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Objective To investigate the impacts of metformin on autophagy and inflammation of intervertebral disc tissue in rabbits, so as to preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism of its anti-intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods The rabbits were diveded into: sham operation group, model group, metformin group, autophagy inhibitor group and metformin + autophagy inhibitor group, with 10 rabbits in each. The positive expression of autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7) was measured by immunohistochemical staining; The expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3Ⅱ, Beclin1, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and apoptosis-related protein caspase-8 was measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the model group, the intervertebral disc degeneration of the rabbits in the metformin group was alleviated; The formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes increased. The expression of autophagy proteins increased; And the expression of inflammation and apoptosis proteins decreased (PPConclusions Metformin may inhibit the apoptosis of intervertebral disc tissue and improve intervertebral disc degeneration by promoting autophagy activation and attenuating inflammatory response.

In this paper, the conversion of methanol and butanol and the differences in product distribution over H-SAPO-34 were investigated. Some important reaction intermediates were captured during the reaction process by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP MAS NMR) spectroscopy. In the methanol conversion process, ethene, propene and butene are the main products, while in the butanol conversion process, butanol is mainly dehydrated to form butene, and propene and butene are the main products in the initial stage. Light olefins are generated from both methanol and butanol conversion over H-SAPO-34. Furthermore, the aromatic species were observed in both retained species analysis and 13C CP MAS NMR, indicating that similar organic species confined in the H-SAPO-34 during the conversion of alcohols. Starting from different kinds of alcohols, the acid-catalysis environment in the confined space of H-SAPO-34 can catalyze the methanol and butanol conversion to produce light olefins.

The accurate evaluation of the communication quality of the interconnection link of the data center is an important basis to realize the coordination in the data network. In this paper, a hybrid amplification model for all-optical data center interconnection networks based on wavelength selective switches is established, which can quickly evaluate indicators such as optical signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate in the interconnected links. In this paper, the data center interconnection link under the condition of no repeater amplification is discussed. The amplifier selection schemes under different interconnection distances are given. Through the simulation, the influence of different path selection on the communication quality of the interconnection link is compared under the conditions of the same interconnection distance and optical power gain. According to the corresponding theoretical model and algorithm, the optimal routing of the data center Internet can be established.

【Background】 Puyang in Henan province stretches across the Yellow River Basin and the Haihe River Basin. This geographical location makes its agriculture depend upon Yellow River Water in the south and groundwater in the north. Long-term over-extraction of groundwater has substantially dropped the groundwater table to a depth critical to compromising food production and hindering economic development of the region. 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatiotemporal change in shallow groundwater table and its underlying determinants in attempts to provide guidance to help develop sustainable agriculture and water usage in the region. 【Method】 GIS coupled with sliding window correlation analysis was used to analyse the spatiotemporal variation of shallow groundwater table in Puyang, and the response of groundwater table to precipitation, water level in the Yellow River and agricultural irrigation usage was calculated, from which we discussed the strategies to secure water supply while in the meantime alleviating groundwater table to continuing to decline. 【Result】 Inter-annual groundwater table from 2006 to 2018 changed erratically in the north which is part of the Haihe River Basin, and declines gradually in the south which is part of the Yellow River Basin. In the north the groundwater was the shallowest in February, whereas in the south that was in April and October. The groundwater table in the north and south both dropped to the deepest point in June. Spatially, the depth of groundwater table increased from the south to the north, and along the Yellow River, it increased from upstream to downstream. The groundwater table in the north was closely correlated to precipitation but with a six-month delay, while the south it depended on the water level in the Yellow river with a one-month lag. Considering the continued decline in depth of groundwater table and the increased demand for water, we proposed to build hydraulic networks to connect ponds, channels and rivers in the regions to improve regulation and storage of both rainfalls and the water diverted from the Yellow River. Meanwhile, it also needs to improve implementation of water-saving irrigation technologies and increase reclaimed water reuse. 【Conclusion】 There are marked cross-basin differences in spatiotemporal variation of the shallow groundwater table in the studied region, with groundwater table in the north affected by precipitation and irrigation while in the south being mediated by the Yellow River.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of cell surface molecule CD161 by flow cytometrytechnology, and to establish deep learning networks that can distinguish sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuber‐culosis, sputum smear-negative IGRA positive/negative pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia patients. Methods The proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes and CD161-positive lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry,and used to construct classification model using deep learning networks. Results The tests on the deep learningnetworks showed that the ratios of three cell populations were able to distinguish sputum smear-negative tubercu‐losis, sputum smear-negative IGRA-positive tuberculosis, and sputum smear-negative IGRA-positive tuberculosisfrom pneumonia patients. Conclusion Based on CD161-flow cytometry technique might be used as an auxiliarydiagnostic method to make a preliminary distinction between sputum smear-negative, sputum smear-negative IG‐RA-positive/negative tuberculosis and pneumonia patients, to improve detection rate of sputum smear-negative tu‐berculosis patients and guide clinical treatment in advance.

