had disease onset at a younger age and were more likely to have abdominal distension, vomiting, fever, elevated C-reactive protein, white blood cells in the feces, pneumatosis intestinalis, and portal venous gas than those with FPIPC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In neonates admitted for bloody stool as the initial symptom, NEC often occurs at a younger age than FPIPC and is associated with a higher incidence of sepsis. The neonates with FPIPC often have more obvious elevation of eosinophil count, which can be accompanied by pneumatosis intestinalis or portal gas accumulation.

Objective To explore the surgical method and the efficacy of posterolateral approach combined with locking plate for treatment of posterior Pilon fracture with lateral malleolus fracture. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 59 patients with posterior Pilon fracture complicated by lateral malleolus fracture treated in our hospital from January, 2014 to January, 2018, including 33 male and 26 female patients aged 21-69 years (mean 46.8 years). Among these cases, the fractures resulted from sprains in 29 cases, falling in 21 cases and traffic accidents in 9 cases; the fractures occurred on the left side in 31 cases and on the right in 28 cases. According to YU Guangrong's classification, 19 patients had type Ⅰ, 24 had type Ⅱ and 16 had type Ⅲ fractures. All the patients underwent distal tibia posterior locking plate internal fixation through a combined posterolateral approach, and the postoperative complications, bone healing time and fracture reduction were recorded; the ankle function was assessed based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results The patients were followed up for 12 to 30 months (mean 18 months) after the operation. According to the Burwell-Charnley's criteria, anatomical reduction was achieved in 46 cases and good reduction in 9 cases, with an excellent and good reduction rate of 93.2%. The mean healing time of the fracture was 11 weeks (9-15.5 weeks). The mean VAS scores at rest, in motion and in weight bearing were 0.54, 0.77 and 1.31, respectively. The ankle function, as evaluated according to AOFAS scores, was excellent in 45 cases, good in 11 cases, and acceptable in 3 cases, with an excellent and good function rate of 94.9%. No such complications as infection, failure of internal fixation, nonunion or malunion occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion The posterolateral approach combined with the locking plate, which has a clear surgical approach to allow flexible operation and reliable fixation, can achieve satisfactory clinical effect for treatment of posterior Pilon fracture with lateral malleolus fracture and promotes early functional recovery.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and the factors influencing its prognosis. Methods Clinical data of 1 018 cases suffering from respiratory failure admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital during the year of 2017 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 204 cases were diagnosed as neonatal ARDS according to the Montreux definition. The clinical data of these 204 neonatal ARDS patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results ① There were 12 preterm infants (5.9%) with gestational age of 24 weeks to 27 weeks + 6 d, 49 preterm infants (24.0%) with gestational age of 28 weeks to 31 weeks + 6 d, 70 preterm infants (34.3%) with gestational age of 32 weeks to 36 weeks + 6 d, and 73 full-term infants (35.8%). The infants had an average birth weight of 2 260±898 g, with the male ratio of 62.3% (127 cases). Among them, 42 cases (20.7%) got 5 min Apgar score≤7 points. There were 94 cases (46.1%) suffering from sepsis, including 85 cases with early-onset sepsis. According to oxygen index, the 204 ARDS infants were assigned into mild (n=137, 67.2%), moderate (n=49, 24.0%) and severe (n=18, 8.8%) groups, and significant differences were seen in the ratio of non-invasive ventilation, time of assisted ventilation and length of hospital stay among the groups (P < 0.05). ② Among the 204 cases, 163 cases (79.9%) got improved or cured, and 41 cases (20.1%) were abandoned or dead. For different prognosis groups, univariate analysis found that gestational age, birth weight, and 5 min Apgar score were related to prognosis (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age was an independent influencing factor for neonatal ARDS prognosis. Conclusion Gestational age, birth weight and 5 min Apgar score are pivotal factors for the prognosis of neonatal ARDS.

