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In order to clarify the bioactivity of fluazinam to Fusarium pseudograminearum, the mycelial growth of 86 strains of F. pseudograminearum isolated from various cities in Henan Province from April to May 2022 was determined. The sensitivity baseline was established, and the field control efficacy of fluazinam on Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was determined. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of fluazinam on mycelial growth was 20 µg/mL, the effective concentration (EC50) of fluazinam on the mycelial growth of 86 strains was 0.013-0.492 µg/mL, and the average EC50 value was 0.194 µg/mL. The sensitivity of 57 strains (66.3%) was approximately normal distribution, and the average EC50 value of (0.201±0.057) µg/mL was used as the sensitivity baseline of F. pseudograminearum to fluazinam. The sensitivity of strains in the same city was quite different, and the ratio of the maximum and minimum EC50 value was 2.8-36.7. The difference in Luohe was the largest, and the difference in Xuchang was the smallest. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of strains to fluazinam in different cities. There was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of F. pseudogramine to fluazinam and the geographical origin of the strains in Henan Province. There was no significant correlation between the sensitivity to fluazinam and its sensitivity to carbendazim and tebuconazole. Seed soaking with 500 g/L fluazinam suspension concentrate (SC), the incidence of FCR in Yichuan County and Xin'an County decreased by 45.46% and 56.88%, respectively, at the double ridge stage, and the white spike rate decreased by 8.73% and 13.67%, respectively, at the milky stage. The control efficacy of seed soaking with 500 g/L fluazinam SC against FCR of wheat at the double ridge stage was better, reaching more than 51% in both places. This study laid a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of fluazinam in FCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the important diseases in wheat production. In order to clarify the activity of triazole fungicide triticonazole against F. graminearum, the toxicity of triticonazole against F. graminearum at different developmental stages was determined in the lab. It was found that the sensitivity from low to high is: conidia germination < germ tube elongation < mycelial growth, and the EC50 values were 18.16, 1.332, and 0.4613 µg/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of 101 strains of F. graminearum collected from 9 cities in Henan Province to triticonazole was determined by the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the EC50 values ranged from 0.0586 to 0.9183 µg/mL, with an average of (0.3866 ± 0,1969) µg/mL. The sensitivity frequency distribution showed a continuous single-peak curve. The average EC50 value could be used as the sensitivity baseline of F. graminearum to triticonazole in Henan Province. The combined toxicity assessment of triticonazole with five other fungicides including pydiflumetofen, carbendazim, fludioxonil, phenamacril, and prochloraz against F. graminearum revealed synergy ratio (SR) ranged from 0.53 to 3.76. Different combinations and proportions of the compound showed additive or synergistic effects. Among them, the synergistic effect was the most obvious (SR 3.76) when prochloraz and triticonazole were compounded at a mass ratio of 1: 3. The indoor in vitro control effect determination showed that at a dose of 400 µg/mL of active ingredient, the compound prepared with a mass ratio of 13 of prochloraz and triticonazole had the highest therapeutic efficacy of 82.63%. The research results help guide the scientific and rational use of triticonazole and provide a theoretical basis and data support for the comprehensive prevention and control of wheat FHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution differences of living environment quality among cities and counties in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, to explore the causes of its spatial differentiation pattern, and to provide scientific support for narrowing the living environment gap and building a good living environment in Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan urban agglomeration in the future. [Methods] The relevant human settlement environment indicators of Changsha- Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in 2013, 2015, 2017. 2019 and 2021 were selected. The entropy. method, coupled coordination degree and geographical detector model were used to explore the human settlement environment quality and differentiation mechanism of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, including 23 districts and counties. [Results] (1) Overall, the quality of human settlements in the study area had been improved to varying degrees, but there was a trend of widening the gap. (2) Spatial distribution pattern developed from the high level in center and low levle in surrounding to a balanced level. (3) High coupling degree but low coordination degree of living environment in cities and counties in urban agglomeration was observed. (4) From the analysis of the influencing factors in the natural ecological environment, economic development environment, social security environment and personal living environment, it was found that the natural ecological environment played a fundamental role in the improvement of the living environment. Economic development environment was the key to the improvement of human living environment. Social security environment was the backing of human living environment. Individual living environment was the direct reflection of the quality of human living environment. [Conclusion] The living environment among cities and counties in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration has not reached a better coordinated development stage and the quality of the living environment is the result of multiple factors. Regions should consciously undertake the historical mission of *three-high, four-new' and strong provincial capitalstrategy, realize economic dislocation and high-quality development, further improve regional infrastructure and urban renewal, strengthen the ecological environment construction, and realize high-quality living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Habitat quality is the potential of ecosystems to provide the necessary conditions for species survival and reproduction, and is the key to improving ecosystem functions. Studying the habitat quality of the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for national major strategies such as green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the protection of the Yangtze River. [Methods] Based on land use data from 1980 to 2018 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the InVEST model was used to study the spatiotemporal changes in land use change, habitat quality, and habitat degradation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2018. [Results] (1) As the main type of land use in the study area, woodland was decreasing, mainly turning to construction land and water area, which greatly reflected the driving effect of population growth, economic development and environmental protection on the change of land use structure. (2) The overall habitat quality of the study area was at a high level. showing a trend of low in the east and middle, and high in the south, which was consistent with the land use pattern that most of the cities along the Yangtze River in the east and middle of the study area were dominated by construction land, and the south was dominated by woodland and grassland. (3) In the study area, the degree of habitat degradation was higher in the central area and lower in the surrounding area. The change of the degree of habitat degradation showed an upward trend in time, and the areas where the degree of habitat degradation changes were more concentrated in space, such as the urban agglomeration along the river, urban and rural areas and other population agglomerations. [Conclusion] The habitat evolution in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is in a process of degradation. The process of urbanization makes a large number of woodland, grassland and cultivated land in land use turn to construction land, which leads to the continuous decline of habitat quality, especially the problem of the urban agglomeration. along the Yangtze River. We should develop construction