Objective To investigate the effect of improving human sperm quality by novel selection approach based on progressive motility and thermotaxis. Methods The capacitated spermatozoa were placed on one end of strip droplets with different length (2, 5, 8 cm) and different temperature conditions(32 ℃, 37 ℃ or 32 ℃~37 ℃) after density gradient centrifugation. The spermatozoa were collected from the other end of the droplets after swimming for 60 min. The concentration, motility rate, normal morphology rate and DNA fragment rate of sperm were compared among different distance-temperature-combined selection conditions. Results Under the same tempera-ture condition, the spermatozoa selected by long distance (5, 8 cm) had higher rate of normal morphology picture than the initial one (P＜0.05).With the increase of distance, the sperm motility rate increased slightly, while the concentration of sperm decreased significantly (P＜0.01).The sperm concentration in temperature gradient(32 ℃~37 ℃) was higher than that in no-gradient control groups (32 ℃ and 37 ℃,P＜0.01), while the sperm DNA fragment rate was lower (P＜0.05). Conclusions Through long distance swimming, a tremendous amount of sperm with abnormal morphology were eliminated, but long distance selection would also lead to a sharp drop in sperm concentration. The temperature gradients enrich more sperm with better DNA integrity and normal thermotaxis. Under the condition of 5 cm, 32 ℃~37 ℃, the effect of sperm selection is better, which may reduce the risk of genetic defective sperm combining with oocytes during IVF.

Objective To explore three-dimensional scanning and reconstruction technology in embryo transfer training. Methods Two sets of female reproductive system models, standard and cervical stenosis, were reconstructed with three-dimensional scanner, data processing software EXScan-Pro and 3D printer. Twenty clinical and laboratory personnel were trained to simulate the transfer of degenerated embryos, and the accuracy of embryo implantation site, the time required for embryo transfer and the frequency of replacing the transfer catheter before and after the training were evaluated. Results After training, the accuracy score of embryo implantation site was increased from 0.60±0.41 to 1.37±0.29 (P＜0.05); the time required for embryo transfer was shortened from (340±146) s to (180±59) s (P＜0.05); the frequency of replacing the transfer catheter was decreased from (0.83±0.37) to (0.23±0.13) times (P＜0.05). Conclusions Application of rebuilding female reproductive system model for embryo transfer training can improve the practical experience of operators prior to formal surgery, improve the stability of embryo transfer and help to establish a standardized operation process, as a supplement to the traditional observation and teaching methods.

This research aims to prepare high quality powder of Ti-6.5Al-1.4Si-2Zr-0.5Mo-2Sn,which lays foundation for the following preparation of powder high temperature titanium alloy component.Ti-6.5Al-1.4Si-2Zr-0.5Mo-2Sn alloy ingots were prepared by vacuum arc remelting (VAR). The chemical compositions of ingots were examined. The loss of alloy elements, uniformity of composition, phase composition and microstructure of titanium alloy ingots were analyzed. Then powders were prepared by plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) with different rotating speeds. Alloy powders were sieved into different particle sizes. The relationship between rotating speed and physical and chemical properties of powder was studied. X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and metallurgical microscope(OM) were used to investigate the phase composition, morphology and microstructure of the powder. The results show that the composition distribution of titanium alloy ingot prepared by VAR is uniform and the content of alloy elements meets the requirements of national standard, through a unique pressing electrode. Microstructure of the ingot is lamellar structure with small amounts of silicide particles disperse in the matrix. The size distribution of the powders made by PREP method exhibits the normal distribution. The sphericity of the powder is excellent,and no hollow ball and satellite ball exists. With the increase of rotating speed, the proportion of small particles increases dramatically,the proportion of large particles decreases greatly. The phase composition of powder is mainly α' phase,and it is mainly composed of peritectic and small amount of dendrite structures. Compared with the alloy ingot, the elements of the powders have a slight loss, the content of O is less than 0.1%,which is beneficial to obtain high-performance powder titanium alloy.