Pallet is an important tool in transportation, and its production raw materials show a diversified development trend. In order to design the structure of discarded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) pallets, a static analysis was performed using ABAQUS. The pallet's structural parameters were used as variables, while the pallet mass and maximum stress were set as optimization objectives. An optimization experiment using DOE with ISIGHT was conducted to obtain a locally optimal solution. The DOE experimental results were fitted using a RBF model to obtain an approximate model. By applying the NSGA-II algorithm, the approximate model can be further optimized to achieve the optimal structure. The results showed that after optimizing through DOE, the pallet's mass increased by 9.2% and maximum stress decreased by 18.2%. Furthermore, after further optimization using the NSGA-II algorithm, the pallet's mass decreased by 1.2% and maximum stress decreased by 15.3%. Optimised design of the pallet structure was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure and sleep problems in adults. Methods This study included 5 337 participants from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Weighted logical regression model and weighted quartile sum (WQS) regression model were used to evaluate the association of blood VOCs with short sleep duration (SSD), difficulty in falling asleep, and sleep disorders in adults. Results After adjusting the confounding factors, blood benzene (OR = 1.120, 95%CI: 1.019-1.230, P = 0.02), 2,5- dimethylfuran (OR = 1.144, 95%CI: 1.043-1.254, P = 0.005), ethylbenzene (OR = 1.115, 95%CI: 1.025-1.211, P = 0.012), furan (OR = 1.271, 95%CI: 1.086-1.489, P = 0.004), and o-xylene (OR = 1.097, 95%CI: 1.006-1.198, P = 0.037) had a significant positive correlation with SDD. Secondly, 2,5-dimethylfuran (OR = 1.082, 95%CI: 1.008-1.161, P = 0.03) and furan (OR = 1.148, 95%CI: 1.002-1.315, P = 0.046) were positively correlated with difficulty in falling asleep. Subgroup analysis showed that the positive association between VOCs and SSD was consistent among different groups. WQS results showed that for every unit of increase, SSD risk increased by 25.4% (OR = 1.254, 95%CI: 1.009-1.559, P = 0.041). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between VOCs exposure and SSD in American adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), with the main manifestations of bloody stool, abdominal distension, and vomiting, is one of the leading causes of death in neonates, and early identification and diagnosis are crucial for the prognosis of NEC. The emergence and development of machine learning has provided the potential for early, rapid, and accurate identification of this disease. This article summarizes the algorithms of machine learning recently used in NEC, analyzes the high-risk predictive factors revealed by these algorithms, evaluates the ability and characteristics of machine learning in the etiology, definition, and diagnosis of NEC, and discusses the challenges and prospects for the future application of machine learning in NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For three unstable landslides of C area of Bayan Obo Iron Mine, with data of engineering geological exploration and rock mechanics test, the paper analyzed and calculated several measures for the secondary reinforcement including cutting slope, reinforcement by anchor cable and grouting by use of 5.5 edition of Lizheng soil analysis software and Canadian rock slope stability analysis software SLIDE5.0, and determined whether the secondary reinforcement measures are effective through the calculated safety factor. The analysis and calculation result showed that the secondary reinforcement measures can make safety factor of the most dangerous landslide to achieve 1.186, which meets requirement of designing safety factor of landslide's stability. At last, it proposed several notices about implementation of the secondary reinforcement measures.

