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Objective To compare the clinical effects of arthroscopically-assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and open reduction and internal fixation surgery (ORIF) in the treatment of posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures. MethodsSeventy patients with posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures in the Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively selected and divided into ARIF group (with ERAS, n＝32) and ORIF group (without ERAS, n＝38) according to the treatment methods. All patients were evaluated for fracture type by imaging examination after admission. The operation time, length of hospital stay, early postoperative pain score (evaluated by visual analogue scale [VAS]), knee joint function (evaluated by hospital for special surgery [HSS] scale) at 3 months and thigh circumference difference at 6 months postoperatively were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe operation time in the ARIF group was significantly shorter than that in the ORIF group ([67.84±9.89] min vs [85.16±9.18] min, P＜0.001), and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the ARIF group ([7.13±1.41] d vs [8.74±1.84] d, P＜0.001). On the third day after operation, the VAS score in the ARIF group was significantly lower than that in the ORIF group ([4.00±1.44] vs [5.39±1.24], P＜0.001). ARIF group had better joint function than ORIF group 3 months after operation, and the difference of 10 cm thigh circumference on patella in ARIF group was smaller than that in ORIF group 6 months after operation. ConclusionsCompared to ORIF, patients with posterior lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with ARIF combined with ERAS showed faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospital stay, and more precise clinical efficacy.

The Moon and Mars are adjacent to Earth and are starting stations for human exploration of the Universe. An in-depth study of the lithospheric structure of the Moon and Mars can reveal the composition and structure of their crust and mantle systems and deepen our understanding of their origins and thermal evolution histories, providing essential references for studies of Earth's origin and evolution. With the vigorous international development of deep space exploration in recent years, the accuracy and resolution of gravity field models for the Moon and Mars have increased. Significant scientific advances have been made in the studies of lunar and Martian lithospheric structures based on gravity data. This article briefly introduces exploration plans and gravity field models for the Moon and Mars and elaborates on achievements in the lithospheric structures of the Moon and Mars by applying their gravity fields. Finally, we present a summary and outlook on research into the lithospheric structures of the Moon and Mars. Methods to overcome uncertainties in gravitational fields for studying the lithospheric structures of the Moon and Mars have been proposed. We hope that this review can assist in promoting gravity exploration on the Moon and Mars and research into their lithospheric structures.

To solve the problems of low accuracy, slow detection speed, and difficulty in deploying model parameters in surface defect detection of continuous casting production process, a lightweight surface defect detection algorithm YOLOv7-TSCR that integrates heavy parameterization and attention mechanism was proposed. Firstly, based on the Mish and SiLU activation functions and the SimAM attention mechanism, an improved high-efficiency layer aggregation module ELAN-S was constructed to effectively enhance the extraction of multi-scale defect features. Secondly, the C2f_RG module was designed to improve the feature fusion network, reducing the number of parameters while obtaining richer gradient flow information and enhancing feature fusion capabilities. Finally, based on the collected defect images from actual production, a dataset of casting defects was constructed and validated. The results show that YOLOv7-TSCR has significantly improved detection performance compared to other network models；With a reduced number of model parameters, the accuracy reaches 93.5%, the average accuracy increasesby 2.8%, and the detection speed reaches 120 FPS; The generalization comparison experiment on the NEU-DET public dataset proves that the algorithm has strong generalization. On the basis of ensuring high detection accuracy, the improved algorithm has a fast detection speed and a small number of parameters, which provides a technical reference for the efficient detection of surface defects in casting billets.

In early February 2024, severe low-temperature rainfall/snowfall and freezing weather events occurred in the eastern parts of Guizhou and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Coinciding with the travel period of the Spring Festival, the event caused serious impacts on travel, energy supply guarantees, and people's daily lives. To reveal the exceptional characteristics of the weather event, observation data from the National Meteorological Information Center, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and Huaihua dual-polarization radar data were used to analyze the characteristics and causes of rainfall/snowfall and freezing weather events. The results are as follows: (1) Severe freezing disasters lasting 4-6 days occurred in eastern Guizhou, northern and central parts of Hunan, eastern and southern parts of Hubei, and northern and western parts of Anhui. These disasters were primarily caused by two rounds of low-temperature rain and snow weather. The first round occurred around February 1 to 4, with the most severe period appearing on the 3rd. It was characterized by heavy snowfall and freezing rain, leading to rapid accumulation of snow and ice. The second round occurred from February 5 to 6, with freezing rain predominating in eastern Guizhou and northern and central parts of Hunan, and sleet predominating along the Yangtze River in Hubei and other areas, which sustained or further increased the ice accumulation. (2) The geopotential height anomaly of the mid to high latitudes in Asia showed a distribution of low in the west and high in the east, and the southern trough was active. Both provided important weather conditions for the low-temperature rain and snow weather. The strong southwest jet stream climbs along the front to form a tilted upward airflow, enhancing the precipitation intensity behind the front, and leading to the first round of the weather event. The weakening of the southern trough and the maintenance of the southern front area, the mid-to-low low-level jet, and the surface stationary front resulted in the second round of the weather event. (3) Affected by the formation and maintenance of the South China stationary front and the Yunnan-Guizhou stationary front, the range of inversion was wide, with a significant warm layer in the southern region of the Yangtze River, resulting in different phases of precipitation on the south and north sides of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in the vertical direction of the temperature and humidity fields on the north and south sides of the Yangtze River. When heavy snowfall dominated north of the Yangtze River, the temperature and humidity fields exhibited deep cold-wet characteristics, with a typical ice-phrase structure. However, when heavy freezing rain dominated south of the Yangtze River, the temperature and humidity fields exhibited a"strong warm-wet and cold-wet"feature. (4) The rapidly increasing amount of rainwater, ice, and snow formed strong wet snow and severe freezing rain on February 3-4. The low-level supercooled water of both light and heavy rain droplets coexisted in the southern region of the Yangtze River on the night of the 3rd day, while it was dominated by light rain on the night of the 5th day.