In order to reveal the changes of plankton community structure during shellfish culture in seawater ponds before and after typhoon, 16S and 18S rRNA genes in the genomic DNA of aquaculture water environment were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. The results showed that the number of OTU in prokaryotes (28728) was significantly higher than that in eukaryotes (8498), and the dominant groups of prokaryotes were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Chlorobi; the dominant groups of eukaryotes are ciliates, flagellates, protozoa, cup whipworms, cryptoalgae, Phaeoflagellates, diatoms, etc., among which the diatom abundance increased significantly after typhoon (P<0.05). After the typhoon, biodiversity of eukaryotes did not change significantly, meanwhile the Shannon index and Simpson index of prokaryotes showed significant differences (P<0.05), which decreased in 5d and then increased with time, while the OTU number and Chao I index did not change significantly. The PCoA showed that the community structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms changed markedly after typhoon. ANOSIM showed that prokaryotic microbial communities were significantly different at each time point (P<0.05), while eukaryotic microbial communities significantly in 10d (P<0.05). Water temperature had a significant impact on prokaryotic community structure (P<0.05), while eukaryotic community was influenced by chemical oxygen demand and phosphat (P<0.05). The study suggested that after the typhoon disturbance, plankton communities markedly changed, prokaryotes was more sensitive than the eukaryotes. The diversity level of bacterial community decreased significantly at first, then returned to the level before typhoon, showing stronger sensitivity than that of eukaryote, and both of them failed to return to the community composition before typhoon. Therefore, the key measures to deal with the impact of typhoon in shellfish culture in seawater ponds should be mainly to prevent cultured organisms from causing stress to the drastic environmental changes, and to supply probiotics for environmental regulation appropriately, so as to make up for the loss of ecological functions possibly caused by the change of bacteria phase caused by typhoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat stress is an essential factor affecting maize growth and yield formation. The exploration and mechanism analysis of related tolerance genes is an important field for breeding maize heat stress tolerant varieties. However, there is few study in this aspect. In this study, we identified a nuclear factor ZmNF-YC13 associated with heat stress response, and its encoding gene expression was rapidly induced by high temperature and osmotic stress. The promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana heat stress-inducible expression gene AtHSP70 was used to drive ZmNF-YC13 and the heat-inducible expression maize material of ZmNF-YC13 (HSP21Pro:ZmNF-YC13-myc) was successfully screened. Phenotypic analysis after high temperature treatment demonstrated that leaf length, leaf width, shoot thickness, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were significantly higher than wild type. The relative expression level showed that ZmNF-YC13 could enhance the inducible level of downstream heat stress response genes in response to heat stress. Luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR assay also revealed that ZmNF-YC13 could regulate the expression of heat stress transcription factor ZmHsfA2c. These results confirmed preliminarily that ZmNF-YC13 could improve the heat tolerance of maize by regulating downstream heat stress response genes, which could provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection and germplasm identification using the polymorphism of this locus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize kernel is closely related to yield and nutritive quality. Study on the function of maize kernel development relative genes provides important basis for the molecular mechanism analysis, yield increasing and nutritive quality improving. B73 pollen was treated with ethyl methylmethanesulfonate (EMS) and a defective maize kernel defective kernel 54 (dek54) was screened. dek54 had small mature kernel, wrinkled and whitened seed coat phenotype. Genetic analysis indicated that dek54 is a recessive mutant controlled by a single gene. Paraffin sections showed starchy endosperm cells of dek54 had irregular shape and dense arrangement at developmental stage. Scanning electron microscopy observation indicated that protein bodies around starch granules in the central region of the dek54 mature kernel endosperm were fewer and arranged more loosely compare to wild type. Total protein, zein, amino acids components contents and total nitrogen content of dek54 mature kernel were significantly lowered compared with the wild type. dek54 was located on chromosome 7 within the interval of the physical distance of about 290 kb between markers SSR6 and SSR7. Sequencing revealed that the 351th base G on the 2nd exon of Zm00001d019294 gene changed into A, which led to the premature termination of the protein translation. Zm00001d019294 gene was specifically expressed in immature maize kernel, and has the highest expression in 12 DAP (days after pollination) immature kernel. Targeted mutation was performed using CRISPR/Cas9 system to identify that mutant phenotype was caused by candidate gene Zm00001d019294. Dek54 encoded an MFS (major facilitator superfamily) protein and had high homology with ZmNRT1.5 (nitrate transporter). Besides, Dek54 protein was localized in the plasma membrane of maize protoplasts. The study of dek54 laid the foundation for the molecular mechanism analysis of maize kernel development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood dust produced by wood processing seriously affects the health and environment of workers. In order to solve this problem effectively, radial pine and red oak were selected as research objects. The moisture content of wood at 5%, 10% and 35% were selected to monitor the fine dust mass concentration and settling dust produced by milling. And the effects of moisture content on the dust mass concentration and particle size distribution were studied. The results showed that: the particle size of the two kinds of wood during milling was less than 100 µm; the moisture content had no obvious effect on the particle morphology of the two kinds of wood dust; in the range of fiber saturation point, the dust mass concentration of the two kinds of wood was negatively correlated with the moisture content, while the dust particle size was positively correlated with the moisture content. Under the condition that the process conditions permit, the appropriate increase of the moisture content can reduce the dust mass concentration and particle size, so as to achieve the purpose of dust reduction. The research could provide a certain theoretical basis for the design and installation of subsequent dust removal equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) is one of the main subfamily of aquaporin regulates diverse physiology functions during plant growth and development. In previous research, the expression of ZmPIP1;1 was induced by osmosis or salt stress. However, the biological function of ZmPIP1;1 was still unclear in maize. In this study, ZmPIP1;1 overexpressed transgenic plants were obtained and exhibited less water loss rate and enhanced drought tolerance compared to wild type. Transcriptome sequencing indicated significant changes in the expression levels of genes involved in ABA biosynthesis and its signaling pathways. Photosynthetic activity, kernel width and kernel weight was increased in ZmPIP1;1 overexpression maize, but not growth under normal condition compared with wild type. Moreover, interaction between ZmPIP1;1 and ZmPIP2;6 was observed by bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiment, resulting in re-localized on plasma membrane and chloroplast in maize mesophyll protoplast. Our study laid an important foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of ZmPIP1;1, and provided a new method of molecular breeding for high photosynthetic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to present the evolution of school physical education ideology for the period of civilization in Korea and to explore the influence of Chinese Enlightenment on the modern school physical education ideology in Korea, the following conclusions are drawn by the historical materials collected through the Korean Central Library: after the Opium War and under the progressive ideology in China, the western physical education ideology was introduced into the Korean peninsula by the chance created by private and christian schools, and intertwined with the demand of the times to save the nation from subjugation in Korea, and finally turned out the "self-strengthening physical education ideology" and "martial physical education ideology" with the purpose of enriching the country and intensifying the army and reviving national strength. These two ideological forces permeated each other and became the ideological source for the development of modern school physical education ideology in Korea. In the evolution course of modern school physical education ideology in Korea, the Chinese Enlightenment mainly represented by Westernization Movement and Constitutional Reformation, had a profound impact on modern school physical education in Korea and became the main force to promote the continuous evolution of modern school physical education ideology in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of intervertebral disc interventional technology, surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation has made great progress, but at the same time, surgeons and patients have more choices. Therefore, it is particularly important to compare the efficacy and safety of new surgical methods and traditional widely accepted treatment methods. Traditional meta-analysis cannot classify the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of seven surgical interventions for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation using network meta-analysis. METHODS: We performed a Bayesian-framework network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to compare seven surgical interventions for people with lumbar disc herniation, including percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, standard open discectomy, standard open microsurgical discectomy, chemonucleolysis, microendoscopic discectomy, percutaneous laser disc decompression, and automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy. The eligible randomized controlled trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase and Google scholar. Data from three outcomes (success rate, complication rate, and reoperation rate) were independently extracted by two assessors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1 ) A total of 29 randomized controlled trials (31 literatures) including 3 146 participants were finally included into this article. (2) Our Meta-analysis provides hierarchies of these seven interventions. For the success rate, the rank probability is as follows (from best to worst}: percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy > standard open discectomy >standard open microsurgical discectomy > chemonucleolysis > microendoscopic discectomy > percutaneous laser disc decompression> automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy. (3) For the complication rate, the rank probability is as follows (from best to worst}: percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy > standard open microsurgical discectomy > standard open discectomy > microendoscopic discectomy > percutaneous laser disc decompression > chemonucleolysis >automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy. (4) For the reoperation rate, the rank probability is as follows (from best to worst): standard open microsurgical discectomy > standard open discectomy > microendoscopic discectomy > percutaneous laser disc decompression > percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy > chemonucleolysis > automated percutaneous lumber discectomy. (5) This meta-analysis provides evidence that percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy might be the best choice to increase the success rate and decrease the complication rate. Moreover, standard open microsurgical discectomy might be the best option to drop the reoperation rate. Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy might lead to the lowest success rate and the highest complication rate. It is hoped that one-to-one randomized controlled trials of high quality will further validate the results of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order the catch the academic circle's attention to eastern sports history study, on the basis of presenting the current academic situation of "the west is more important than the east" in sports history study in China, the author analyzed its causes, and pointed out its harm. This research indicates that the phenomenon of "the west is more important than the east" in sports history study in China is related to the traditional Chinese Celestial Empire conception, special disciplinary systems, and superior historical and cultural mentality. Such a current academic situation not only weakens and blurs the roles and status once played by traditional Chinese sports in Asian and even world sports history, but also will let us miss a lot of opportunities to understand, know and rethink ourselves. Strengthening sports history study in the Chinese character culture circle, can not only clarify traditional Chinese sports culture's status as the origin of Northeast Asia, and restore part of historical truth of traditional Chinese sports culture, but also provide historical reference for traditional Chinese sports culture to go global, and provide data reference for the non-material cultural heritage protection work in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the systematic errors caused by lens machining errors, optical distortion and alignment errors, the calibration ol catadioptric panoramic inlrared imaging system is presented. Based on the fabrication of infrared target, the calibration method based on planar grid points is studied, including the extraction of feature points based on morphology, system parameter selection, and the minimum value of the objective function using Jacobi iteration method. Experimental results show that the calibration method can accurately obtain 10 internal parameters such as mirror surface parameter, radial and tangential distortion parameters and camera model parameters, and 7 external parameters such as translation parameters and rotation parameters. The re-projection error is controlled within 3 pixels, and this calibration method is important for the determination of the imaging position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meaningful tourism product planning that is closely in touch with tourist behaviors should start from research on tourists. Thus, the study of tourist behaviors has become an important category of research in the field of tourism geography. A review of the literature shows that quantitative research based on mathematical analysis, and the signal object is a common way to study tourist behavior in domestic situations. Yet, there are few examples of tourist behavioral research that discuss the spatial-time dimension. A focus on the changes in tourist behaviors in a spatial-time dimensional context will improve the theoretical base of the field of tourism geography. The domestic tourism market is changing; the post-1990s group, who may be characterized as having an innovative ideas and increasing income when they go into the workforce, is becoming the major force of the travel market. However, research on the behaviors and characteristics of this group as tourists is still in its infancy, especially in relation to cities like Guiyang in the west of China. This paper presents a tentative analysis of the whole process, and variations of characteristics of the Guiyang post-1990s group. The post-1990s group was selected as a sample to reflect an emerging domestic tourism market. Grounded theory approach was used to analyze first-hand data obtained from interviews with this group. This classic qualitative analytical method can distill the core area and find changes in tourist behaviors, and allows interview materials to be moved from concept to category through open coding, axial coding, and selection coding processes. At the end of this process, we constructed a tourist behavioral model that can reflect a series of spatial-time continuum changes in post-1990s behavioral rules and characteristics. We then applied ATLAS.ti 6.2 software technology to improve the reliability and validity of the model. Finally, phase analyses of tourist behaviors were carried out by synthesizing the confirmatory model. Based on the analysis, we propose certain strategies for tourism product planning at the end of the paper. The core element of the post-1990s TGM model is "tourist desire". This model clearly shows that the spatial-time continuum impact of the changes on the rules and characteristics of post-1990s tourist behaviors at four stages:the tourists will proceed via the "Tourism Extricate Phase", "Tourism Feasibility Phase", "Tourism Tendency Phase", and the "Tourism Liminality Phase", one by one. In other words, a complete travel process including the desire to travel stage, the actual travel stage, and the stage of returning to normal life. The time demarcation points of the four stages are: the generation of travel desire, representation of travel desire, and end of travel desire. When the tourist has finished the journey, he/she will generate new travel desires. This behavior will loop continuously in the time dimension. In the spatial dimension; behaviors (attitudes, motivations, decision behaviors, and spatial choice laws) that occur in the Tourism Extricate, Tourism Feasibility, and Tourism Tendency phases are concentrated in origin markets. The behaviors (travel shopping behavior, satisfaction evaluation) found in the Tourism Threshold Phase are located in specific destinations. Finally, some customized tourism product planning strategies, which depend on specific tourist behaviors and their characteristics, were identified relating to the four stages: 1) develop leisure experience tourism products by incorporating these factors in the Guiyang context; 2) develop an entertainment theme park in Guiyang based on the post-1990s group's travel decision behaviors; 3) develop local creative tourism districts by revealing the potency of these behaviors; and 4) launch a new tourism brand "Fashion Gifts of Guiyang", paying attention to inbound tourist evaluations of the potential for tourism shopping in this destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To observe the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor's monoclonal antibody (MAB225) on radiosensitivity of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell. METHODS: Bi-fluorescence stain, MTT test and fluorescence flow cytometry(FCM) were used to observe the apoptosis rate and radiosensitizing effect for MAB225 on ACC-2 cell.SPSS11 .0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Through bi-fluorescence stain, MTT test and fluorescence flow cytometry (FCM),it was found that MAB225 combined with radiation treatment produced a 3-fold induction of apoptosis rate, whereas exposure to radiation alone induced apoptosis only 1 fold, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: MAB225 enhanced radiosensitivity and decreased survival rates of ACC-2 cell in vitro after radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To assess the bone density of dental implant sites using spiral CT and simplant software, and classify, them by Lekholm and Zarb grouping. METHODS: 53 patients' jaw bone were scanned by spiral CT, the scanned images were reconstructed by the Simplant software. The bone density of 136 designed implant sites was measured and the results were recorded using Hounsfield units (HU).The data was analyzed with SPSSll.0 software package for Mann- Whitney U test, and classified by Lekholm and Zarb grouping. RESULTS: The mean bone density in all implant sites was (714.66±273.72) HU. The anterior mandible mean bone density was (962.96±92.21)HU > anterior maxilla, (786.15± 188.74) HU > posterior mandible, (785.79±290.91) HU > posterior maxilla, (569.67±244.34)HU. Bone class IV was least in anterior mandible and most in posterior maxilla(P<0.01 ), accounting for 26.5% in all implant sites. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior mandible has the highest mean bone density and posterior maxilla has the lowest mean bone density. There are class I and II/III in most of the implant sites. Spiral CT is a useful tool for determining the bone density, which is important for preoperative design and postoperative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of butyl- phthalide injection in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods From January 2013 to September 2013, 43 patients with acute cerebral infarction in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups, the control group received routine therapy, the treatment group on the basis of conventional treatment received Butylphthalide injection treatment, 0.1, bid, for 21 days. Two groups of patients were assessed with NIHSS on admission, 10 d and 21 d after treatment, and the modified RanKin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment 21 d after treatment, and at the same time we observed the related adverse reactions. Results The nerve functions of 2 groups of patients were recovered after treatment, the nerve function of butylphthalide group had better recovery than the conventional treatment group (P< 0.05), and also the effective rate of butylphthalide group was higher (P<0.05) .Conclusion Butyl phthalide injection could obviously improve neural function in patients with acute cerebral infarction, is has good effect and safety, so it is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, ionic liquids are recognized as a class of green and environmentally friendly diluents with great application prospects in the field of solvent extraction. In addition to their good solubility for extractants and extracted species, ionic liquid extraction systems often exhibit satisfactory performance through ion exchange mechanism. Task-specific ionic-liquids(TSILs) emerge as a kind of chemically modified ionic liquids, which possess dual functions of ionic liquids and ligands with specific chelating groups. TSILs can not only be used as diluents in the extraction process, but also serve as extractants for separation of metal ions. In the past two decades, TSILs have received extensive attention in the area of nuclear waste treatment. This review first introduces ionic liquids and TSILs focusing on their structural connections and differences. Then, a summary is offered to briefly evaluate the ionic liquids used for the extraction and separation of uranyl ions, thorium ions, lanthanides, and minor actinides, respectively. Finally, this review also provides the outlook of TSILs for lanthanide/actinide separation.