Objective To evaluate the short-term outcome of patients with complex vertebral fractures treated with teriparatidc combined with minimal invasive operation, and to investigate the indication and safety of teriparatide in the treatment of severe osteoporosis. Methods All the 16 patients included in this study were female, aging from 72 to 86 years old, with an average age of 78.5 years old. The patients had multiple vertebral fractures or fractures more than once in the same vertebra. The result of bone mineral density (BMD) detection suggested the existence of severe osteoporosis. All the patients were treated with 6-month teriparatide (20ug/day, subcutaneous injection) combined with minimal invasive operation. The changes of pain, BMD, and bone metabolism before surgery, 3 months after the operation, and 6 months followed up were observed and compared. The adverse events were also recorded. Results The pain in all patients had relieved to different extent after the operation (P < 0.01). After 6^nonth treatment of teriparatide, no fresh vertebral fracture occurred, and BMD of the lumbar vertebrae increased significantly than that before the operation (P < 0.05). The serum levels of OC and tPINP increased significantly compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.05), while no significant difference of β-CTX before and after the treatment was observed (P > 0.05). Three patients had limb pain at the early stage after injection, and quickly relieved after symptomatic treatment. There was no other adverse reaction. Conclusion Teriparatide combined with minimal invasive operation has been proven as a safe and effective method for the treatment of complex vertebral fractures with severe osteoporosis. The recurrence risk of vertebral fractures reduces obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the long history of auto/biography, biographical research in social sciences is fairly a recent thing. There has been a major turn towards biographical approaches in social science (especially in sociology) since the 1980s. Used by Chicago School in the 1920s - 1930s, biographical sociology has been supplemented and enlarged ever since. It explores the interplay of biography, culture, and history, and represents the sociological imagination promoted by Wright Mills. The turn, generally speaking, is a reaction against the positivistic domination grounded in social research, emphasizing the role of individual subjectivity and human agency in social life. The turn tries to overcome a series of dualisms or dichotomies inherent in traditional sociological theories. It intends to guide sociologists to rethink about the conceptual framework, topics of enquiry, and also the procedures and practices at the heart of sociology and other social sciences. However, this emergent turn remains controversial. Pierre Bourdieu even denounces it as an illusion. Despite this, biographical sociology will claim a bigger place in academic research with the coming of so-called "the age of biography". For its further growth, biographical sociology needs to develop its own framework, referring to classic sociological theories, and also to advance its capability of producing original knowledge about social structure and process from the study of individual life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantitatively study the operating efficiency of right-turning vehicles at signalized intersection, a travel time model was established on the basis of gap theory and queue theory, which was under the assumption that the straight flow of non-motor headway followed the combined negative exponential distribution and right-turning flow headway followed the negative exponential distribution. Comparison was clone by field observation data, and the reasons of the results were analyzed and the applicability of the model was set up. Three significant factors can exert apparent effects on travel time, involving right-turning flow rate, following car headway and critical gap. The travel time model of fight-turning vehicles at intersection established in this paper is efficient, practical and with strong applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data surveyed in five cities (or counties) of Jiangsu province, our research gives a description of the situation and mode of migrant workers' participation in the endowment insurance program and explains such modifying factors as the individual features, the reasons for seeking job by migration, the income, mobility, institutional arrangement, and the desire for the settlement in cities. The result shows that the current low ratio of endowment insurance participation is caused by the institutional hindrance, which includes paying the fees too long and difficulties in transferring the insurance. Among the individual factors, gender and age are more significant than the factor of education level. However, the mobility among cities exerts a significant influence on migrant workers' participating behavior, which strongly suggests the difficulties of insurance transference and their low trust in the program. The individual features of the migrant workers have largely formed before they enter the cities and their high mobility is also a fact, so it relies on the removal of institutional barrier to raise the ratio of migrant workers' participation in the insurance program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll-like receptors are the most important pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity, which play a key role in activating immune response via recognizing pathogens during infection. Recently, it has been found that Toll-like receptors play a regulatory role in the development of various cancers. Evidences show that Toll-like receptors are expressed in cancer cells, and proinflammatory response induced by Toll-like receptor signaling is necessary for cancer development. However, certain ligands for Toll-like receptors show strong anti-tumor activity. Nowadays, the mechanism of Toll-like receptors in tumor immunology has become a critical factor in targeting on Toll-like receptors for clinical application. In this article, we reviewed recently reported studies on the mechanism of Toll-like receptors in tumor immunology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical manifestations of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in neonates are non-specific and involve multiple organ systems. CMPA may also adversely affect physical growth and central nervous system development in neonates, lead to functional disorders, and increase anxiety and stress among family members. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods, the diagnosis and management of CMPA in neonates continue to pose significant clinical challenges. To facilitate standardized diagnosis and treatment of CMPA in neonates, the Neonatology Group of the Pediatric Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Pediatrics have jointly developed the "Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Cow's Milk Protein Allergy (2023)". This article presents and interprets the key points of the consensus regarding dietary and nutritional management of CMPA in neonates.