land more reasonably and draw the ecological protection red line, gradually restore and improve the habitat quality of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and make a positive contribution to the process of the Yangtze River protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate on the evolution of rainstorm events and the sources of water vapor transport in Hefei under the background of urbanization, and to provide scientific basis for local rainstorm forecast and formulation of adaptive disaster prevention and reduction policies. [Methods] Trend analysis, Mann-Kendall non-stationarity test, GIS spatial interpolation and other methods were used to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorm events in Hefei, on this basis, the characteristics of rainstorm water vapor transport were analyzed based on the backward trajectory HYSPLIT model of Lagrange method. [Results (1) The urban heat island effect showed an upward trend (0.266°C/10a), impervious water surface continued to increase by 4.99%, the large-scale interannual variability of urban- suburban rainstorms had a feature of asymmetry, with an increase in the amount and number of days of urban rainstorms and a decrease in the intensity of rainstorms at a rate of 1.7 mm/(10 ad); and an increase in the intensity of suburban rainstorms at a rate of 1.1 mm/(10 ad); and a decrease in the amount and number of days of rainstorms. The spatial distribution of the large value area of rainstorm intensity extends outward from urban areas. (2) Urbanization had increased the number and extremity of rainstorm events in downwind urban areas, and the urbanization effect was more pronounced in the rapid development phase than in the slow development phase. The contribution of urbanization effects to the rainfall, number of days and intensity of rainstorms was 41.2%, 50.1%. (3) The water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean. the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea and the Western Pacific accounted for 44%, 64% and 54% of the total water vapor, respectively, and the water vapor mass from the southwest was the main source of water vapor during the rainstorm process because of its low initial height and large specific humidity. [Conclusion] The asymmetry of rainstorm events in the suburbs of Hefei is more significant in the rapid development stage of urbanization. In the future, we should strengthen the research on the mechanism of rainstorm time change under the background of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective Research on the influence mechanism of the five dimensions of farmers' livelihood capital on the intention and behavior of farmland transfer provides a scientific basis for promoting the rational transfer of farmland, improving the utilization efficiency of farmland, and promoting moderate scale management. [Methods] Based on the questionnaire data of 359 farmers from 3 towns and 12 villages in Qufu City, Shandong Province, binary Logistic regression was used for analysis. [Results] Physical capital and financial capital were 5% significantly correlated with transfer intention and transfer-in intention, natural capital was 5% significantly correlated with transfer-out intention, social capital was 10% significantly correlated with transfer-in behavior, and physical capital and social capital were 10% significantly correlated with transfer-out behavior. [Conclusion] The transfer intention of the surveyed area is relatively strong, and the proportion of farmland transfer is relatively high, but there is still a certain gap between the two. The influence of different dimensions of livelihood capital on circulation intention and behavior is not exactly the same. In order to promote the rational circulation of farmland, it is necessary to further improve the market mechanism of farmland circulation, strengthen the macro-control and intermediary functions of the government, and improve the livelihood capital of farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood forecasting is crucial for flood prevention and mitigation in both watersheds and urban areas. In watersheds, the development of flood forecasting methods is relatively mature, while their application in urban areas is still in the research and exploration stage. In practice, high-precision hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling during large floods is constrained to varying degrees by power, timeliness, and transmission conditions, whereas the unit hydrograph method is simple, efficient, has fewer constraints, and plays an important role. To address the current situation, this study introduces an improved synthetic unit hydrograph method to evaluate its practical effectiveness in watershed and urban flood forecasting. Firstly, based on the Snyder's synthetic unit hydrograph method, the flooding process in Muyangxi watershed in Fujian Province was calculated and compared with the results of the Xin'anjiang model and the measured data; secondly, based on the Snyder's synthetic unit hydrograph method, the urban synthetic unit hydrograph was established by taking into account the impermeability of the sub-surface and the slope, which was then applied to the calculation of the flooding process line in the urban area of Zhengzhou, and the differences of the simulation results between this method and the mainstream SWMM model were compared. The differences between this method and the mainstream SWMM model simulation results are compared. The results show that the synthetic unit hydrograph method is close to the measured and hydrological model results in the selected watersheds, and the forecast pass rate is 91.7%, with no peak-present time difference; compared with the SWMM model results, the relative error of the peak flow of the most floods is within 10%, and the coefficient of certainty of the floods in 72.7% is above 0.9. The example application shows that compared with the hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling methods, the partial rise and fall process of the flood calculated by the synthetic unit hydrograph method is better than the model results, which are more in line with the actual process, and its calculation is concise. The synthetic unit hydrograph method requires fewer parameters, and has strong implementation and popularity. The research further verifies the superiority of the synthetic unit hydrograph method in flood forecasting and provides an effective method for flood process calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using panel data from 13 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang for the period 2011-2020, this study constructs an evaluation framework for high-quality agricultural development in Xinjiang from four dimensions: agriculture, environment, resources, and economy. It assesses the level of high-quality agricultural development in Xinjiang and employs cluster analysis to analyze spatial differences in high-quality agricultural development. The results indicate that the comprehensive evaluation of high-quality agricultural development in Xinjiang can be divided into three stages: a period of rapid growth (2011-2013), a period of development decline (2013-2014), and a period of stable growth (2014-2020). The overall level of high-quality agricultural development has shown an increasing trend over the years, with a distinct pattern of North Xinjiang > South Xinjiang > East Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of characteristic towns has created a new development mode for the development of small towns, promoted the extension of talent, technology, finance, information and other factors in rural areas, pulled the integration of rural industries and advanced development, and played an important role in promoting rural revitalization, new urbanization and common prosperity. To realize the high-quality development of characteristic towns, it is necessary to promote the synchronous development of high-quality employment and high-quality life for town residents. Taking Inner Mongolia as an example, the synergistic development relationship between the construction of characteristic towns and high-quality employment is systematically analyzed from the theoretical level and practical level. It is found that the synergistic effect between the construction of characteristic towns and high-quality employment in Inner Mongolia is not strong, and there is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the distribution. Meanwhile, the