Objective: To explore the potential action mechanism of Huotu Jiji Pellets (HJP) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking., Methods: We identified the main effective compounds and active molecular targets of HJP from the database of Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Integrative Pharmacology-Based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) and the therapeutic target genes of ED from the databases of Genecards. Then we obtained the common targets of HJP and ED using the Venny software, constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of HJP acting on ED, and screened out the core targets with the Cytoscape software. Lastly we performed GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets followed by molecular docking of HJP and the core targets using Chem3D and AutoDock Tools and QuickVina-W software., Results: A total of 64 effective compounds, 822 drug-related targets, 1 783 disease-related targets and 320 common targets were obtained in this study. PPI network analysis showed that the core targets of HJP for ED included ESR1, HSP90AA1, SRC, and STAT3. GO functional enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of the core targets in such biological processes as response to xenobiotic stimulus, positive regulation of kinase activity, and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that PI3K-Akt, apoptosis, MAPK, HIF-1, VEGF, autophagy and other signaling pathways may be related to the mechanism of HJP acting on ED. Molecular docking prediction exhibited a good docking activity of the key active molecules of HJP with the core targets., Conclusion: This study showed that HJP acted on ED through multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways, which has provided some evidence and reference for the clinical treatment and subsequent studies of the disease.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture at "Shangjuxu"(ST37) on nerve growth factor(NGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) signaling pathway in rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), so as to explore its underlying mechanism in treating IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia., Methods: IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia model was established by colorectal dilation stimulation for 2 weeks for SD pups at 8 d after birth, which were fed until 8-week age after the stimulation. Then the verified successfully modeled adult rats were randomly divided into model, Shangjuxu, and non-acupoint groups, with 6 rats in each group, and 6 unmodeled rats were selected as normal group. On the next day of model evaluation, rats in the Shangjuxu group received acupuncture at right ST37 while rats in the non-acupoint group received acupuncture at the non-meridian and non-acupoint point in the right hypochondrium, both for 15 min, with manual twisting of mild reinforcing and reducing performed for 30 s at an interval of 5 min, once a day, for a total of 7 d. Abdominal withdrawal reflex(AWR) score was used to evaluate the degree of chronic visceral pain in rats. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the colonic protein and mRNA expressions of NGF, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), PI3K and TRPV1. The positive expressions of PI3K and TRPV1 proteins in the colon of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry method., Results: Compared with the normal group, AWR scores corresponding to 4 pressure levels of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm Hg, mRNA and protein expressions of NGF, TrkA, PI3K and TRPV1 in colon tissue, and positive expressions of PI3K and TRPV1 in colon tissue were significantly increased( P <0.05) in the model group. After intervention, compared with the model group, rats in the Shangjuxu group had reduced AWR scores corresponding to 4 pressure levels of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm Hg, lower colonic mRNA and protein expressions of NGF, TrkA, PI3K and TRPV1, and decreased positive expressions of PI3K and TRPV1 in colon tissue( P <0.05), while there were no significant differences in the above indexes of the non-acupoint group., Conclusions: Manual acupuncture at ST37 can alleviate IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia in rat and its analgesic effect may be related to regulating NGF/PI3K/TRPV1 signaling pathway.