The awake prone position plays an important role in the treatment of hypoxemia and the improvement of respiratory distress symptoms in non-intubated patients. It is widely used in clinical practice because of its simple operation, safety, and economy. To enable clinical medical staff to scientifically and normatively implement prone position for awake patients without intubation, the committees of consensus formulation, guided by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method, conducted literature search, literature quality evaluation and evidence synthesis around seven topics, including indications and contraindications, evaluation, implementation, monitoring and safety management, termination time, complication prevention and health education of awake prone position. After two rounds of expert letter consultation, Expert consensus on implementation strategy of awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients in China (2023) was formulated, and provide guidance for clinical medical staff.

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) has gained increased attention because of its high peak capacity for separating complex samples. However, preparative 2D-LC aimed at isolating compounds is significantly different compared with one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC) in terms of method development and system configuration; thus, it is less developed than its analytical counterpart. The use of 2D-LC in large-scale product preparation has rarely been reported. Hence, a preparative 2D-LC system was developed in this study. The system was composed of one set of preparative LC modules as a separation system, with a dilution pump, switch valves, and trap column array as the interface, to enable the simultaneous isolation of several compounds. Tobacco was used as a sample, and the developed system was applied to isolate nicotine, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and solanesol. The chromatographic conditions were developed by investigating the trapping efficiency of different types of trap column packings, and chromatographic behaviors under different overload conditions. The four compounds were isolated in one 2D-LC run with high purity. The developed system features low cost because it employs medium-pressure isolation, excellent automation owing to its use of an online column switch, high stability, and capability for large-scale production. The isolation of chemicals from tobacco leaves as pharmaceutical raw materials could aid in the development of the tobacco industry and promote the local agricultural economy.

Objectives: To study the effect of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) of group B streptococcus (GBS) infection on the incidence and bacteriological profile of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 494 pregnant women with positive GBS screening results and 526 neonates born by these women. According to whether the pregnant woman received IAP, the neonates were divided into two groups: IAP ( n =304) and control ( n =222). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical indices, incidence rate of EONS, and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture., Results: Compared with the control group, the IAP group had a significantly lower proportion of children with abnormal clinical manifestations ( P <0.001) and a significantly lower incidence rate of EONS ( P =0.022). In the IAP group, Escherichia coli (2.3%) was the most common type of pathogenic bacteria in blood culture of the neonates with EONS, while GBS (3.2%) was the most common type of pathogenic bacteria in the control group. The IAP group had a significantly higher detection rate of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli than the control group ( P =0.029)., Conclusions: Although IAP can significantly reduce the incidence rate of EONS in neonates born to pregnant women with positive GBS screening results, the infection rate of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli may increase after IAP treatment. Therefore, it is needed to enhance the monitoring of blood culture results of neonates with EONS and timely adjust treatment plan according to drug susceptibility test results.

Enteral nutrition plays an irreplaceable role in the nutritional treatment of critically ill patients. In order to help clinical medical staff to manage the common complications during the implementations of enteral nutrition for critically ill patients, the consensus writing team carried out literature retrieval, literature quality evaluation, evidence synthesis. Several topics such as diarrhea, aspiration, high gastric residual volume, abdominal distension, etc. were assessed by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method. After two rounds of expert investigations, Expert consensus on prevention and management of enteral nutrition therapy complications for critically ill patients in China (2021 edition) developed, and provided guidance for clinical medical staff.