In 60Co based computed tomography (CT) of carbon components，reducing the number of sampling angles can significantly shorten detection time and improve detection efficiency. However，for conventional analytical reconstruction algorithms，sparse angle reconstruction images contain a large amount of noise and artifacts，which interfere with the detection of defects in the images and affect the quality evaluation of the inspected components by the detection system under fast detection conditions. This article proposes a sparse angle CT image reconstruction method based on neuralnetwork，which uses an untrained encoding decoding neural network to optimize the projection error of the reconstructed image，and uses the ADAM algorithm to optimize the total variation prior of the image. Compared with traditional deep learning reconstruction algorithms，this method does not require training sample sets and has stronger generalization ability and robustness. The results of simulation and practical experiments show that compared to traditional analytical and reconstruction algorithms，this method significantly improves the quality of reconstructed images，while retaining the detailed information of the detected components，and significantly suppresses artifacts and noise in the reconstructed images retaining image details and texture. This work can effectively improve image quality，eliminate the interference of artifacts on the identification of defects in graphics，and improve the ability to recognize defects in carbon components for the detection system.

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is widely used for image target classifications in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), but the lack of mechanism transparency prevents it from meeting the practical application requirements, such as high reliability and trustworthiness. The Class Activation Mapping (CAM) method is often used to visualize the decision region of the CNN model. However, existing methods are primarily based on either channel-level or space-level class activation weights, and their research progress is still in its infancy regarding more complex SAR image datasets. Based on this, this paper proposes a CNN model visualization method for SAR images, considering the feature extraction ability of neurons and their current network decisions. Initially, neuronal activation values are used to visualize the capability of neurons to learn a target structure in its corresponding receptive field. Further, a novel CAM-based method combined with channel-wise and spatial-wise weights is proposed, which can provide the foundation for the decision-making process of the trained CNN models by detecting the crucial areas in SAR images. Experimental results showed that this method provides interpretability analysis of the model under different settings and effectively expands the application of CNNs for SAR image visualization.

RFPA2D was used to simulate the crack propagation, failure mode, and fractal characteristics of composite strata with prefabricated cracks and holes under the uniaxial compression test. The crack propagation process was analyzed when the crack inclination angle and rock inclination angle changed. And it was concluded that: when the rock inclination angle is 0° and the crack inclination angle changes, the cracks are classified into X-type cracks and Y-type cracks. When the crack inclination angle is 0° and the rock inclination angle changes, the failure modes of the model specimens are divided into the through-cut failure mode of soft rock and the failure mode along the soft rock. The variation law of fractal dimension of cracks in the composite rock stratum with holes calculated by Matlab is the same as that of the compressive strength of the model specimen, and the fitting between fractal dimension and compressive strength has a significant linear relationship.

Objective Trace elements are an important factor affecting the water quality of karst surface waters. Aquatic photosynthetic organisms can absorb and remove harmful elements in the process of photosynthetic metabolism. However, little research has been conducted on the absorption effect and removal potential of trace elements by different aquatic photosynthetic organism community structures. Methods This study was conducted at the Puding Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, which constructed a vegetation-soil-groundwater-surface water simulation ecosystem consisting of five types of land use: bare rock land, bare land, cultivated land, grassland and shrub land. Among them, the surface aquatic ecosystem was taken as the research object to carry out research on the removal potential and control mechanism of trace elements by the composition of aquatic photosynthetic organism community structure. Results Results showed that (1) The surface water chemistry parameters and aquatic photosynthetic biomass were significantly affected by seasonal changes and land use types; (2) The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Fe and Zn varies significantly in different aquatic photosynthetic ecosystems, and the absorption and removal of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, and Zn by the planktonic-submerged coexistence system were better than those of a single planktonic system; (3) The formation of a highly dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) environment in surface water bodies was promoted by the restoration of natural vegetation (shrublands and grasslands) in karst areas, which was conducive to the growth of submerged plants, simultaneously increasing the impact on Mn, Co, Ni, Fe and Zn removal potential in surface water bodies. Conclusion This understanding will contribute to research on the regulatory mechanism of trace elements in surface water by the structure of aquatic photosynthetic organisms in karst areas.

The quasi-stationary front in Yunnan and Guizhou is one of the most important weather systems in Guizhou in winter， and it is difficult to forecast.This paper analyzes the winter climate characteristics of the quasi-stationary front in Yunnan and Guizhou and frontal rainfall characteristics of different magnitudes in Guizhou by using the daily ground conventional observation station data of five provinces （cities， districts） of Yunnan， Guizhou， Sichuan， Chongqing， Guangxi from 2007 to 2021 and the daily precipitation data of Guizhou from 08:00 to 08:00.The results show that： （1） There are 52.8 days of the quasi-stationary front weather in Guizhou in winter on average.The impact of the quasi-stationary front is most serious in January， followed by February and December.（2） In winter， the front direction of the quasi-stationary front in Yunnan and Guizhou is the most south-north type， averaging near Qujing； The second is the northwest southeast type， which is located in the west of Guizhou on average； There are few east-west types； The moderate intensity quasi-stationary front is the most and tends to occur in the early winter， the strong quasi-stationary front is the second and tends to occur in the late winter， and the weak quasi-stationary front is the least.（3） The frontal precipitation is dominated by rainfall （rain or freezing rain）.The stronger the quasi-stationary front is， the fewer the days of frontal precipitation are， and the proportion of the days of frontal precipitation increases with the weakening of the quasi-stationary front； The frontal rainfall is mainly concentrated below 5.0 mm， and the frontal rainfall probability is inversely proportional to the rainfall and is proportional to the rainfall range.When the frontal rainfall is weak， the frontal rainfall probability is unimodal with the increase of rainfall and bimodal with the expansion of rainfall range.（4） The results of EOF and REOF classification show that there are two types of frontal precipitation with different magnitudes that affect Guizhou： the frontal precipitation in the central and eastern regions is mostly in the early winter and more south-north， with moderate or weak intensity and prone to large-scale rainfall of 0.1~1.0 mm magnitude； The southwest type frontal rainfall is mostly in the late winter， and it is mostly north-south type or north-west southeast type.The intensity is strong， and the small-scale rainfall of 1.1~5.0 mm is easy to occur.（5） The climate tendency rate of the average annual rainfall in the middle-east type is negative， and the cumulative anomaly changes are roughly in the "M" shape； The climate tendency rate of annual average rainfall in the southwest type is positive， with obvious stage characteristics， and the cumulative anomaly changes are roughly "W" shaped； Both of them have quasi 4 years and quasi 8 years periodic oscillations； In recent years， the frontal rainfall in the middle-east has decreased， while that in the southwest has increased.The results can provide an important climate background for the prediction of quasi - stationary front weather in winter in Guizhou.