Accumulation of microplastics in soil could interfere with the germination and growth of plants. However, the chemical risks raised by leachate of microplastics remain unknown. Here, we prepared microplastic leachate at different extraction temperatures (25 and 50℃) using microplastic fibers derived from polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE) and conducted the seed germination test of microplastic leachates to investigate the toxic effects of microplastic leachates on lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.). Furthermore, characteristics of the microplastic leachate, such as DOC and DON concentrations and parameters of UV-vis, were measured. The results revealed that the concentration of DOC and DON in the leachate of PA was significantly higher than that of PE. DOC and DON concentration in the leachate of PA increased with extraction temperature. Additionally, the aromaticity, hydrophobic component content, and molecular weight of leachates were significantly affected by the polymers of microplastic, whereas the extraction temperature had no effect. Compared to those in CK, the microplastic leachates reduced the indicators such as germination vigor, germination index, and vigor index of lettuce seeds; however, it had no impact on agronomic traits, such as plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Meanwhile, some seeds had abnormal developments of radicles and cotyledons under the microplastic leachate treatments. This demonstrates that the substances leached from microplastics could interfere with the germination process of lettuce seeds. Therefore, the chemical risks exerted by the microplastics to the soil and plant system require further attention.

Objective: To explor the potential mechanisms of ferroptosis involvement in non-obstructive azoospermia based on bioinformatics and machine learning methods., Methods: To obtain disease-related datasets and ferroptosis-related genes, we utilized the GEO database and FerrDb database, respectively. Using the R software, the disease dataset was subjected to normalization, differential analysis, and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The differentially expressed genes from the disease dataset were then intersected with the ferroptosis-related genes to identify common genes. Core genes were selected using three machine learning algorithms, namely LASSO, SVM-RFE, and random forest. Further analysis included exploring immune infiltration correlation, predicting target drugs, and conducting molecular docking simulations., Results: The differential analysis of the GSE45885 dataset yielded 1751 differentially expressed genes, while the GSE145467 dataset yielded 4358 differentially expressed genes. The intersection of these two gene sets resulted in a disease-related gene set consisting of 508 genes. Taking the intersection of the disease-related gene set and the ferroptosis-related gene set, we obtained 17 disease-related ferroptosis genes. After machine learning-based screening, three core genes were identified: GPX4, HSF1, and KLHDC3., Conclusion: The mechanism underlying the involvement of ferroptosis in non-obstructive azoospermia may be linked to the downregulation of GPX4, HSF1, and KLHDC3 expression. This finding provides a basis for subsequent in-depth mechanistic and therapeutic studies.