According to the classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019 by the national competent authority, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E) was infected in a mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome, so as to build the human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome model. The model can simulate the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnosis and Treatment Program(the sixth edition for trial). Specific steps were as follows. ABALB/c mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome was established, based on which, HCoV-229 E virus was infected; then the experiment was divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), high-dose Chaiyin Particles group(8.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose Chaiyin Particles group(4.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). On the day of infection, Chaiyin Particles was given for three consecutive days. Lung tissues were collected the day after the last dose, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted, and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated, and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ contents were detected by ELISA. High and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced the lung index(P&lt;0.01) of mice of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 61.02% and 55.45%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, high and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01), and reduced IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lungs(P&lt;0.01). In vitro results showed that TC&#95;(50), TC&#95;0, IC&#95;(50) and TI of Chaiyin Particles were 4.46 mg·mL~(-1), 3.13 mg·mL~(-1), 1.12 mg·mL~(-1) and 4. The control group of in vitro culture cells had no HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid expression. The expression of HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid in the virus control group was 1.48×10~7 copies/mL, and Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced HCoV-229 E expression at doses of 3.13 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), and the expression of HCoV-229 E nucleic acid was 9.47×10~5 and 9.47×10~6 copies/mL, respectively. Chaiyin Particles has a better effect on the mouse model with human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and could play a role by enhancing immunity, and reducing inflammatory factor expression.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid recommended by Provincial Novel Coronary Virus Pneumonia Treatment Scheme on the treatment of BALB/c mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome and to explore its clinical application in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to provide laboratory data support for clinical Chinese medicine. According to the classification of syndromes of novel coronavirus pneumonia by the national competent department of traditional Chinese medicine, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E)-infected mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome can be used to study human coronavirus pneumonia combined with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome model. This model is suitable for simulating traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment program(trial implementation of the sixth edition). Specific steps are as follows. BALB/c mice of cold and dampness syndrome is infected with HCoV-229 E virus, and were divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), and Compound Qilan Oral Liquid high dose group(22 mL·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) and low dose group(11 mL·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). On the day of infection, the Compound Qilan Oral Liquid was administered for three consecutive days. On the last dosing day, the lung tissue was dissected, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted and the contents of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected by ELISA. Serum was separated and the contents of gastrin(GAS) and motilin(MTL) were detected by ELISA. Histopathological analysis was performed with lung tissue. The high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 59.01% and 47.72%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, the high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced lung tissue viral load(P<0.01), increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+ T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.01), reduced serum motilin content(P<0.01), reduced IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lungs(P<0.01) and reduced lung tissue inflammation. Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid has a better effect on the mouse model with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, which may attribute to its function of in virus replication inhibition, gastrointestinal function improvement, immunity enhancement, and inflammatory factor reduction.

In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in neonates especially in preterm infants. It is also the main reason leading to a poor prognosis. The prognosis of the neonates with BPD is unsatisfactory with current treatment strategies. Recent clinical trails have found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation might be effective and promising for treatment of BPD in neonates. This article outlines the characteristics of MSC and the potential mechanisms of MSC transplantation for BPD in vivo, and the safety and feasibility of MSC transplantation in BPD neonates, as well as the challenges in clinical trials on MSC transplantation for treatment of BPD.

Objective: To analyze the difference of liver enzymes in different metabolism state groups of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)., Methods: We use prospective cross-sectional study to analyze the difference of liver enzymes in different metabolism state groups in 110 cases of CHB, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glutamyl transferase (GGT)., Results: Regardless of the presence or absence of fatty liver, the levels of ALP and GGT were increased along with the deterioration of glucose metabolism ( P <0.05).The levels of ALP and GGT in the presence of fatty liver group were higher than those in the absence of fatty liver group ( P <0.05). The levels of AST, ALP and GGT showed the trend of increasing along with the increase of HOMA-IR and the decrease of HOMA-β. There was no difference of liver enzymes among the groups with or without other metabolism disorder ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: In CHB, abnormal glucose metabolism and fatty liver can lead to the increase of ALP and GGT. The increase of HOMA-IR and the decrease of HOMA-β may lead to the increase of AST, ALP and GGT. Other metabolism disorder did not show any effect on the level of liver enzymes.

Breast milk is considered ideal food for premature infants, but it can also be the main source of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in premature infants. CMV infection may cause serious clinical symptoms, such as sepsis-like syndrome, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, jaundice, hepatitis, and pneumonitis. This article reviews the research advances in symptoms, treatment strategies, prognosis and the prevention of breast milk-acquired CMV infection in premature infants.