Under mining conditions, the micro crack structure of the composite strata of the coal seam floor affects the uplift and seepage of the groundwater in the underlying high water pressure aquifer, and its complexity is of great significance for the prediction and early warning of the water disaster in the coal seam floor. In this paper, a total of 57 groups of rock samples extracted from three adjacent mines in the east of Pingdingshan Coalfield are taken as the object. Based on the comprehensive information of SEM image acquisition and N2 adsorption test, the fissure ratio of rock stratum area, equivalent crack diameter of rock stratum, fractal dimension value of fissure area, specific surface area, crevice volume and its fractal dimension are the main controlling factors. Using entropy weighted TOPSIS mathematical model, the complexity of the micro fracture structure of the composite rock stratum between the Ji16-17 coal seam and the Cambrian limestone top interface is quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the micro crack structure of the composite strata in the floor of the Ji16-17 coal seam is very simple, simple, medium, complex and extremely complex, accounting for 25.00%, 21.43%, 39.29%, 7.14% and 7.14% respectively. The micro crack structure of the composite strata in the study section is relatively uncomplicated; Compared with the four rock sections, the order of the quantitative mean value of the complexity of the rock stratum micro fracture structure is: L1−L2 limestone section>L5−L7 limestone section>sandstone section>bauxite mudstone section. The complexity of the rock stratum micro fracture structure better reflects the development of the rock stratum fracture. The paper considers the coupling effect of multiple factors on the composite rock stratum, realizes the quantitative classification and zoning discrimination of the micro crack structure in the vertical section of the composite rock stratum, which is of great significance for accurately describing the aquifer performance of the composite rock stratum in the coal seam floor and scientifically guiding the prevention and control of the water hazard in the coal seam floor.

As a major strategic technology, artificial intelligence is developing rapidly while bringing numerous security risks.Currently, security data for artificial intelligence is collected from disparate sources and lacks standardized description, making it difficult to integrate and analyze effectively.To address this issue, a method for constructing an artificial intelligence security knowledge graph was proposed.The knowledge graph was used to integrate the current multi-source heterogeneous data, scientifically represent complex relationships of the data, mine potential value and form a domain knowledge base.In view of the diversity and correlation of concepts in the field of artificial intelligence security, a hierarchical structure of artificial intelligence security ontology was proposed to make the ontology structure more diversified and extensible, provide rule constraints for the process of knowledge graph construction, and form an artificial intelligence security knowledge base.To effectively utilize feature information and reduce noise interference, named entity recognition algorithm based on BiLSTM-CRF and relationship extraction algorithm based on CNN-ATT were adopted for information extraction.The constructed artificial intelligence security dataset was then used to verify the performance of the algorithm.Based on the proposed ontology, the multi-level visualization results of the artificial intelligence security knowledge graph were presented in 3D effect, effectively connecting the multi-source security data information.The experimental results show that the constructed knowledge graph meets the multi-dimensional evaluation criteria of accuracy, consistency, completeness, and timeliness, providing knowledge support for artificial intelligence security research.Overall, the proposed method can help address the complexity and heterogeneity of security data in artificial intelligence and provide a more standardized, integrated approach to knowledge representation and analysis.

As a key ecosystem for climate change mitigation, wetlands play an irreplaceable role in carbon capture and sequestration. The analysis of wetland carbon stocks and their influencing factors, as well as the prediction of carbon sequestration potential, are of great significance to the conservation and management of wetlands and the achievement of the national "double carbon" target.This study employed ArcGIS 10.8 to vectorize the wetland distribution map of the Wetland Protection and Development Plan of Guizhou Province (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) for three periods (1999-2009, 2010-2018, and 2018-present, respectively) by means of remote sensing visual interpretation and zoned them according to the intensity of karst development in Guizhou Province. The changes in wetland area and carbon stock in Guizhou Province were estimated and analyzed using the life belt research method and biomass estimation method, and the total carbon stock and carbon stock per unit area of key wetlands were estimated and compared with those of all wetlands in Guizhou Province. A calculation model was used to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of the key wetlands in Guizhou Province.The Origin software was applied to analyze the data on all relevant impact factors. The results showed that: ①The area of wetlands in Guizhou Province was 216, 526.95 hm2, 209, 726.85 hm2, and 255, 440.53 hm2 in the pre-, mid-, and late-planning periods, respectively, with an overall decrease and then increase, and the total area increased by 38, 913.58 hm2; ② The wetland carbon stock in Guizhou Province was 3.78×106 t in the late stage of planning, increasing significantly to more than 6 times of that in the early stage of planning(5.97×105 t), among which the carbon stock of the key wetlands was 3.24×106 t, accounting for 85.71% of the province's wetland carbon stock; ③ The carbon sequestration potential of the keywetlands in Guizhou Provincewas 1.14×104 t C/a, and the total carbon sequestration of wetlands is expected to reach 7.99×106 t C and 8.34×106 t C by 2030 and 2060, respectively; and ④ The carbon stock of the key wetlands was positively correlated with DIC concentration, organic carbon content and wetland area and negatively correlated with temperature, indicating thattemperature, DIC concentration, organic carbon content and wetland area had a strong influence on the carbon stock of the key wetlands in Guizhou Province.The results of this study will not only facilitate the understanding of the current status of wetland carbon sequestration in Guizhou Province but also provide a theoretical reference for the contribution of regional wetland ecosystems to the "3060" dual carbon target.