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion on the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ankle synovial tissue of rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA), so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion in inhibiting synovial angiogenesis and improving joint symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis., Methods: Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, moxibustion group and medication group, with 15 rats in each group. AA rat model was established by subcutaneous injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into the right hind paw. Rats in the moxibustion group were treated with "Zusanli" (ST36), "Guanyuan" (CV4) and "Ashi" point moxibustion, 20 min each time, once a day, for consecutive 3 weeks. Rats in the medication group were given methotrexate (0.35 mg/kg) intragastric administration, twice a week, for consecutive 3 weeks. Foot plantar volume of rats was measured by toe volume mea-suring instrument. HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of ankle synovium. The protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in ankle synovial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot., Results: Compared with the normal group, the foot plantar volume and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in synovial tissue of ankle joint were significantly increased ( P <0.01) in the model group, the synovial tissue showed obvious hyperplasia and a large number of neovasculogenesis. Following the interventions, the foot plantar volume and the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in synovial tissue of ankle joint were significantly decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01) in both moxibustion and medication groups in contrast to the model group, and there was no obvious proliferation of synovial tissue, and only a few neovascularization was observed. Compared with the medication group, the foot plantar volume was decreased ( P <0.05) in the moxibustion group., Conclusion: Moxibustion can improve joint swelling and inhibit synovial angiogenesis in AA rats, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulating of HIF-1α and VEGF protein expressions.

Objective: To investigate the effect of scutellarin (SCU) on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and its related molecular mechanism., Methods: Human AML HL-60 cells were cultured in vitro. The cells were treated with SCU at the concentration of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 μmol/L, and the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method. Then HL-60 cells were treated with SCU at the concentration of 4, 8, 16 μmol/L, and the negative control group (NC group) was set. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of cell cycle, apoptosis and JAK2/STAT3 pathway related proteins were detected by Western blot., Results: SCU significantly inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner( r =0.958, r =0.971). Compared with NC group, the proportion of cells in G 0 /G 1 phase and apoptosis rate of HL-60 cells in 4, 8, 16 μmol/L SCU group were significantly increased, and the proportion of cells in S phase was significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The relative protein expression levels of p21, p53, caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased, while the relative protein expression levels of CDK2, cyclin E and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The ratio of p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly decreased ( P <0.05). The changes of above-mentioned indexes were concentration dependent., Conclusion: SCU can inhibit the proliferation of AML cells, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the association between the expression level of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B3 ( PAFAH1B3 ) gene in bone marrow CD138 + cells of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and the prognosis within 2 years., Methods: 147 MM patients treated with AHSCT in The First and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2014 to May 2019 were included in the study. Expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138 + cells of the patients was detected. Patients with disease progression or death during 2 years of follow-up were included in progression group, and the rest were included in good prognosis group. After comparing the clinical data and PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression levels of the two groups, the patients were divided into high PAFAH1B3 expression group and low PAFAH1B3 expression group based on the median PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level of the enrolled patients. Progression-free survival rate (PFSR) between the two groups was compared by the Kaplan-Meier method. The related factors of prognosis within 2 years were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate COX regression analysis., Results: At the end of follow-up, there were 13 patients lost to follow-up. Finally, 44 patients were included in the progression group and 90 patients were included in the good prognosis group. Age in the progression group was higher than that in the good prognosis group, the proportion of patients with CR+VGPR after transplantation in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group, and there was a statistical difference between two groups in the cases distribution of ISS stage (all P<0.05). PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression level and the proportion of patients with LDH>250U/L in the progression group were higher than those in the good prognosis group, and platelet count in the progression group was lower than that in the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). Compared with the low PAFAH1B3 expression group, the 2-year PFSR of the high PAFAH1B3 expression group was significantly lower (log-rank χ 2 =8.167, P=0.004). LDH>250U/L (HR=3.389, P=0.010), PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression (HR=50.561, P=0.001) and ISS stage Ⅲ(HR=1.000, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for prognosis in MM patients, and ISS stage Ⅰ (HR=0.133, P=0.001) was independent protective factor., Conclusion: The expression level of PAFAH1B3 mRNA in bone marrow CD138 + cells is related to the prognosis of MM patients treated with AHSCT, and detecting PAFAH1B3 mRNA expression can bring some information for predicting PFSR and prognostic stratification of patients.

Trace elements, which are important chemical components in the ocean, generally refer to those chemical elements with concentrations below 10 μmol·kg -1 in seawater. Some trace elements, such as Fe and Zn, serve as essential micronutrients for marine organisms, which regulate marine primary productivity and are closely related to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and nitrogen and therefore affect the global environment and climate change. In contrast, some elements, such as Pb, are anthropogenic pollutants largely released by human activities. In addition, some trace elements and their isotopes can be used as tracers for oceanographic processes and proxies for paleoceanography. However, the high saline matrix and extremely low trace element concentrations in seawater, as well as the contamination from research vessels, sampling equipment, and the surrounding environment during the process of sample collection, pretreatment, and analysis, have restricted researchers from obtaining reliable trace element data in the ocean for a long period of time. Nevertheless, high quality samples and accurate data are prerequisites for investigating the biogeochemical and environmental behavior of marine trace elements. This paper reviews the development of sampling techniques and analytical methods for trace elements in seawater, introduces the research history and platform construction activities in Xiamen University in this field, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various sampling and analytical techniques and methods, and presents the perspectives on future developments in the research on trace elements in the ocean.