Objective: To determine the role of Th1 / Th2 cytokines in lung tissue of experimental silicotic rat., Methods: 84 healthy SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into silica exposure group and control group. Silica suspension at 1 m L( 100 mg / m L) was administrated once by injection of non-exposure bronchus while equal amount of saline was instilled to the rats in control group, rats were sacrificed at 1~(st) day, 1~(st), 2~(th), 3~(th), 6~(th), 9~(th) and 12 ~(th) week after instillation. Cytokines in lung tissue were detected by ELISA., Results: Compared with healthy control, the levels of TNF-α was increased at each point in silica exposure group( P < 0. 05). The IFN-γ in silica exposure group was increased in 1~(st) day, 1~(st) and 2~(th) week( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference about IL-18 between silica exposure group and control group. The IL-4 in silica exposure group was decreased in 1~(st)week, and increased in 9thweek and 12~(th) week( P < 0. 05). The IL-10 in silica exposure group increased in 6~(th) and 9~(th) week( P < 0. 05). The ratio of Th1 / Th2 of silica exposure group was increased in 1~(st)day, 1~(st)and 2~(th) week( P < 0. 05)., Conclusion: The expression of Th1 cytokines are kept at a high level, Th2 cytokines decrease firstly and increase subsequently. Differential expressions of cytokines play an important role in development of silicosis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of initiative and passive perioperative function exercises on hidden blood loss (HBL)., Methods: Two hundreds and thirty elderly patients with hip fractures aging from 67 to 87 years (average age of 73.6 years) who underwent total hip replacement were included. By the intensity and the manner of perioperative function exercises, patients were divided into four groups: little initiative function exercises group (group A, n=51), little initiative and passive function exercises group (group B, n=54), normal initiative function exercises group (group C, n=65), normal initiative and passive function exercises group (group D, n=60). The true total blood loss, HBL and their proportion on the original blood volume and total blood loss was calculated depending on height, weight, intra-operative blood loss, post-operative blood loss, pre- and post-operative hematocrit, and blood transfused. According to the proportion of mean HBL on total blood loss, patients were divided into low HBL group and high HBL group. The data were analyzed by t test., Results: The mean HBL was 517 ml, 41.9% of the total blood loss. Thereinto, the mean HBL was 695 ml in group A, 49.3% of the total blood loss, the prevalence of high HBL was 66.7% (34/51); the mean HBL was 625 ml in group B, 46.9% of the total blood loss, the prevalence of high HBL was 59.3% (32/54); the mean HBL was 446 ml in group C, 38.4% of the total blood loss, the prevalence of high HBL was 30.8% (20/65); the mean HBL was 346 ml in group D, 32.3% of the total blood loss, the prevalence of high HBL was 20.0% (12/60). Mean HBL, mean HBL/total blood loss, prevalence of high HBL were lower in group C than that in group A and group B (all P<0.05); and were lower in group D than that in group C (all P<0.05). The prevalence was 57.4% (132 cases) in low HBL group, and 42.6% (98 cases) in high HBL. The proportion of little initiative function exercises patients in high HBL group was obviously higher than that in low HBL group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The intensity and the manner of perioperative function exercises are strongly associated with the HBL in elderly patients with total hip replacement. The initiative combined with the passive function exercises could be effectively prevent and reduce the incidence of high HBL.

The traditional method of measuring arterial oxygen saturation is that R value, the ratio of alternating component of the logarithmic photoplethysmography, is firstly computed and then the linear regression model is established by experiment. The R value computation is a dimension reduction process based on Lambert-beer law, which aims at eliminating the influence of optical path and minimizing the impact of individual differences. When taking scattering into consideration, the dimension reduction process loses information, introduces the system error and limits the precision of measurement. In order to reduce the measurement error resulting from the scattering effects, this paper presents a new method that the peak and valley values of dual-wavelength logarithmic photoplethysmography waves are used as the independent variables to develop a linear regression model to predict the arterial oxygen saturation. During the experiment, the in-vivo measurements were carried out on 23 healthy volunteer and 133 samples of photoplethysmography waves and the reference value of oxygen saturation were recorded. To compare the predictive performance between the new method and the R value method, 90 samples were randomly selected as modeling sets and the remaining 43 samples were used as prediction sets. Random selection of modeling sets and prediction are executed 10 times. The average related coefficients of the prediction sets of the new method and the R value method are 0.890 6 and 0.846 8, and the average root mean square errors are 0.889 6% and 1.037 3% respectively. Results indicate that the performance of the new method is better than the one of the R value method, and the predictivemodel based on 4 parameters can improve the stability and accuracy of measurement. And the new method has guiding significance to the measurement of human body's blood physiological information based on limited wavelength spectrum data.