BackgroundAt present, a large number of reports focus on the bones of limbs and trunk, while there are few studies on the effect of fluorosis on jawbone which is the inevitable structural basis for the development and treatment of oral diseases. ObjectiveTo preliminarily investigate the effect of fluoride exposure on the mechanical properties of jawbone by observing the changes in the intraosseous environment and the maximum load against shearing force (LSFmax) of the jawbone in rats with chronic fluoride treatment. MethodsScreening experiment: 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into a control group and three fluoride exposure groups (50, 150, and 250 mg·L−1 fluoride concentration), 12 rats in each group. The fluoride exposure groups were molded by feeding different concentrations of sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou area. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups with 3 animals each according to observation time points after 0, 2, 4, and 6 months. The LSFmax of the jawbone was measured with an electronic universal ergometer, the expression of type I collagen (Col1) was shown by Sirius red staining, and the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was determined semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry at selected time points. Formal experiment: 12 male SD rats were randomly divided into a fluoride exposure group and a control group. The fluoride exposure group were fed with 150 mg·L−1 sodium fluoride solution, and the control group drank tap water from Guizhou. After feeding with fluoride for 5 months, the ergometer was used to measure the LSFmax of the jawbone. Osteoclasts were counted after tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Col1, Runx2, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and cathepsin K (Cath K) were detected semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry expression and Sirius red staining. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was used to observe the trabecular bone microstructure. ResultsScreening experiment: The LSFmax of the control group and the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the peak value at the 2nd month, and the LSFmax of the 50 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group reached the valley value at the 4th month. The LSFmax of the 150 mg·L−1 fluoride exposure group at the 4th month was higher than that at the 6th month (P

Objective: To investigate the application value of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on deep learning (DL) in rib fracture diagnosis. Methods: The CT images of 232 patients with chest trauma were analyzed retrospectively and the films were read in three ways. CAD system reading: using CAD system to detect and record the results of rib fracture; radiologists reading: two radiologists with 6 years of CT diagnosis experience read the film independently and the diagnostic results were based on the consensus of them; radiologists reading with the assistance of CAD system: one month later, the same two radiologists reassessed the images with the aid of the CAD system using a joint reading mode. Gold standard: two senior radiologists with more than 15 years of experience in the CT diagnosis of rib fractures read the radiographs independently and the consensus of them was used as the diagnostic standard. The sensitivity, false-positive rate and the reading time of the three methods were calculated and compared. Results: A total of 712 rib fractures were found in 232 patients. The reading sensitivity of the CAD system was 81.2%, which was lower than that of the radiologists, and the reading sensitivity of the radiologists was lower than that of CAD system-assisted radiologists. The false positive rate of CAD system was 0.48±0.13 and was the highest . There was no statistical difference in the false-positive rate between radiologists and CAD system-assisted radiologists. The reading time of the CAD system was (2.45±0.92)s and was the shortest. The reading time of CAD system-assisted radiologists was less than that of radiologists and the reading time was reduced by 34.2%. Conclusion: To further improve the sensitivity and reduce the false positive rate is an important part of CAD improvement; the use of CAD system based on deep learning to assist radiologists in reading images can improve the sensitivity of rib fracture diagnosis and reduce the time of reading images without increasing the false positive rate.

It is very important for the safe and stable operation of power grid to detect the location and scope of mined-out area under transmission line accurately and efficiently by comprehensive geophysical method. According to the geophysical properties of goaf, resistivity method, electromagnetic method and seismic method are often used to detect goaf, but due to the actual interference and geophysical multi-solution, a single geophysical exploration method is often difficult to achieve ideal results. In this paper, the symmetrical quadrupole section resistivity method and shallow seismic reflection method are used to detect the mined-out area under the high-voltage overhead line. The study shows that the resistivity method and seismic method are mutually validated and complementary, which effectively reduces the multi-resolution of single geophysical method interpretation, and improves the detection resolution and the reliability of interpretation results. It provides an effective basis for delineating goaf.

Aiming at the time-domain sparsity and unknown sparsity of wireless channels, compressed sensing technology is applied to the channel estimation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. This paper proposes a sparsity adaptive matching pursuit channel estimation algorithm. It uses the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) channel estimation algorithm to process the noise inside and outside the cyclic prefix. The estimated channel frequency response is used to terminate the sparse iteration of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm and realize the sparsity adaptive signal reconstruction. At the same time, in the atomic preselection stage, the Dice coefficient criterion is used instead of the inner product criterion as the correlation measurement criterion to achieve better estimation performance. The simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance than the traditional compressed sensing channel estimation algorithm, and can improve the system’s Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and Bit Error Rate (BER) performance.