path of the synergistic development of characteristic towns and high-quality employment is explored with a view to providing certain references and lessons for the sustainable development of characteristic towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper selects the agricultural mechanization data of 14 prefectures (cities) in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2021 to evaluate the high quality development level of agricultural mechanization. Moreover, a multivariate regression econometric model is constructed to empirically analyze the influence level and degree of urban-rural income ratio on Xinjiang’s high-quality agricultural mechanization development. The results show that the rural-urban income ratio has a positive effect on the development level of Xinjiang’s high-quality agricultural mechanization, and the economic and social condition variables also show a certain lag effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To analyze the impact of land use changes on habitat quality in Jingzhou City from 1980 to 2018. [Method] Using methods such as landscape index, habitat quality index and geographic detector, the landscape index and habitat quality index were calculated to evaluate the level and change trend of habitat quality in Jingzhou City, and to explore the degree and direction of the impact of natural and socio-economic factors on habitat quality. [Result] The land use type of Jingzhou City had undergone obvious changes, mainly manifested as the rapid expansion of construction land and the substantial reduction of cultivated land, leading to the shortage of land resources and the deterioration of ecological environment. The changes of land use spread outward from the urban circle, more in the north than in the south and more in the east than in the west. The overall habitat quality in Jingzhou was high, but showed a decreasing trend, and the decline rate slowed down after 2010. The characteristics of habitat quality patches were fragmentation, diversification and uniformity. The overall habitat quality decreased from west to east. Affected by the nature of shoreline and reclamation, the habitat quality decreased significantly in the areas along rivers and lakes. The main factors affecting the distribution of habitat quality in Jingzhou City were the construction land area, elevation, night light brightness, soil type, slope, etc. The leading factors changed from elevation to construction land area. Natural factors determined the basic pattern of habitat quality, and the location and intensity of human activities lead to the change of habitat quality. [Conclusion] It is suggested that priority should be given to ecological restoration in areas along rivers and lakes where the quality of habitat has been reduced, control and standardize urban construction land, strengthen the construction of urban green space, and build sponge cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Taking Jingzhou City as an example, this paper discussed the relationship between urban expansion and farmland loss and its impact on economic growth. [Method] Using a 30-meter annual land cover dataset in China, the spatial and temporal patterns and regional differences of urban expansion and farmland loss during 1990-2019 were analyzed. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was introduced to test the relationship between urban expansion and economic growth through regression analysis of provincial panel data, and the future urban land expansion (FULE) dataset was used to predict farmland pressure under future scenarios. [Result] Urban expansion was the main cause of farmland loss, accounting for 76% of newly built urban land and 28% of farmland loss. Cities above the county level were more inclined to use farmland for construction, while cities below the county level had more farmland converted to other uses. There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between urban expansion and farmland loss, indicating that the loss of farmland increased first and then decreased with economic growth, and began to decouple after reaching an inflection point in 2012. Some coastal and large cities had entered a stage of reduced farmland loss, while some inland and small and medium-sized cities were still in a stage of increased farmland loss. It was estimated that by 2050, 0.3-0.4 million hectares of arable land in Jingzhou will be occupied by urban land, and third-and fourth-tier cities will suffer the most losses. [Conclusion] It was recommended to strengthen land planning and management, control urban expansion, optimize land use structure, improve land use efficiency, protect arable land resources, promote regional coordinated development, and achieve a balance between economy and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of homework time on myopia of primary school students and evaluate its differences among different grades. Methods A total of 183 districts in 21 cities of Sichuan Province were selected as research sites. Two primary schools were randomly selected from each research site, and students in grades 4-6 were selected form the whole class basis. At least 80 students from each school were selected for visual screening and questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of homework duration on myopia. Results 47 054 students from grades 4 to 6 were included in the study, including 32.5% in grade 4, 33.4% in grade 5 and 34.0% in grade 6. The myopia rate of students in grades 4-6 was 50.3%, and it increased with the increase of grade. After controlling covariates, the average daily homework time < 1 h was taken as reference, and the homework time of 1-2 hours was the risk factor for myopia (OR = 1.059, P = 0.008). Stratified by sex, the same effect was observed in male students (OR = 1.102, P = 0.001), and was most pronounced in male students in grade 5 (OR = 1.123, P = 0.026). The same effect was observed among students with good economic level (OR = 1.097, P = 0.005). Conclusion Homework may increase the risk of myopia of primary school students. It is suggested to arrange homework time scientifically and reasonably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the trend of acute myocardial infarction mortality and potential life loss among residents in Nanning City from 2015 to 2023, and provide a basis for formulating chronic disease prevention and control policies. Methods To collate the death cause monitoring data of the whole population in Nanning City. Crude mortality, standardized mortality, age-specific mortality, composition ratio, potential years of life lost (PYLL%), standardized years of life lost (SPYLL%) and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated. Joinpointlog-linear regression model was used for trend analysis. Results From 2015 to 2023, a total of 38 870 deaths from acute myocardial infarction were reported in 12 counties (cities, districts) of Nanning City, including 22 566 males and 16 304 females. The crude mortality rate was 59.84/100 000, and the standardized mortality rate was 53.70/100 000. The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate both showed a stable trend, with AAPC values of -1.408 and -2.892, and P values of 0.443 and 0.054, respectively. The mortality rate increases with age and shows a linear increase after the age of 40. The proportion of pre hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction ranged from 81.53% to 87.29%, which was at a high level, but showed an overall downward trend (AAPC = -0.552%, P = 0.007). The potential life loss rate ranged from 0.33% to 0.42%, with an average life loss of 6.02 years to 7.03 years, and the trend of change was not statistically significant. However, the potential life loss rate and average life loss of women showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of -5.941% and -3.475%, respectively, and P values of 0.01. Conclusion The mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction in Nanning City is relatively high, and the potential loss of life is severe. Pre hospital emergency treatment and health education for acute myocardial infarction should be strengthened, and the elderly and men are the key population for prevention and con. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the changes in cotton production and the yield increase pattern in Xinjiang, mathematical statistics and gravity center models were used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of cotton production. The pattern and contribution factors of cotton yield increase were discussed based on relevant data from 1988 to 2020. The variation in cotton production in Xinjiang since 1988 showed two stages. The first was an upward fluctuating period (1988—2014), where cotton yield increased from 1.712×105 t to 3.378×106 t, and the planted area increased from 2.213×105 hm² to 1.970×106 hm² . During the second period of fluctuating decline (2015—2020), the cotton yield decreased to 3.027×106 t, and the planted area decreased to 1.637×106 hm² . From 1988 to 2020, the cotton production, planted area, and yield in most cities and regions of Xinjiang significantly increased, but there were significant differences among regions. Southern Xinjiang had a prominent position in cotton production, with Aksu, Kashgar, and Bayingolin contributing 65.43% to the increase of cotton yield in Xinjiang. The increase rate in cotton production of Hami in eastern and northern Xinjiang was faster than that in southern Xinjiang, relocating the gravity center of cotton production to the northeast by 300.96 km, from Kashgar to Aksu. The increase in cotton production in Xinjiang was mainly led by the planted area (74.61%) . In the future, Xinjiang should consider increasing cotton yield per unit area as the main way to ensure cotton yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the evolution of the spatial pattern of population aging in Gansu Province over the past 30 years, exploring its spatial distribution patterns and regional differences. Methods Data on the elderly population from 14 cities (prefectures) in Gansu Province from 1990 to 2020 were collected. Indicators such as the elderly population coefficient, relative aging degree, and aging speed were selected to evaluate the aging development in Gansu Province. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics of the evolution of the spatial pattern of population aging at the city level in Gansu. Results The trend of aging in Gansu Province was quite severe, with particularly notable aging development in Jinchang and Baiyin cities. The aging trend in Gansu Province exhibited a gradual development from the southeast to the northwest, with a positive spatial clustering effect of aging observed among various units. High-value and low-value clusters shifted, with the southern region of Gansu being the primary area of high-value clustering, while low-value clusters transitioned from the northern region of Gansu to the southwestern area populated by ethnic minorities. The issue of imbalanced aging development among different regions gradually became prominent. Conclusion The level of aging and the spatial distribution pattern in Gansu Province are strengthening gradually, with significant characteristics of spatial aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As traditional geographical distances diminish, new patterns of regional spatial configuration continuously emerge and develop, with the dominance of flow space shaping the new landscape of regional spatial networks. From the viewpoint of passenger flows, and with the help of the social network analysis method, the present paper constructed a comprehensive passenger flow matrix based on passenger frequency data. It analyzed the characteristics of the passenger transport network of the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration from three aspects, namely network nodes, connection flow lines, and the overall network. and then explored its influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) From the point of network nodes, the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration passenger transportation network shows the characteristics of multiple levels and regional differentiation as a whole, plays a leading role as the first level of Guangzhou. (2) From the point of connection flow lines, passenger flows between cities are led by Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which plays a core leading role in their hinterland. The connection between cities is strong along the axis from northwest to southeast along the Pearl River. (3) From the perspective of the overall network, its development level is relatively high in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration, and the network centralization degree is relatively high as well. (4) From the perspective of influencing factors, policy and natural factors will have an impact on passenger flow. Through quantitative analysis of economic and social factors, it is found that R&D input, GDP, fixed asset investment and urbanization rate show a positive impact on passenger network, while resident population and foreign direct investment show a negative impact on passenger network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to lead Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle to stride forward to world-class urban agglomeration, promote regional economic integrated development, and boost domestic circulation with regional circulation for accelerating the formation of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and the domestic and international dual circulation promoting each other. Based on the perspective of urban network structure, the urban network structure characteristics and differences of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle are described by using the social network analysis method and the visualization function of ArcGIS spatial analysis tool on the basis of constructing the urban spatial connection network of transportation, economy, population and information by using the data of railway and highway passenger transport frequency, regional outward function influence quantity, population migration quantity and Baidu index. Finally, the optimization strategies and suggestions of the network structure of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle are put forward from different perspectives. The results show that: (1) The urban network shows a dual-core circle radial spatial structure dominated by "Chengdu and Chongqing", and the overall network connection presents an "unbalanced" pattern. (2) The embryonic form of urban system is emerging, the network structure is not stable, and the resilience needs to be further improved. The overall index calculation shows that the tightness of the urban network is population> information> economy> transportation. (3) The "core-periphery" effect is significant, the "collapse" phenomenon is obvious, and there is no strong secondary central city. (4) The distribution of cohesive subgroups is highly different, and the spatial distribution of the cities in the agglomerated subgroups is basically in line with the geographical proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the requirements of refined urban governance strategy, not only the construction of physical space security defense system, but also fully creating residents' sense for daily life security should be emphasized in urban security research, so as to improve the quality of the city and enhance its attractiveness. Firstly, this research fully considers the interaction among residents' activities, natural disasters, social risks and the built environment, and then constructs the urban security sense mechanism model. Secondly, the indicator system of urban security sense is established from three dimensions of personal sense, built environment and behavioral activities. Furthermore, it uses multi-source big data to synthetically measure residents' security sense, taking the main urban area of Nanjing as an example. Finally, this research evaluates the security sense in Nanjing City, explores its spatial distribution pattern, and puts forward the corresponding spatial optimization path. The results show that: the spatial pattern of residents' security sense in Nanjing City is wholly 'higher in the center and lower in the north & south, with obvious group distribution', although there are some differences in the three dimensions. The security sense is higher in the important business districts and their surrounding residential areas developed early, and it is lower in the developing new towns and the industrial supporting residential areas. Many optimization strategies can promote the security level of the low-security sense areas, including function implantation, transportation system design, public service facility layout, environmental feature restoration, community space design, planning policy guidance, organization system design and smart management platform construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's leading maritime capital is the global maritime economic centre. In this paper, we review the theoretical debates and the evolution of the field of maritime centre cities research, compare the research on maritime centre cities in the Eastern and Western, and put forward the focus of the world's maritime centre cities research and its urgent dilemmas under the new international situation. We found that: ①The world's leading maritime capital is closely related to the concepts of global city, centre city and maritime city, and then clarifies the theoretical issues such as the origin and concept of the world's leading maritime capital, their nature, characteristics and growth mechanisms; ② Introducing evaluation methods related to world's leading maritime capital, proposing its unique functions, comparison and growth evaluation methods, and so on. ③ In the new state of globalization, research on the world's leading maritime capital should focus on research scales and empirical innovations. Evaluating the world's leading maritime capital by drawing on the urban studies doctrines of urban function, urban competitiveness, flow space and their indicators' quantitative identification methods. Future research should focus on debugging the evaluation model and its indicator threshold parameters with empirical evidence, improving the applicability and practicability of the existing model, expanding the existing network analysis paradigm of trade, transportation, multinational company branches, patents, talents and other flows, and innovating the methodology of the research on the world's maritime capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of transnational and domestic intercity patent transfer, this paper depicts the evolution pattern of China's innovation network from the "glocal" perspective, and uses the PVAR model to explore and empirically test the endogenous mechanism of the evolution of the "glocal" innovation network. The results show that: (1) From 2004 to 2018, China's "glocal" innovation network scale and the degree of connection were increasing, and the degree of tightness and evolution speed of the domestic intercity technology transfer network was greater than that of the transnational technology transfer network; (2) The external node cities are concentrated in East Asia, Western Europe and North America, and show the trend of "moving eastward". The corresponding domestic gateway cities are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. The internal and external connection degree of domestic cities presents isomorphic characteristics in the spatial pattern, and shows the difference in the order of internal and external connections; (3) In the evolution of the "glocal" innovation network, there is a one-way and two-way self-reinforcing effect of technology transfer, reflecting the convergence and expansion characteristics of urban nodes; (4) The gateway city is the carrier of the interaction between the global and local innovation networks, and there are complementary and competitive effects between transnational technology transfer and domestic technology transfer. For China, the complementary effect is mainly reflected between the transnational technology import and the domestic technology export, and the competitive effect is reflected in the substitution and squeezing effect of the transnational technology import and the domestic technology import and the domestic technology export on the transnational technology export [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ridesharing is an essential part of shared mobility for improving passengers' travel efficiency in cities. The existing studies usually determine shareable trips based on whether the arrival sequence of vehicles in more than one pick-up and drop-off points can meet the predefined spatiotemporal constraints. Such a simple approach cannot quickly and comprehensively find all the potential shareable trips under scenarios involving large-scale car-sharing requests. Methods: Based on the modeling method of space-time prism and the spatial-temporal expression of passengers' sharing willing, we first propose a potential spatiotemporal path area model of travel. Then, we apply the topological relation between the spacetime prisms of trips for ridesharing identification, and quantify the strength of ridesharing of trips. Finally, two ridesharing matching strategies are proposed to simulate the ridesharing matching process in real-world transport environment. Results: The proposed ridesharing identification model can accurately delineate the potential space-time accessibility of vehicular travel, which makes it easier to discover all potential shareable trips and to realize the accurate and effective ridesharing identification. Conclusions: This study can be helpful for vehicle dispatching and passengers' travel planning in shared urban mobility system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking Guangxi as a case study, this study explored the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics of the spatial network structure of tourism economic linkages in Guangxi from 2010-2019 by applying the modified gravity model, social network analysis method, Ucinet software and ArcGIS. The study shows that (1) from 2010 to 2019, the tourism economic linkage degree of various cities in Guangxi was increasing year by year and became closely connected, but the overall regional network structure remained noticeably imbalanced; (2) there are differences in the centrality of the network of various cities in the region, and Nanning-Yulin-Guilin-Liuzhou has become the main linkage channel for the development of tourism economy in Guangxi; (3) there is an obvious core-edge zone stratification in Guangxi, and the density value of tourism economic linkage in the core zone increases year by year, while the improvement in the edge-edge area is relatively small; (4) the spatial distribution of the four cohesive subgroups of tourism economic linkage in Guangxi has deteriorated, owing to the imbalance of the spatial distribution within the subgroups which lead to the poor stability of the overall tourism economic structure. Based on this, a synergistic development model of "tourism core cities - tourism city clusters - tourism economic belt" is proposed to support the high-quality development of tourism in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective Background Suicide has become a major public health issue of global concern. Suicidal ideation represents the initial psychological and one of the strongest predictorsactivities associated with suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideation is a dynamic state factor rather than a static trait factor, so it is necessary to study the development trajectory of suicidal ideation and its related factors. Objective To investigate the development trajectory and relatedfactors of suicide ideation college students. Methods From 2019 to 2021,1438 college students in a university in Guangdong Province were selected for three longitudinal tracking each October by using the method of convenient sampling. The Self - rating ideas of suicide scale(SIOSS) was used to measure the level of suicide ideation. Data analysis was mainly based on the Latent Growth Mixed Model(LGMM) to analyze the development trajectory of students' suicide ideation. Multivariate Logistic Regression model was established to analyze the related factors to the variation of each potential category of suicidal ideation. Results From 2019 to 2021, the total scores of college students' suicidal ideation were 3. 79 ± 2. 87, 3. 71 ± 2. 90 and 3. 32 ± 2. 87, showing a decreasing trend over time. The development tendencies of college students' suicide ideation have been classified into 3 categories: Cl group (worsening suicidal ideation group) (11.8%), C2 group (persistent low suicidal ideation group) (79.6%), and C3 group (relieving suicidal ideation group) (8.6%). Compared with Cl group, college students who had an average (OR = 2. 52, 95% CI: 1. 31 -4. 86)or happy childhood (OR = 3. 95,95% CI: 2. 02 - 7. 74), no history of suicide attempt (OR = 9. 03, 95% CI: 3, 49 - 23. 36), and were extroverted (OR = 1. 03, 95% C/: 1. 01 - 1. 05) were more likely to enter C2 group. Students who were from cities (OR = 0. 54, 95% CI: 0, 31 - 0. 93), got high neuroticism scores (OR = 0. 86, 95% CI: 0, 84 - 0. 88) were less likely to enter the C2 group. College students with happy childhood life(OR = 3. 