Objective: To study the relationship between fibrotic focus (FF) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast., Methods: In 167 cases of IDC, the FF was assessed morphologically, and expression of ER, PR and CA IX was evaluated using MaxVision immunohistochemistry., Results: The expression of CA IX in IDC with and without FF was 56.3% (45/80) and 28.7% (25/87) respectively, with significant difference (P=0.001). In IDC with FF, the CA IX expression of tumor cells in tumors with CA IX-positive fibroblasts (35/40, 87.5%) was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that in tumors with CA IX-negative fibroblasts (10/40, 25.0%). In IDC with FF, the CA IX expression of fibroblasts of FF in grade 3 IDC (23/33, 69.7%) was significantly (P=0.006) higher than that in grade 1+2 tumors (17/47, 36.2%). The ER and PR expression of tumor cells in tumors containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts was 72.5% (29/40) and 65.0% (26/40) respectively, whereas the ER and PR expression of tumor cells in tumors containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts was 50.0% (20/40) and 42.5% (17/40) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (for both ER and PR, P=0.04). The age of patients with tumors containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts was significantly (P=0.002) older than those containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts. The FF diameter/tumor diameter in tumors containing CA IX-positive fibroblasts was significantly larger than those containing CA IX-negative fibroblasts. (3) For the groups of tumor size≤2 cm and tumor size between 2 cm to 5 cm, the diameter of the fibrotic focus was significantly (P<0.01) smaller than the fibrotic focus size of tumors>5 cm in size., Conclusions: CA IX expression is correlated with FF, and that in fibroblasts of FF correlated with patients' age, tumor grade, hormone receptors and FF diameter/tumor diameter. CA IX expression in FF might be a marker for poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To explore the prognostic value of arterial blood lactate ( Lac ) levels and lactate clearance rate ( LCR ) in the patients with septic shock., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Clinical data of 94 septic patients admitted in the Department of Critical Care Medicine in Subei People's Hospital from January 2011 to June 2014 were analyzed. The arterial blood Lac levels at the moment of diagnosis of septic shock ( incipient value, 0 hour ) and early-stage after treatment ( 3, 6 and 24 hours ) were reviewed, and individual LCR was calculated at 3, 6, 24 hours for each patient. According to the outcome in intensive care unit ( ICU ), patients were divided into survival group ( n = 48 ) and death group ( n = 46 ). The Lac and LCR at different time points in two groups were analyzed, and the relationships between them and outcome were analyzed. The receiver-operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve was plotted to assess the value of Lac and LCR at different time points for predicting the outcome., Results: Lac level after treatment in survival group was significantly lower than incipient value, but there was no obvious change in death group. Compared with death group, early Lac levels ( mmol/L ) in survival group were significantly reduced ( 0 hour: 3.80±2.14 vs. 5.75±3.21, 3 hours: 2.05±1.04 vs. 5.03±2.53, 6 hours: 1.80±0.77 vs. 4.40±2.02, 24 hours: 1.35±0.43 vs. 4.90±2.72, P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), the LCR was significantly increased [ 3 hours: 50.00 ( 72.35 )% vs. 13.51 ( 20.67 )%, 6 hours: 41.43 ( 58.42 )% vs. 22.00 ( 22.31 )%, 24 hours: 58.73 ( 29.94 )% vs. 18.92 ( 47.28 )%, P<0.05 or P<0.01 ]. The Lac levels at all time points were positively correlated with the outcome, and 6-hour and 24-hour LCR were negatively correlated with the outcome. According to the incipient Lac level, patients were divided into low Lac group ( Lac<2 mmol/L ), mild Lac group ( Lac 2-3 mmol/L ) and high Lac group ( Lac ≥ 4 mmol/L ). The mortality in low Lac group, mild Lac group, high Lac group was gradually increased [ 23.07% ( 6/26 ), 50.00% ( 8/16 ), 61.54% ( 32/52 ), χ(2) = 10.270, P = 0.006 ]. ROC curves demonstrated that the area under ROC curve ( AUC ) of 24-hour Lac was the largest, 0.944, and it was more sensitive and specific in the prognosis evaluation ( 100% and 78.3%, respectively ). According to the cut-off value of 24-hour Lac as 2.35 mmol/L, patients were divided into high Lac and low Lac groups, and mortality rate in high Lac group was significantly higher than that in low Lac group [ 100.0% ( 36/36 ) vs. 17.24% ( 10/58 ), χ(2) = 30.441,P = 0.000 ]. The AUC of 24-hour LCR was the largest, 0.865, and it was more sensitive and specific for the prognosis evaluation ( 83.3% and 91.3%, respectively ). According to the cut-off value of 24-hour LCR as 36.8%, patients were divided into high LCR group and low LCR group, and mortality rate in low LCR group was significantly higher than that in high LCR group [ 84.00% ( 42/50 ) vs. 9.09% ( 4/44 ), χ(2) = 26.278, P = 0.000 ]., Conclusions: Early high Lac in patients with septic shock prompts a poor prognosis, and 24-hour Lac levels and LCR are indicators of assessment of clinical therapeutic effect and prognosis of patients with septic shock.

