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Objective: The application value of mid-term ultrasound combined with non-invasive prenatal gene screening (NIPT) in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses. Methods: 2000 mid-term pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2019 to December 2021 were selected, all of whom underwent ultrasound examination and NIPT screening. Using the results of amniocentesis or high-throughput sequencing after induction of labor as the gold standard, the four grid table method was used to analyze the application value of mid pregnancy ultrasound combined with NIPT in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Results: Among the 2000 pregnant women in the second trimester, ultrasound examination detected a total of 37 cases with abnormal soft indicators and 30 cases with abnormal structural indicators. NIPT screening 17 high-risk pregnant women, including 11 cases of trisomy 21 syndrome and 6 cases of trisomy 18 syndrome. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, missed diagnosis rate, misdiagnosis rate, and accuracy of NIPT combined with ultrasound soft and structural indicators in diagnosing fetal chromosomal abnormalities were 95.00%, 99.95%, 95.00%, 99.95%, 5.00%, 0.05%, and 99.90%, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of mid pregnancy ultrasound and NIPT examination detected can improve the sensitivity of screening high-risk chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses, reduce the missed diagnosis rate, and have important value for early detection of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses, thereby improving fertility quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the relationship between microdeletions of 15 sequence tagged sites (STS) in azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y chromosome and male infertility (MI), and to provide the evidence for the intervention of hereditary MI. Methods A total of 2 586 suspected MI patients were selected, and they were divided into four groups according to their ages，≤20 years old group（14 cases), 21—30 years old group（988 cases), 31—40 years old group（1 318 cases)，and ≥41 years old group（266 cases). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the 15 STS sequence fragments in the Y chromosome AZF region and the abnormal results were screened out. The microdeletion status of the Y chromosome was compared among the MI patients in various groups. Results Among 2 586 samples, 207 cases of Y chromosome abnormalities were found, accounting for 8.00% (207/2 586) of the total samples. The Y chromosome abnormalit rates of the somples in≤20 years old, 21—30 years old，31—40 years old, and ≥41 years old groups were 7.14% (1/14), 8.10% (80/988)，8.04% (106/1 318), and 7.52% (20/266), respectively； there were significant differences in the detetion rates of base sites and extension sites of the patients between various groups (χ²=10.836，P=0.013)，and the deletion rate of base sites and extension sites of the patients in 21—30 years old group was higher than that in 31—40 years old group (P<0.05). In the overall tested samples, 52 cases of base site fragment deletion were found, the abnormality rate was 2.01%, and there were significant differences in the abnormality rates of the patients between various groups (χ²=9.658, P=0.022). The deletion rate of the AZFc segment accounted for 1.39% of all tested individuals, and the deletion rates of the patients in 21—30 years old group and 31—40 years old group were significantly higher than that in ≥41 years old group (P<0.05).There were significant differences in the overall deletion rates of the patients between 21—30 years old and 31—40 years old groups（χ²=3.612，P=0.040). There were no statistically significant differences in the deletion rates of the sY127, sY134 combined with sY105, sY121, sY1192, sY153, and sY160 sites of the patients between various groups (P>0.05)，and there were no significant differences in the deletion rates of the sY254, sY255 combined with sY105, sY121, sY1192, sY153, and sY160 sites of the patients between various groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The main cause of Y chromosome abnormalities of the males in reproductive age group in Northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is microdeletion at the sY1192 and sY153 sites, and the sY1192 site microdeletion is the most prevalent. The detection rate of mutation at this site is increased with the increasing of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of low -dose ionizing radiation on the health of radiological medical staff. Methods A total of 386 radiological medical staff who underwent occupational health examinations at the Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2020 to 2021 were studied, and 174 staff who recently participated in the preand post -transfer health examinations for radiological posts were selected as the reference group. The blood cell counts, peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus rates of the two groups were analyzed. Results The lymphocyte count of the radiation workers was lower than that of the reference group, and the chromosome aberration rate and abnormality rate, micronucleus rate, and abnormality rate were higher than those of the reference group (P < 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that compared with the radiological medical staff who operated in separate rooms or male radiological medical staff, the lymphocyte count of the interventional therapists who operated in the same room near the table and female radiological medical staff was reduced (茁= - 0.182, - 0.159, P < 0.05); with the increase in working time, the lymphocyte count of radiological medical staff also decreased (茁= - 0.008, P < 0.05). The results of Poisson regression analysis showed that compared with the radiological medical staff who operated in separate rooms, the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of the interventional therapists increased (RR = 4.078, 1.359, P < 0.05); with the increase of working