29, 95% CI: L 40 - 7. 74) were more likely to enter the C3 group, but students from cities (OR 二 0. 37, 95% C/;0. 18 - 0. 78) were less likely to enter the C3 group. Conclusion The development tendencies of college students' suicide ideation can be classified into three categories: worsening suicidal ideation group, persistent low suicidal ideation group, and relieving suicidal ideation group. The developmental trajectory of suicidal ideation is related to birthplace, childhood life, suicide history, and personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization and cultivated land use have presented a complex and dynamic relationship. This study aims to reveal the coupling and coordination relationship between urbanization and cultivated land use ecological efficiency, together with the driving factors behind it. The statistical data was collected from the 88 prefecture-level cities (states and leagues) in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2020. The comprehensive evaluation was then adopted to measure the urbanization development level using the SBM-Undesirable model, and the coupling coordination degree model. The cultivated land use ecological efficiency and the coupling coordination degree were achieved after evaluation. The results show that: (1) The development level of urbanization increased steadily, but there was a much more outstanding feature of spatial differentiation. The first echelon of urbanization was gradually distributed in the downstream coast of the Yellow River, the middle and upper reaches of the northern part of the Yellow River; The ecological efficiency of cultivated land use was significantly improved with the imbalance of "high in the middle and low in the surroundings" in the local areas. (2) It continued to rise the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and cultivated land use ecological efficiency. But there was no reach in the advanced level of coordination. The extreme situation of "high in the east and low in the west" in the spatial distribution gradually evolved into the polycentric "high in the middle and low in the surroundings" pattern of differences. The overall spatial differences were gradually narrowing to evolve into the "high in the middle and low in the surroundings" pattern. Two types of coupling coordination were the "high-high" and "low-low" agglomeration. Among them, the "high-high" agglomeration was concentrated mainly in the downstream areas, such as Shandong and Henan Provinces. While the "low-low" agglomeration was mainly concentrated in the upstream areas of Gansu Province. (3) There were the influencing factors on the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and cultivated land use ecological efficiency, such as the scale of cultivated land operation, the income level of farmers, the government's agricultural support, the elevation, the average annual precipitation, and the average annual temperature. There was a non-linear and two-factor enhancement of the interaction among the driving factors. Therefore, much effort should be continued to narrow the gap between the development level of urbanization and the cultivated land use ecological efficiency among regions. In addition, breakthroughs and upgrades should be promoted in the level of coordination between urbanization and the cultivated land use ecological efficiency. The demonstration and leadership were found in the "high-high" agglomeration areas. Finally, it is necessary to take the regional background as the primary determinant of urbanization development and arable land use. While the interaction and complementary enhancement of each factor can be fully considered to synergistically improve the coordinated development of regional urbanization and arable land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the response mechanisms of vegetation dynamics in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to climate factors for a deeper understanding of the causes behind these alterations. It also serves as scientific evidence for guiding ecological restoration efforts in the region.【Method】Trends analysis, partial correlation analysis, machine learning techniques, and explainable method were employed to examine the spatiotemporal changes in the kernel normalized difference vegetation index （kNDVI） in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2000 to 2020, as well as to investigate the differential responses of kNDVI within the region and across different land use types to precipitation and temperature. 【Result】 The findings indicated an improving trend for the kNDVI in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with a growth rate of 0.025 per decade. The northwest region exhibited more significant improvement, particularly in forests, which accounted for approximately 17% of the total area. The kNDVI of grasslands showed the fastest growth rate, increasing by 0.061 per decade. The surrounding areas of the southeastern cities were obviously degraded, and the cultivated land kNDVI changed frequently, showing more improvement. The correlation between kNDVI and temperature and precipitation displayed a marked positive trend, with a negative correlation found only around the southern cities. The multi-year SHAP value of precipitation was 0.028, and the multi-year SHAP value of temperature was 0.016, both of which had a positive impact on kNDVI in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The overall impact of precipitation on kNDVI was stronger than that of temperature. The kNDVI response of Beijing-Hebei-Tianjin to climate was characterized by regional disparities. The kNDVI of the cultivated land in the southeast plain region and the forest and grassland in the northwest mountain region were significantly promoted by precipitation. In contrast, the kNDVI of the sparse vegetation areas around the cities and Zhangjiakou was negatively affected by precipitation. For the northwest woodland and grassland kNDVI, the promotion of temperature was stronger than precipitation. Temperature had a certain negative impact on the cultivated land kNDVI located in the southern plain, while the urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, and residential land kNDVI were most negatively affected by temperature. 【Conclusion】Vegetation change in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed a stronger positive response to precipitation, with distinct regional spatial differences in the kNDVI response to climate factors for various land use types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of scarlet fever in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2022, in order to understand its incidence level and epidemiological characteristics, and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control. Methods The scarlet fever data from 2010 to 2022 in Yunnan Province were obtained from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The spatial distribution was described, and seasonal trends were analyzed using seasonal indices. A total of 92 scarlet fever cases reported by 22 medical institutions in the province were randomly selected for verification of diagnostic accuracy. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 21 081 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Yunnan Province, with only 5.25% confirmed cases. The average annual incidence rate was 3,44 per 100 000, with no reported deaths. There were two peaks in the incidence rate each year, in spring/summer and winter, accounting for 49,78% and 17.43% of the total annual cases, respectively. The highest incidence rates were observed in children under 10 years old, with an incidence rate of 23.75 per 100 000, and the incidence rate in boys was higher than that in girls. The cities and prefectures with the highest average annual incidence rates were Lijiang city (10.49 per 100 000), Yuxi city (7.67 per 100 000), Dali Prefecture (5.54 per 100 000), and Pu-er city (5.21 per 100 000). The areas with significant increases in incidence rates around 2020 were Diqing Prefecture, Nujiang Prefecture, Qujing city, and Wenshan Prefecture, and the specific counties with significant increases were Qiubei County in Wenshan Prefecture, Weixi County in Diqing Prefecture, Luoping County in Qujing city, and Lanping County in Nujiang Prefecture, Among the 92 scarlet fever cases reported by the 22 medical institutions from 2021 to 2022, the diagnostic accuracy was 56.52%. Conclusion From 2010 to 2022, the overall