Polar codes is the only coding scheme in the world that has been proved that the Shannon threshold is reachable. Because of the high time delay caused by the serial characteristic of Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding, the Belief Propagation (BP) decoding has received more attention because of its higher throughput. However, because its decoding performance is not as good as SC decoding, Bit-Flip (BF) decoding is used in BP. Aiming at the inaccurate construction of flip set in current bit flipping decoding, this paper proposes a new bit error rate BP BF (BPF) decoding algorithm, which is used to construct flip set. We also propose rough flip set and fine flip set Concept of flip set. The rough flip set is constructed by the variance of the characteristics of data stability. The range of the flip set is reduced by the difference in bit error rate, that is, the fine flip set. The research results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to the current best decoding algorithms such as BP, Enhanced BPF (EBPF) and Log Likelihood Ratio BPF (BPF-LLR). At the same time, the number of iterations of the algorithm is significantly reduced compared with other bit-flipping decoding algorithms.

In order to meet the future development needs of broadband communications, a microwave photonic channelization receiver based on dual coherent optical frequency comb (OFC) was proposed.The used optical frequency comb can be generated by only a dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPMZM), which not only has high degree of flatness and out band rejection ratio, flexible and adjustable free spectrum range, but also effectively simplifies the complexity of the receiver.In the I/Q demodulation module, by the balanced detection method the second-order intermodulation distortion (IMD2) and direct current (DC) offset were effectively suppressed, and the dynamic range of the receiver was improved, at the same time, the electrical hybrid couple (EHC) and electric bandpass filter (EBPF) were used to solve the problem of image interference that is common in superheterodyne architectures.Finally it achieves channelized reception of 5 GHz bandwidth RF signals.

This article outlines the history of logic in China from 1949 to 2019. Firstly, it presents a rough picture of Chinese logic before 1949 using broad brushstrokes. Secondly, it divides the whole process of development into two stages. In the first 30 years from 1949 to 1979, Chinese logic made some achievements, but also went along some detours, and its overall situation was unsatisfactory. In the latter 40 years from 1979 to 2019, due to Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up, many Chinese logicians went abroad for academic visits or to study degrees in foreign universities or research institutes, gradually became familiar with and even integrated into the international mainstream of logic teaching and research, and ushered in the great flourishing of logic in China we see today. Finally, it draws four lessons from this process of development, as follows. 1) Let politics and academia live in peace, by respecting and adhering to the idea of academic freedom. 2) Academic advances cannot be achieved in isolation from the world, so we should fully embrace the international academic community, while insisting on our own independent thinking. 3) We should always adhere to the policy of “letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend”, so that different academic viewpoints and tendencies can be improved and developed in their mutual collision. 4) We should cultivate academic self-confidence, gradually make the change from pure follow-up learning to original work in some fields of logic.

The second special issue on logic in the Asian Studies journal, this special issue will be one of first such issues focusing on development of research on logic in contemporary China (PRC) published in English in a Western scholarly journal. Moreover, the great majority of the contributions collected in this issue were authored by the leading Chinese researchers in the relevant subfields of logic, from philosophers of logic to established experts in branches of logic such as mathematical logic, inductive logic and so on.

The application of cooperative multicast in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system and its performances was studied where a mixed service scenario consisting of a number of the multicast users and one unicast user was employed.In such a system,a cooperative relay path selection strategy was used and a best channel conditioned multicast user was selected as relay user to relay the unicast user’s signal.The unicast user outage probability and the relay user’s capacity in closed-form were then derived.Mont Carlo simulation results validate the analysis and show that the proposed scheme significantly enhances outage probability for unicast user while maintaining the same ergodic capacity for the relay user.

Based on the Qiliao section of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation – Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shizhu, Chongqing city, the development characteristics of bentonite in eastern Sichuan Basin was examined systematically, and its geological significance and scientific value were analyzed. The main understandings are as follows: (1) Six bentonite dense layers were found in the Qiliao section, mainly occurring in 6 graptolitic belts of the Katian, Rhuddanian and Aeronian. Most of the bentonite dense layers showed obvious increase in clay, peak response of GR curve, and indistinct relationship between volcanic ash and total organic carbon (TOC). (2) The bentonite dense layers of Longmaxi Formation were widely distributed in eastern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, and generally showed GR peak, which can be an important reference interface for dividing the bottom boundary of the Coronograptus cyphus belt and the top boundary of the Rhuddanian in eastern Sichuan Basin and western Hubei province. (3) Taking the bentonite dense layers as the stratification basis of the Rhuddanian and Aeronian, it was determined that the sediment thickness of the Rhuddanian in the eastern Sichuan depression was generally 10–40 m, but only the upper part of the Coronograptus cyphus belt was deposited in the hinderland of Yichang Uplift, and the sedimentary thickness was only 3–7 m. (4) In the hinderland of the Yichang Uplift, at least five and a half graptolitic belts were missing in Wufeng Formation – Rhuddanian, and the deposition time of Rhuddanian was less than 0.4 Ma. (5) The bentonite dense layers were important sedimentary responses to the strong deflection of the Yangtze basin at the turn of the Ordovician–Silurian, which suggested that four tectonic activity periods existed in the eastern Sichuan depression, including the early stage of the depression, the middle-late stage of the depression, the early stage of the foreland flexure and the development stage of the foreland flexure. The high-quality shale was mainly developed from the early stage to the middle-late stage in the depression. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Qiliao Section, Lower Silurian, Longmaxi Formation, bentonite, Yichang Uplift, depression behind the uplift, organic-rich shale

A new Android malware detection method based on byte-code image and deep learning was proposed. Firstly, Android malware byte-code files were mapped to RGB colorful images which had three channels. Also, the Shannon entropy as Alpha channel of images were calculated, and then merged with RGB images into RGBA images. Finally, the convolutional neural network as classifier was employed to classify aforementioned images. According to the experiment on malware of eight malicious families and compared this method with the method which mapping the byte-code to gray image, the result shows that the method using RGBA images has good performance not only in speed, but also in accuracy.