years, the chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of the radiological medical staff also increased (RR = 1.050, 1.024, P < 0.05). Conclusions Long -term low -dose ionizing radiation had varying degrees of impact on lymphocyte count, peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration, and the micronucleus of radiological medical staff. Further occupational health monitoring should be strengthened for radiological medical staff engaged in interventional therapy to reduce radiation damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the relationship between chromosome karyotype abnormality, helper T cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) immune imbalance and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and its influencing factors. Methods: 421 patients with RSA who were admitted to Shijiazhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2019 to February 2022 were enrolled as study group. Another 400 women without abnormal reproductive system in the same period were taken as the control group. The chromosome karyotype abnormality, Th17/Treg immunity and baseline data were compared in the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of RSA. Results: The incidence of chromosome karyotype abnormality in the study group was 10.21%, which was higher than 1.50% in the control group (P<0.05). The Th17 and Th17/Treg ratio in the study group was higher than that in the control group, but Treg was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). The proportion of people with education level junior high school or below, reproductive tract infection, unpleasant odor and noise in the study group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of RSA included education level junior high school or below, reproductive tract infection, unpleasant odor, noise, chromosome karyotype abnormality, and increased Th17/Treg ratio (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Chromosomal karyotype abnormalities and Th17/Treg immune imbalance all increase the risk of RSA, and the education level junior high school or below, reproductive tract infection, unpleasant odor, noise will also increase the risk of RSA. In clinical work, targeted intervention measures can be formulated according to the above factors, so as to reduce the incidence of RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: At present, the application of biological patch in posterior scleral reinforcement has received extensive attention. The structure and performance of the biological scleral mesh are directly related to the success rate of the implant, so it is very important to characterize the structure and evaluate the performance of the biological mesh. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structure and properties of the modified bovine pericardial scleral biological patch with genipin. METHODS: The structures of fresh group, acellular group and genipin group were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. Their physical index was evaluated through the determination of mechanical properties, water content rate and thermal stability. In addition, the biocompatibility of bovine pericardium patch in genipin group was evaluated by genetic toxicity test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results of histology and scanning electron microscopy showed that the cellular components in the material were effectively removed by acellular treatment. After acellular treatment and genipin modification, the collagen fiber structure was well preserved and orderly without destroying the stable structure of the collagen fiber. (2) Infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffraction demonstrated that there were more amide groups in the collagen fiber of bovine pericardium in genipin group. In addition, the crystal phase of bovine pericardium in fresh and acellular groups was incomplete and the crystallization was poor, while its crystallinity of genipin group was improved. (3) Tensile strength of bovine pericardium in genipin group was significantly higher than that of acellular group (P < 0.05); and elongation at break was significantly lower than that in acellular group (P < 0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in the water content rate between genipin group and acellular group (P > 0.05). (5) The temperature of thermal denaturation in genipin group was higher than that in acellular group. (6) The in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test in genipin group showed negative result. (7) The results suggested that modified bovine pericardium patch for posterior scleral reinforcement with genipin had good physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the characteristics of chromosome abnormality and polymorphism in testicular spermatogenesis disorder. Methods Total of 295 patients diagnosed as testicular sperm production obstacle in department of reproductive medicine in our hospital from April, 2020 to May, 2021 were taken as the research object. Of the patients, 178 cases were oligozoospermia and 117 cases azoospermia. Chromosome G banding karyotype and the levels serum reproductive hormones of the patients were detected and analyzed. Results Among 295 cases of testicular spermatogenic dysfunction, 75 cases (21. 13%) had chromosomal abnormalities. Of 178 cases of oligozoospermia, 35 cases (19. 66%) had chromosomal abnormalities, and of 117 cases of azoospermia, 40 cases (34. 19%) had chromosomal abnormalities, showing a significant difference in row comparison (X2 =7. 856, P =0. 005). Among 295 patients, 71 (24. 07%) had chromosome polymorphism. Of 178 cases of oligozoospermia, 34 (19.10%) had chromosome polymorphism, and of 117 cases of azoospermia, 37 (31.62%) had chromosome polymorphism (X2 =6. 597, P = 0. 010). In patients with oligozoospermia, 10 cases (28. 57%) of chromosomal karyotype abnormalities mainly exhibited balanced translocation, 6 cases (17. 14%) interbrachial inversion, other 28 cases (70. 00%) of azoospermia mainly exhibited Klinson-s sign. In azoospermia, there were 25 cases (67. 