incidence of scarlet fever in Yunnan Province showed an increasing trend. It is recommended to implement comprehensive prevention measures focusing on health education in key epidemic areas such as Lijiang, Yuxi, and Dali, and to carry out pathogen surveillance. In areas with significant recent increases in incidence, such as Qiubei County in Wenshan Prefecture, Weixi County in Diqing Prefecture, and Lanping County in Nujiang Prefecture, it is recommended to conduct quality verification of case diagnosis to understand the true situation of scarlet fever incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of transportation infrastructure can reshape the economic geogra‐ phy patterns. The opening of high-speed railways promotes the flow of innovation elements among regions, enhances the knowledge spillover effect, affects regional innovation activities, or even affects the structure of regional knowledge innovation network. Based on the extant literature, this article summarized the relationship between high-speed railways and knowledge innovation in cities along railway lines in terms of the exact impact, differential performance and the mechanism, and further explained the micro mechanism of the impact of the opening of high-speed railways on regional knowledge innovation from the perspective of enterprises. According to the literature analysis, this article draws the following conclusions. Firstly, high-speed rail‐ ways do have an impact on knowledge innovation, but there are regional differences, which are related to geographical distance and urban heterogeneity. Secondly, the opening of high-speed railways promotes the flow and agglomeration of innovation factors, and expands knowledge spillover effects, which will affect regional knowledge innovation. However, both the agglomeration effect and knowledge spillover effect have two sides, so they show different influence effects in different regions. Thirdly, the opening of high-speed railways is conducive to expanding the commuting field, broadening knowledge channels and increasing temporary agglomeration, so as to increase the opportunities for enterprises to obtain innovative talents, cross-regional co‐ operation and knowledge sharing, and promote their innovative output. Finally, this article puts forward an analytical framework and some topics worthy of in-depth discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper used the theoretical tool of knowledge bases, constructed the index system from five dimensions of production, consumption, labor market, foreign trade and innovation to explore the spatial evolution of economic resilience and the impacts of different knowledge bases on regional economic resilience in the Pearl River Delta. The results are as follows: ①Industrial knowledge bases are differentiated into five types: analytical knowledge base, symbolic knowledge base, analytical-synthetic knowledge base, synthetic-analytical-symbolic knowledge base, and synthetic-symbolic-analytical knowledge base. ②From 2005 to 2019, the region‐ al economic resilience level of central cities increased noticeably, while that of the eastern and western cities decreased. As a whole, the spatial structure of economic resilience changes from the "double core" of the central and eastern regions to the "single core" of the central regions. ③ The specialization of analytical knowledge base and proportional equalization of knowledge bas‐ es significantly improve regional economic resilience, while the specialization of symbolic knowledge base and synthetic-symbolic-analytical knowledge base go against the improvement of economic resilience. ④Research and development resources have significant positive effects on the improvement of economic resilience, while economic scale has negative effect. Through the innovative source of knowledge production, understanding and identifying the differences in economic resilience performance of cities with different innovative characteristics can provide a new framework and ideas for the differentiated strategy of enhancing regional resilience and path selection of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to carry out accurate identification of urban shrinkage and comparative analysis of its influencing factors in large national regions, to reduce the error based on administrative area identification. By constructing the VANUI index, calculating the one-dimensional linear regression coefficient of the DN value of night light and the WorldPop population grid data, and based on the overlay of the regression coefficient of the DN value of night light, and the regression coefficient of the WorldPop population grid data, the urban areas of East Germany and Northeast China in the two stages of 2000-2009 and 2010-2018 were divided into four types: absolute growth, smart shrinkage, negative growth and absolute shrinkage. This pa‐ per then studied and compared the spatio-temporal distribution and transformation path of the two stages of absolute shrinkage and smart shrinkage in the two regions, and constructed a panel regression model from population growth, scientific and technological development level, medical service level and other aspects to conduct a comparative analysis of the influencing factors of the two stages of urban shrinkage in the two regions. The results show that the absolute shrink‐ age areas in the two regions have a great similarity in spatiotemporal distribution and transformation path; the smart shrinkage areas are similar in spatiotemporal distribution, but different in transformation path; the absolute shrinkage areas in the two regions and two stages is relatively small; the mechanism of population growth in the two regions has both similarities and differences, and has different connotations due to differences in national conditions. This study shows that: (1)Urban shrinkage areas have the potential for short-term growth, and their development rights should be treated equally; (2)The absolute shrinking areas should be given special attention and governance, while the smart shrinking areas should be regarded as a reasonable development model for urban shrinking areas; (3)Continuously improving the level of medical, elderly care services and research investment, steadily promoting the transformation of living environment and infrastructure in existing areas, and reasonably controlling incremental development can help alleviate the phenomenon of urban shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the constructed synthetic DMSP/OLS nighttime lighting dataset, carbon emissions from energy consumption in 286 cities in China from 2005 to 2019 were simulated and their influencing factors were analyzed from the perspective of spatial and temporal heterogeneity using the MGWR model. The results show that: ①The MGWR model is more suitable for analyzing the spatial heterogeneity of factors influencing carbon emissions in Chinese cities. ②In general, economic development and energy intensity facilitate carbon emissions from energy consumption in Chinese cities. Industrial upgrading and population density mainly show inhibiting effects, while foreign investment, population size, and green innovation show a heterogeneous impact model. ③specifically, the effects of each factor have strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The positive effect of economic development increases from east to west and from south to north; the energy intensity shows a positive impact with the central cities as the center and decreases in a radial pattern; the high-value area of the negative impact of industrial upgrading is mainly in the areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai, while the low-value area is in the provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Hainan; the negative impact of population density is low in the cities of the northeast; the negative impact of foreign investment tends to in‐ crease from west to east; the impact pattern of population size changes from heterogeneous to positive, with the positive impact decreasing from the northeast to the southwest; the impact pat‐ tern of green innovation changes from negative to heterogeneous, with the positive impact area mainly in the cities of the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the fifth and sixth national census data and the seventh national census bulletin of administrative regions at the prefecture level and above, the Gini coefficient, Theil index, spatial autocorrelation analysis and other methods