Objective: To determine the role of serum VEGF-Ab in pneumoconiosis of coal workers., Methods: Four groups of participants were recruited for this study, including 230 with early stage (less serious than stage one) changes in relation to pneumoconiosis, 328 with confirmed coal worker pneumoconiosis, 309 workers exposed to coal dust, and 393 healthy people. All participants completed a questionnaire, and have their peripheral venous blood sample taken. Serum VEGF-Ab was detected by ELISA., Results: Compared with healthy controls and those with early stage changes, the participants with pneumoconiosis and those exposed to coal dust had higher levels of serum VEGF-Ab (P < 0.05). The level of serum VEGF-Ab increased with the progression of stages of pneumoconiosis but without statistical significance (P > 0.05). In those with early stage pneumoconiosis, higher levels of serum VEGF-Ab were found in their 20 yr. - and 40 yr. - compared with those in their 60 yr. - (P < 0.05). By contrast, in those with confirmed pneumoconiosis and the healthy controls, lower levels of serum VEGF-Ab were found in their 20 yr. - and 40 yr. - compared with those in their 60 yr. - (P < 0.05). In those with early stage or first-stage pneumoconiosis, longer than 25 years work experience was associated with higher levels of serum VEGF-Ahb (P < 0.05). In those with confirmed pneumoconiosis, coal mining workers had a higher level of serum VEGF-Ab than their colleagues involving in assistance tasks (P < 0.05). In those exposed to coal dust, tunnelling workers had a higher level of serum VEGF-Ab than their coal mining colleagues (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Serum VEGF-Ab is associated with the occurrence and development of coal worker pneumoconiosis. The level of serum VEGF-Ab increases with age and length of exposure to dust.

Objective: To evaluate the short and middle-term efficacies of endovascular repair for isolated iliac artery aneurysms (IIAAs)., Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed for the clinical and follow-up data of 27 patients undergoing endovascular repair at Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2008 to December 2012. For asymptomatic aneurysms, repair criterion was a diameter over 3 cm while under 3 cm for symptomatic aneurysms., Results: There were 19 asymptomatic and 8 symptomatic cases. And 25 selective and 2 emergent operations were performed. The interventions included endovascular stent grafts (n = 17), coil embolization (n = 1), both stent grafts and coils (n = 7) and hybrid operations (n = 2). Technical success was achieved in all cases. No delayed healing or infection of inguinal access sites occurred. In-stent thrombosis could be observed in 2 cases. Buttock claudication was observed in one case. Sexual dysfunction occurred in three cases. Endoleaks were confirmed by intraoperative digital subtraction angiography in three cases. There was no occurrence of colorectal ischemia or postoperative aneurysmal rupture. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 33 ± 18 months. One patient died of recurrent renal cell carcinoma., Conclusion: Endovascular repair of isolated iliac artery aneurysms provides good short and middle-term patency. It may become a first-choice for treating isolated iliac artery aneurysms in the future.