To solve the problem of high data feature dimensionality in intrusion detection, a feature selection algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization taboo search (IPSO-TS) was proposed. The genetic algorithm was used to improve the particle swarm optimization, and the initial optimal solution of feature selection was obtained. A taboo search (TS) algorithm was used for initial optimal solution to obtain the global optimal solution of the feature subset. Compared with genetic algorithm integrated particle swarm optimization (CMPSO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and PSO-TS algorithms, experimental results based on the KDD CUP 99 dataset show that the method reduces the features by about 29.2% , shortens about 15% of the average detection time, and increases about 2.96% of the average classification accuracy.

Abstract: Based on the drilling data of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and periphery, SW China, the Ro lower limits and essential features of the carbonization of organic matter in over-high maturity marine shale were examined using laser Raman, electrical and physical property characterization techniques. Three preliminary conclusions are drawn: (1) The lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter in marine shale is 3.5%; when the Ro is less than 3.4%, carbonization of organic matter won't happen in general; when the Ro ranges from 3.4% to 3.5%, non-carbonization and weak carbonization of organic matter may coexist; when the Ro is higher than 3.5%, the carbonization of organic matter is highly likely to take place. (2) Organic-rich shale entering carbonization phase have three basic characteristics: log resistivity curve showing a general “slender neck” with low-ultralow resistance response, Raman spectra showing a higher graphite peak, and poor physical property (with matrix porosity of only less than 1/2 of the normal level). (3) The quality damage of shale reservoir caused by the carbonization of organic matter is almost fatal, which primarily manifests in depletion of hydrocarbon generation capacity, reduction or disappearance of organic pores and intercrystalline pores of clay minerals, and drop of adsorption capacity to natural gas. Therefore, the lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter should be regarded as the theoretically impassable red line of shale gas exploration in the ancient marine shale formations. The organic-rich shale with low-ultralow resistance should be evaluated effectively in area selection to exclude the high risk areas caused by the carbonization of organic matter. The target organic-rich shale layers with low-ultralow resistance drilled during exploration and development should be evaluated on carbonization level of organic matter, and the deployment plan should be adjusted according to the evaluation results in time. Key words: Lower Silurian, Longmaxi Formation, marine shale, thermal maturity, organic matter carbonization, resistivity logging, exploration risk

Objective To investigate the features and clinical significance of video electroencephalogram (VEEG) about paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) in children. Methods The clinical data of 9 children with PKD in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were reviewed and analyzed. Results Nine patients were 8 boys and one girl, with age of 6.25-15.17 years, average (7.10 ± 3.24) years, and duration 1-12 months, average (6.12 ± 2.58) months. All patients were monitored 45 times of clinical paroxysms, with duration lasting for 5-35 s, average (9.21 ± 4.35) s. Clinical manifestations included 10 times of simple choreoathetosis, 6 times of dystonia and unsteady stand, 29 times of choreoathetosis, dystonia and unsteady stand. Clinical paroxysms of all patients were induced by sudden movement, among whom 2 cases (2/9) were induced by hyperventilation and one case (1/9) by starle. Four cases (4/9) had aura such as rigidity and numbness of limbs and paraesthesia before the onset. The ictal VEEG showed normal background rhythm or was covered by a large number of motion artifacts. Abnormal signs such as epileptic discharges, background rhythm changes or local slow waves were not seen. During interictal phase, background activities were normal. Two cases (2/9) showed nonspecific abnormalities, including frontal or occipital discontinuous slow waves, one case (1/9) showed centro?temporal (Rolandic area) spikes. Five cases (5/9) were positive for proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) gene. Conclusions There may be interictal nonspecific abnormalities or epileptic discharges in VEEG of children with PKD. The clinical manifestations and synchronous VEEG during the attack period are of great significance to make clear diagnosises. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.01.010

A new similarity detection scheme based on hierarchical SimHash algorithm was proposed.The scheme extractd contents from different aspects to represent the APK file,then used the improved SimHash to respectively represent the file.The scheme analyzed the APK file by extracting the AndroidManifest.xml file in it,the sum of the Smali code from the decompilation of dex file,instructions extracted in Smali files,Java code set,and instructions extracted in Java code files.Through the study of Voted Perceptron voting algorithm,the scheme used trust weight method,by valuating a trust weight in every layer,then combined all the result with weight in every layer as a resule of scheme,the result can be more reasonable and more convincing.

The attackers use social bots to steal people’s privacy,propagate fraud messages and influent public opinions,which has brought a great threat for personal privacy security,social public security and even the security of the nation.The attackers are also introducing new techniques to carry out anti-detection.The detection of malicious social bots has become one of the most important problems in the research of online social network security and it is also a difficult problem.Firstly,development and application of social bots was reviewed and then a formulation description for the problem of detecting malicious social bots was made.Besides,main challenges in the detection of malicious social bots were analyzed.As for how to choose features for the detection,the development of choosing features that from static user features to dynamic propagation features and to relationship and evolution features were classified.As for choosing which method,approaches from the previous research based on features,machine learning,graph and crowd sourcing were summarized.Also,the limitation of these methods in detection accuracy,computation cost and so on was dissected.At last,a framework based on parallelizing machine learning methods to detect malicious social bots was proposed.

Interconnection framework of information-centric IoT:GlobeSen was proposed,which implemented the efficient interconnection of sensor networks and Internet.According to the characteristic of weak network elements,such as wireless sensor nodes,and the spatio-temporal relationship of sensory data,an information-centric network protocol for sensor networks NDNs was designed.Then,a protocol translation mechanism in the gateway was designed to interconnect NDNs and NDNx that running in Internet.A prototype by using the TelosB wireless sensor node and ARM board was implemented,and the proposed design by deploying the prototype in the environment was evaluated.