57%) of Y chromosome polymorphism, 4 cases (10. 81%) of increase in small Y long arm secondary hanged mark, 4 cases (10. 81%) of satellite polymorphism, 4 cases (10. 81%) of chromosome 9 inversion. There were 25 (73. 53%), 2 (5. 88%), 2 (5. 88%) and 5 (14. 71%) oligozoospermia patients, respectively. Compared with oligozoospermia, serum FSH and LH levels were increased and T levels were decreased in azoospermia patients with chromosomal karyotype abnormality and chromosomal polymorphism (P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the serum FSH and LH levels in azoospermia patients with chromosome karyotype abnormality and chromosome polymorphism were higher than those in the control group, while the serum T level was lower than that in the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusions There are chromosome number abnormalities and Y chromosome polymorphisms in male patients with testicular reproductive dysfunction. Compared with those in azoospermia patients, the levels of serum FSH and LH are decreased and the level of serum T is increased in oligospermia patients, which can be used as an indicator to detect reproductive dysfunction in male patients and is related to chromosomal abnormalities. The specific mechanism is worth further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the clinical phenotypes and genetic mutations of DNAJB6 related myopathies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information, laboratory tests, muscle MRIs, electromyography results, muscle pathology examinations and genetic mutations of 2 patients of DNAJB6 related myopathies from one family and reviewed related published literatures of DNAJB6 related myopathies. Results The proband presented with muscle weakness of both proximal and distal limbs, with lower limbs more serious than upper limbs, and proximal more serious than distal. The father of proband presented with abnormal gait, and he could only climb stairs with assistance. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels of both patients were normal. Muscle MRIs of both patients showed different degrees of fatty infiltration. Muscle biopsies of both patients showed similar changes with dystrophic features, and some muscle fibers with rimmed vacuoles inside, as well as increased internal nuclei and a few regenerating fibers. Genetic tests proved both patients carried the same DNAJB6 gene variant, c.161A>C (p.Glu54Ala), which was the first report in mainland China. The proband was diagnosed as limb - girdle muscular dystrophy D1 (LGMD-D1) type, and the father of proband was diagnosed as distal myopathy. This family was considered as autosomal dominant DNAJB6 related myopathy. Referring to literature, heterogeneities exist in DNAJB6 related myopathies, and different clinical phenotypes could be presented in one single family. Conclusions The phenotypes of DNAJB6 related myopathies include limb - girdle muscular dystrophy and distal myopathy. Muscle pathology shows similar changes of rimmed vacuoles and dystrophic features. This reported family further expands the spectrum of phenotypes of DNAJB6 related myopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NUT carcinoma is a rare, high lethal cancer which feature as the rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene on chromosome 15q14, and its pathogenesis and treatment is not yet clear, the prognosis is poor. Due to NUT carcinoma often occurred on the middle position of the body, such as eyes, nose and palate, mediastinum, so it is also called NUT midline carcinoma (NMC). In this case, we report a 70 years old man who was diagnosed as primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma in the Department of Toracic Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. A tumor was found at the left hilus pulmonis when his physical examination without any symptom. Postoperative pathological showed poorly differentiated carcinoma, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for the NUT carcinoma. After operation, chemotherapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and radiotherapy were given, and he got a long lifetime. Combined with the literature review, we report the clinical and pathological features, and treatment strategies of the rare pulmonary NUT carcinoma case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To estimate the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, and to explore the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and sex, abortion times, gestational age and abnormal childbearing history. Methods: The chromosome karyotyping and clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed in 1 770 couples with spontaneous abortion. Results: Chromosomal abnormalities and polymorphisms were detected in 111 cases (3.14%) and 119 cases (3.36%), respectively. 41 cases (2.32%) of chromosomal abnormalities were found in male while 70 cases (3.95%) in female. The abnormal childbearing rate in those chromosome-abnormal couples was 6.36%, while the normal childbearing rate in those couples was 1.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in early miscarriage rates between those abnormality couples and controls (P>0.05). The rate of spontaneous abortion in those couples with chromosomal translocation (55.1%) was higher than that in normal couples (25.0%,P<0.001), while this rate in those couples with chromosomal inversion did not significantly change (P>0.05). There was significant difference in the rate of multiple spontaneous abortion in those heterochromatin/ satellite heteromorphism carriers (37.3%) when compared with normal couples as well as chromosome -translocation couples (P=0.007,P=0.036). Conclusions: In those couples with spontaneous abortion, the rate of chromosomal abnormalities was more frequent in female than that in male. Chromosomal abnormalities were closely related to abortion times, abnormal childbearing history, suggesting that chromosomal abnormalities are risk factors of spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association between congenital heart disease (CHD) and