are used to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of talent agglomeration in Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020, and the multiscale geographically weighted regression is used to study the spatial heterogeneity and spatial scale of the influencing factors of talent agglomeration. The results show that: ①There is a large gap in the distribution of talents in eastern, central, and western cities in China, forming a distribution pattern of "strong in the east and weak in the central and west" and regional "one super and many strong", and the gap in average talent density tends to narrow. ②The distribution of talents shows great imbalance, with a slight weakening trend of instability. ③On the whole, the density of talents presents a significant positive spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial ag‐ glomeration effect of talents is becoming more and more significant. Locally, the Yangtze River Delta high-high talent agglomeration area and the Pearl River Delta high-high talent agglomeration area are gradually formed; the low-level talent agglomeration area composed of low-low talent agglomeration cities will have a homogeneous impact on its neighboring cities; some provincial capital cities in the west have significant high-low agglomeration characteristics, forming a "center-periphery" talent agglomeration pattern. ④The proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, the proportion of science and education expenditure in total fiscal expenditure, per capita GDP, the number of general higher education institutions, per capita public library collections, and the number of public transportation vehicles per 10 000 people have a significant positive impact on talent agglomeration, and the intensity of the impact decreases in order. Among them, the eco‐ nomic environment factor represented by the tertiary industry's share of GDP and per capita GDP has a relatively small spatial scale and strong spatial heterogeneity. Other independent variables are close to the global scale, and the spatial heterogeneity is not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Flood disaster is a very destructive natural disaster. The main reasons for its generation include heavy rainfall, storm surge and dam break. When flood disaster occurs in populated areas such as cities and towns, the flood will directly threaten the safety of life and property of residents. Also it will cause paralysis of land and underground transportation, interruption of water and electricity transportation. In the process of flood rescue, quick and accurate identification of flooded roads is conducive to planning appropriate personnel transfer and material transportation routes, and reducing subsequent losses caused by floods. Aiming at the problem that roads in the flood disaster scenario cannot be automatically and correctly identified, this paper proposes an end-to-end flooded road detection method based on deep learning. Methods: The proposed method uses a three-branch encoder-decoder structure and uses strip convolution, in which the efficient extraction of linear features is realized. And the coordination dual attention mechanism can effectively guide the network, and realize the identification of road areas. The method can effectively utilize the historical optical remote sensing images before the disaster and the real-time optical remote sensing during the disaster. The image is applied to detect the flooded and non-flooded roads in the disaster-stricken area, and a comparative experiment is carried out on the self-built dataset. Results: The experimental results show that the precison and recall rate are 0.838 1 and 0.666 8 on pre-disaster road, 0.796 6 and 0.607 4 on post-disaster road, 0.780 0 and 0.661 4 on affected road respectively. Conclusions: The proposed method has achieved the goal of automatically identifying the flooded roads in the flood-stricken area. The ability of detecting flooded roads and non-flooded roads can provide strong support for flood disaster rescue and reduce losses of life and property caused by flood disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of land ecological security in the Yellow River Basin, to clarify its deductive law, and to help accelerate the construction and development of ecological civilization in the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Based on the statistical data from 2012 to 2021, 58 cities in the Yellow River Basin were selected as the research unit. system of evaluation index was established, integrated entropy weight TOPSIS method and Moran index were used to explore the temporal and spatial evolution law, and grey prediction GM(1.1) model was used to explore future trend. [Results] (1) In terms of time, the whole level of land ecological security was not high in Yellow River Basin, but showed a trend of good development year by year, and experienced an improvement from sensitive level' to good level'. (2) From the spatial distribution point of view, the land ecological security presented the characteristics of large cohabitation and small aggregation' which always showed a step-shaped distribution pattern of 'the highest level in downstream was, the medium level in the middle reaches, and the lowest level in upper reaches'. (3) The land ecological security of the Yellow River Basin had obvious positive correlation in space and significant agglomeration characteristics, Locally, the high safety values (H-H) were clustered in Shandong and Henan, the low safety value are clustered in Qinghai, Gansu and Shaanxi of the middle and upper reaches. (4) From 2022 to 2025, the land ecological security level will maintain a steady rise, and the land ecological security level will remain at 'good level'. [Conclusion] The level of land ecological security in the Yellow River Basin continues to improve, but the overall level is not high, and land ecosystem governance and joint protection in the areas along the basin should be continually promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the risk of low temperature freezing damage in winter for thermophilic vegetables in greenhouse in Fujian province, this study utilized the meteorological monitoring data from representative plastic greenhouses in Fuqing and Qingliu from December 2020 to February 2023, as well as assimilated land surface minimum temperature data during the same period. Regression models were developed for the minimum temperature inside the greenhouse under different weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, overcast and rainy. Based on data from the 66 meteorological stations in Fujian province from 1991 to 2020, daily minimum temperature inside greenhouse were inferred from December to February in previous years. Based on the low-temperature data inside the greenhouses, authors constructed a risk classification index system for freezing damage of thermophilic vegetables in greenhouses in Fujian. The weights of the indicators were determined by using the subjective-objective comprehensive weight method, and a risk assessment model for freezing damage was established to carry out the risk zoning of freezing damage in greenhouse for thermophilic vegetables in Fujian province. The results showed that: (1) the regression models for the minimum temperature in the greenhouse during winter under different weather conditions, including sunny, cloudy, overcast, and rainy, had R² greater than 0.75, and the absolute errors of the model validation were 0.6°C, 1.4°C, 1.0°C, and 0.5°C, respectively. (2) The low-risk area for cold and freezing damage of thermophilic vegetables in greenhouse mainly distributed in the coastal counties and cities south of Fuzhou with elevations below 200m. The medium-risk area mainly concentrated in the coastal areas of the north and the inland areas of the south with elevations between 200m and 500m. The moderate-risk area was mainly distributed in the middle and high altitude mountainous areas with elevations between 500m and 1000m in the southern inland and the coastal areas with elevations between 200m and 500m in the north, basically surrounding the areas with severe freezing damage and extending to lower elevations. The high-risk area mainly distributed in the areas above 1000m in Wuyi mountains, Jiufeng mountains, Daiyun mountains, Boping ridge, and Daimao mountain, where significant losses occurred and were not suitable for greenhouse thermophilic vegetable cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]