A new type of semi-submersible drilling platform is designed. The numerical simulation software is used to analyze the heave response of the new platform in the frequency domain and time domain, and the semi-submersible drilling platforms with double-floating four-column structure and heave plate structure are compared with the new platform. This paper introduces the design principles of the new platform and the theoretical basis, mathematical model and boundary conditions during correlation analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the maximum and mean values of the heave response of the new platform are significantly reduced in the frequency domain analysis compared with the double-floating four-column and the heave-plate structure platform; and the new platform has a significant increase in the natural heaving period of the new platform, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of resonance. In the mooring time domain coupling analysis, the surge, sway and roll response of the new platform is small, and the heave response is greatly reduced. In the spectral analysis, the new platform has a smaller peak response and better wave frequency characteristics. The new platform has excellent anti-heave performance, reasonable structure and feasibility, and can provide reference for the design and selection of new generation semi-submersible drilling platform. Key words: drilling platform, semi-submersible drilling platform, heave prevention, frequency domain analysis, time domain analysis

A security capacity assessment method based on security behavior ontology,was proposed to collect users' be-havior data from their smartphones under unconscious condition to solve the problem of detecting mobile phone users' real existing insecure behaviors.A security behavior ontology was set up for formalizing the phone,message,network and App behavior data of mobile phone users and relevant rules were also set down for determining and associating inse-cure actions.Referring to the notion of attack graph,an insecure behavior detection algorithm was proposed based on behavior association graph for analyzing the paths of insecure behaviors dynamically.Furthermore,a competency model of information security capability assessment was presented for realizing the quantitative evaluation of information secu-rity capability of users.The experiment results prove the effectiveness of present competency model for insecure behavior path detection and security ability assessment.

In order to enhance the flexible and intelligent network's service ability,a novel architecture called recon-figurable service-centric network (ReSCNet) was proposed which decomposed traditional network capabilities and ser-vices into fine-grained network functional unit.Then based on service routing matrix algorithm to orchestrate and deploy atomic service flexibly,a service path was built which possess smaller cost,lower time delay,higher degree of load bal-ance and higher reliability.Finally,the performance of service routing matrix algorithm was evaluated on the innovation experiment platform NetFPGA-10G.The simulation results show that the algorithm has a better performance and can cus-tomize an optimal service path for users while meet the specific functions and performance constraints.

Based on the state of the art of big data research, a national security-oriented network big data analysis and application system was proposed, against existing problems of national security systems, such as data fragmentation, nonstandard, difficult to share, and so on.In this system, the current national security requirements and big data technologies were organic combined.It could not only play the advantages of big data technology in multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, deeply mining security information, and breaking information island, but also share the advantages of the existing business architecture and quickly producing the actual effect.Finally, a systematic introduction to the national security-oriented network big data mining and analysis technologies was given.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of bacterial meningitis complicated with subdural effusion. Methods The clinical data of children with bacterial meningitis in our hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for subdural effusion. Results A total of 128 cases were divided into control group (N = 64) and subdural effusion group (N = 64). There was no significant difference on serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). Compared with control group, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) WBC (Z = 3.126, P = 0.003), CSF protein (Z = 4.928, P = 0.000) and serum procalcitonin (PCT; Z = 2.823, P = 0.007) in subdural effusion group were significantly higher, while CSF glucose (t = 2.166, P = 0.033) was significantly lower. After treatment, CSF WBC (Z = 2.467, P = 0.012) in subdural effusion group was still significantly higher than that of control group, and CSF glucose (t = 4.938, P = 0.000) was still significantly lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that WBC in CSF (P = 0.027), CSF protein (P = 0.002) and serum PCT (P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for bacterial meningitis complicated with subdural effusion. Conclusions CSF examination of children with bacterial meningitis reveals significant increase of CSF WBC, CSF protein and serum PCT, suggesting concurrent subdural effusion is easily occurred. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.08.012

Increasingly serious network security situation has made video website，broadcasting network and other video sending systems become more and more vulnerable to network attack. The video fingerprint management system which could protect video security on transmit line in real time was proposed. The system can locate on the entrance line of the video website and broadcasting network，run independently and stand guard its entryway to ensure that no illegal video can be send into the network even though the sending systems be hacked. Moreover，the system can locate on carrying network line and provide solutions for supervision of video fragmentation under multiple-screen fusion situation and copyright protection on transmit line in real time.

A competency model of opinion leaders in social networks is presented，which includes three capacity factors，some explicit and implicit behavioral indicators.These characteristics of information production，information dissemination and information influence which opinion leaders should have.Based on the proposed competency model，social network users into four categories which divided:the general public，the activists，the topic opinion leaders and network opinion leaders.Then a hierarchical filtering process is designed and a system framework of filtering experimental for identifying opinion leaders is introduced.It takes the data extracted from the Sina microblog as input，then integrates some social network analysis tools such as MALLET，and develops the programs for specific functions with Python.Eventually，the opinion leaders of microblog can be identified.The experiment results prove the effectiveness of present competency model for opinion leaders and the feasibility of hierarchical filtering process.

To prevent data breaches via removable storage media, the way to enhance the access control capability of hosts within trusted zone with removable storage media attached was explored. Firstly, based on traditional Cipher-text-Policy hiding Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) schemes, an expression with lattice for attributes was proposed. Each attribute was described as a linear lattice or a subset lattice, and an attribute set was described as a product lattice. Furthermore, the lattice-based multi-level access control model was applied to construct access policies. The new scheme was proven fully secure under the standard model. It effectively simplifies the expression of access policies and satisfies fine-grained access control of sensitive information shared in the context of multi-level security. Secondly, considering the ubiquitous usage of removable storage media, some security attributes associating with the context of use were adopted to construct a lattice structure. Then a dynamic access control could be achieved. Finally, based on authorization and dynamic access control, a layered security solution providing multi-level protection for removable storage media was presented. Security and flexibility of proposed solution was analyzed, and a comparison experiment shows that it still has pretty good efficiency. It also can be applied to information security management in other ubiquitous environments.