chromosome abnormalities by routine prenatal ultrasound and echocardiography screening to explore the etiology of fetal CHD. Methods Patients with fetal CHD who underwent chromosome examinations from January 2011 to December 2012 in the Center of Prenatal Diagnosis of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, were recruited in this study. Totally 26042 pregnant women underwent routine ultrasound examinations in the second trimester. Their mean age was (31.51±4.05) years and the mean pregnancy period was (23.65±4.32) weeks. The fetuses with CHD diagnosed by ultrasonic cardiography further underwent chromosome examination. Then the association between chromosome karyotypes and types of CHD was analyzed. Results Ultrasonic cardiography indicated that there were 416 fetuses with CHD in this study. In our follow-up, there were 82 aborted fetuses with CHD identified by gross anatomy, and all of them had chromosome examination. The indications for chromosome abnormalities were 18 cases, including trisomy 18 in 8 cases, trisomy 21 in 4 cases, trisomy 13 in 2 cases, sex chromosomal abnormalities in 3 cases, and triploid in 1 case. Thirty-one out of 64 cases with normal karyotype underwent FISH detection, and 22q11. 2 microdeletion syndrome was found in 3 cases. Conclusion CHD is associated with chromosome abnormalities and microdeletion. Prenatal chromosome conventional karyotype and FISH examinations should be detected when the fetus is diagnosed with CHD by echocardiography screening so as to reduce birth defects and minimize chromosomal abnormality syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get a better chromosome G band of mouse bone marrow cells specimens, the production method for chromosome G band of mouse bone marrow cells was studied in this experiment. Preparing chromosome slide specimens from mouse bone marrow cells with hypotonic treatment, and the mice were pretreated by colchicine solution with abdominal injection. The specimens were processed by trypsin fluid under different concentrations and times, and then the chromosome G bank production effect was analyzed through microscope. The results showed that the metaphase chromosome G bands processed by the 0. 05% trypsin fluid of 24 - 26 s looked the clearest. But the G bands could not be obtained by processing with the trypsin fluid of low concentration ( 0. 025% ) in the time long to 120 s or with the trypsin fluid of high concentration (0. 125% and 0. 25% ) in the time short to 5 s. Conclusion is that the concentration of trypsin fluid and the digestion time are the main affecting factors of making chromosome G band specimens from mice bone marrow cells. There is a certain linear relationship between the 0. 05% trypsin fluid and processing time, but it is difficult to find the variation law of G bands and processing time in too high or too low concentration. In addition, G bands are also influenced by the chromosome pretreatment, hypotonic treatment, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of the chromosome karyotype of umbilical blood samples in genetic diagnosis. Methods: To analyze retrospectively the data of chromosome karyotype of umbilical blood samples in 2 036 newborns in our hospital from June to December 2013. The chromosome specimen was prepared by the method of conventional peripheral blood lymphocytes culture. Karyotype was analyzed by the G--banding technique. Results: Totally, there were 16 cases (0.79%) of chromosome abnormalities in 2 036 cases, including 13 cases(0.64%) with autosomal abnormalities and 3 cases(0.15%) with sex chromosome abnormalities. There were 3 cases of 21-trisomy(0.15%), a terminal deletion(0.05%), 3 cases of inversion(0.15%), a balanced translocation (0.05%), 3 cases of Robertsonian translocation (0.15%) and two cases of marker chromosome (0.10%) in those autosomal abnormalities. There were 2 cases of 47, XYY (0.10%) and a 46, XX, del (X) (0.05%) in those sex chromosome abnormalities. There were also 181 cases (8.89%) of polymorphic variation karyotypes. Conclusions: We can increase the rate of prenatal diagnosis by improving the prenatal education. Those newborns should be diagnosed early in neonatal phase if pregnant women with high risks did not get prenatal diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the chromosome abnormalities of spontaneous abortion tissues after assisted reproductive techniques (ART),and to discuss the relationship between genetic change and clinical feature. Methods:40 cases of spontaneous abortion villuses from ART, and 113 cases from natural pregnancy as control, were studied by the routine G banding karyotyping after the standard cell culture and harvest. Those cases of culture failure or without culture were analyzed by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Results: (1) There was no significant difference in the rates of abnormal karyotyping between the ART group (50%, 20 cases) and the control group (53.1%, 60 cases, P >0.05). (2) There were no significant differences in the rates of abnormal karyotyping when analyzed those parameters, including women age, primary or secondary infertility, infertility cause (male, female, or both), cycle type (fresh or frozen) (P>0.05). Although there was significant difference in this rate when analyzed IVF method (routine IVF and ICSI) in the limited cases(P<0.05), it should be further studied in more cases. Conclusions: Chromosome abnomalities are the main reason of spontaneous abortion after ART. The combined genetic techniques to detect the spontaneous abortion tissues are helpful for the ART treatment of infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in diffusion chamber in mice after short-term administration of gossypol acetate. The induced chromosomal aberrations of human target cells indiffusion chamber were used as indices of DNA damage. The results showed that the mean frequency of chromosomal aberration of the human lymphocytes in Gossypol-treated mice was slightly higher than that in the control group, but the difference between them was not statistically significant (p 0.05).