Objective To study the characteristics of trait coping style and mental health status in parents of children with epilepsy, so as to provide a theoretical basis for psychological and behavioral interventions. Methods A total of 225 parents of children with epilepsy were assessed with Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and their characteristics of trait coping style were analyzed. Results Compared between different genders, different working pressures and between previously diagnosed and newly diagnosed, the scores of negative coping (NC) and positive coping (PC) in the parents of children with epilepsy had statistically significant difference (P < 0.05, for all). Male parents and previously diagnosed parents were more positive, while parents with great working pressure and newly diagnosed parents were more negative. The scores of PC had significant difference in different types of seizures (P < 0.05). Parents of children with partial seizures were more positive. Conclusions Trait coping style in parents of children with epilepsy has its own characteristics, and there are many mental health problems in those parents. The psychological and behavioral interventions should be targeted to improve the psychological status of parents of children with epilepsy.doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.02.009

The correlation between small spikes in Rolandic area and epileptic seizures was investigated. In this thesis, small spikes in Rolandic area were found in 118 cases recorded by video electroencephalogram (VEEG) monitoring. And the 118 patients were chose to be studied in our research. Among the 118 cases, 62 were male and 56 were female. The youngest was only 3-month-old, and the eldest was 4 years and 5 months old. Eighty-five cases were between 3 months and 2 years old which accounted for 72.03%. There were 101 patients (85.59%) having seizures: 42 cases (35.59%) of febrile convulsion, 35 (29.66%) of benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (BICG) and 24 (20.34%) of epilepsy; 17 cases (14.41%) of non-epileptic seizures. Hence, there is high correlation between infantile small spikes in Rolandic area and epileptic seizures. But it does not indicate any specificity. Whether small spikes in Rolandic area can be used as certain evidence to diagnose epilepsy and locate the onset of lesions requires further study to confirm.

Background and objective The results of published data on the effect of CD40 signal related to cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy are inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) combined with vinorelbine on lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were chosen as target cells and CD40 signal was stimulated by sCD40L. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the changes of cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of A549 cells treated by vinorelbine after CD40 was stimulated. The activity of Caspase-3 was measured using Caspase-3 cellular activity assay kit plus. Results After CD40 stimulation, an increase of inhibition on CD40 positive cell line A549 proliferation was confirmed when vinorelbine was added (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were shown in apoptosis and cell cycle (P>0.05). On the other hand, the activity of Caspase-3 was substantially decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stimulation of CD40 can increase lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 sensitivity to vinorelbine, which may be through a non-apoptosis, Caspase independent mechanism, and not associated with the inhibition of cell cycle.

Background and objective Published data on the association between erythropoietin (EPO) and cancer cell are inconclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the growth and survival of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-hEPO was constructed and transfected into A549 cells by liposome protoco1. The Levels of EPO in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. Effects of EPO gene on growth and survival of the transfected cells were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM ). Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also evaluated by ELISA. Results The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-)-hEPO was successfully constructed. The growth of cells in hEPO transfected cells was significantly inhibited after transfection (P < 0.01). More cells were blocked in S phase in hEPO transfected group compared with control group (P < 0.05), and the apoptotic rate were also significantly higher than those of their controls (P < 0.01). Levels of VEGF in hEPO transfected cells were significantly lower than controls (P < 0.01). Conclusion Exogenous EPO gene expression in A549 cells can induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of A549 cells, and expression of VEGF can also be inhibited.

Background and objective Both of lung cancer incidence and mortality rank first among all cancers in China. Previous lung cancer screening trials were mostly selective screening for high-risk groups such as smokers. Non-smoking women accounted for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of community-based mass screening in Guangzhou and identify the high-risk factors for lung cancer. Methods Residents aged 40-74 years in Guangzhou were screened with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer and the pulmonary nodules were classified and managed according to China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography (2018 version). The detection rate of positive nodules was calculated. Before the LDCT examination, residents were required to complete a "lung cancer risk factors questionnaire". The risk factors of the questionnaire were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 6256 residents were included in this study. 1228 positive nodules (19.63%) and 117 lung cancers were confirmed, including 6 cases of Tis, 103 cases of stage I (accounting for 88.03% of lung cancer). The results of LASSO penalized Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥50 yr (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.06-1.07), history of cancer (OR=3.29, 95%CI: 3.22-3.37), textile industry (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.08-1.13), use coal for cooking in childhood (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.13-1.16) and food allergy (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.07-1.13) were risk factors of lung cancer for female in this district. Conclusion This study highlighted that numerous early stages of lung cancer cases were detected by LDCT, which could be applied to screening of lung cancer in women. Besides, age ≥50 yr, personal history of cancer, textile industry and use coal for cooking in childhood are risk factors for women in this district, which suggested that it’s high time to raise the awareness of early lung cancer screening in this group.

It is the first time to investigate effects, on the blood rheology and the protection on oxidative damage in myocardium in tail-suspended rats of Drageny I, which is a kind of rare TCM herbs. SD rats are randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and drug group. The blood rheology and the oxidative damage (the level of H2O2, MDA and T-SOD) of myocardium are examined in ways as follows:veinal blood and myocardium test after 5 d and 21 d tail-suspension respectively. Compared with the model group, the hematocrit and the level of myocardium MDA in drug group decrease significantly after 5 d of tail-suspension. Red blood cell maximum deformation index, whole blood viscosity, the level of H2O2 and T-SOD of myocardium show no significant changes. After 21 d of tail-suspension, whole blood viscosity of the drug group decreases significantly while red blood cell maximum deformation index increases remarkably. Other indexes show recovery tendency. Drageny I significantly inhibits the increase in hematocrit and blood viscosity while increasing the red blood cell maximum deformation index in tail-suspended rats. It also shows protective effects on the myocardium from oxidative stress in rats under the simulated microgravity condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]