We reported a case of tuberous sclerosis complex with facial angiofibroma as the initial presentation and conducted a multidisciplinary discussion. The patient, a young female, was admitted to the Department of Dermatology for cosmetic purpose. After the examination, she was found to have multiple system involvement, including a large renal angiomyolipoma pressing on the liver. She never had any subjective symptom. After consultation by the multidisciplinary team of tuberous sclerosis complex, the patient was treated with everolimus orally and followed up regularly. It is suggested that dermatologists should pay attention to the systemic involvement of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Early intervention can prolong the life of patients and improve their life quality. Multidisciplinary collaboration for lifelong disease management is the key to enhance the diagnosis and treatment for tuberous sclerosis complex and enhance the prognosis of patients.

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of electroacupuncture at Siguan points and flunarizine hydrochloride capsule on migraine of liver yang hyperactivity., Methods: A total of 110 patients with migraine of liver yang hyperactivity were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group (55 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a western medication group (55 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at Siguan points (Hegu [LI 4] and Taichong [LR 3]), with disperse-dense wave of 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency and current intensity of 0.1-1 mA, 30 min each time, once a day, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Flunarizine hydrochloride capsule was given orally in the western medication group, 10 mg a day for 4 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the migraine attack days were observed before and after treatment, during follow-up of 1, 3 and 6 months, and the migraine symptom score was observed before and after treatment in the two groups., Results: After treatment, during follow-up of 1, 3 and 6 months, the VAS scores and the migraine attack days in the two groups were decreased compared with before treatment ( Ｐ <0.05), and above indexes in the electroacupuncture group were lower than the western medication group ( Ｐ <0.05). After treatment, the migraine symptom scores in the two groups were decreased ( Ｐ <0.05), the change in the electroacupuncture group was greater than the western medication group ( Ｐ <0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at Siguan points could effectively reduce headache intensity and migraine attack days, relieve migraine symptoms in patients with migraine of liver yang hyperactivity, and the efficacy is superior to oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying ATP binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) on the drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells and the relevant molecular mechanisms., Methods: A549 cells, human lung adenocarcinoma cells, were used to form cisplatin (or cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum, CDDP)-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells, i.e., A549/CDDP cells. EVs from A549 and A549/CDDP cells were extracted by gradient centrifugation method and were hence named EVs 1 and EVs 2 , respectively. The A549 cells were treated with EVs 1 and EVs 2 for 48 hours, and the cells were named A549-EVs 1 and A549-EVs 2 cells, respectively. A549/ ABCG 2 cells were established by transfecting A549 cells with pCDNA3.1- ABCG 2 recombinant plasmids. On the other hand, A549 cells transfected with empty vectors were named A549/pCDNA3.1 cells. MTT assay was conducted to calculate the 24-hour cell drug resistance index for CDDP. The ABCG 2 gene expression in cells and EVs were assessed with real-time PCR. A549 and A549-EVs 2 cells were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice, which were labeled the control group and the experimental group accordingly. After tumor formation, 3 mg/kg CDDP was intraperitoneally injected once a week for two times. The ABCG 2 gene expression of subcutaneous transplanted tumor cells was examined by real-time PCR. The cell apoptosis rate of subcutaneous transplanted tumor cells was examined by flow cytometry., Results: Using the parental A549 cells as reference, the 24-h CDDP-resistance indexes of 549/CDDP, A549/ ABCG 2, A549/pCDNA3.1, A549-EVs 1 , A549-EVs 2 cells were 7.17, 10.06, 1.02, 1.19 and 5.40, respectively. When comparing the ABCG 2 gene expression levels in all cells and EVs, the findings were higher in A549/CDDP cells than those inA549 cells, higher in A549/ ABCG 2 cells than those in A549/pCDNA3.1 or A549 cells, higher in EVs 2 than those in EVs 1 , and higher in A549-EVs 2 than those in A549-EVs 1 cells ( P <0.01) . The volume of transplanted tumor and the ABCG 2 gene expression level in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, while the apoptosis rate was lower than that in the control group ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: EVs carrying ABCG2 gene can regulate the drug resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objectives: Renal cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system, and the partial nephrectomy is a common surgical modality for early renal cancer. 3D printing technology can create a visual three-dimensional model by using 3D digital models of the patient's imaging data. With this model, surgeons can perform preoperative assessment to clarify the location, depth, and blood supply of the tumor, which helps to develop preoperative plans and achieve better surgical outcomes. In this study, the R.E.N.A.L scoring system was used to stratify patients with renal tumors and to explore the clinical application value of 3D printing technology in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy., Methods: A total of 114 renal cancer patients who received laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Xiangya Hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled. The patients were assigned into an experimental group ( n =52) and a control group ( n =62) according to whether 3D printing technology was performed, and the differences in perioperative parameters between the 2 groups were compared. Thirty-nine patients were assigned into a low-complexity group (4-6 points), 32 into a moderate-complexity group (7-9 points), and 43 into a high-complexity group (10-12 points) according to R.E.N.A.L score, and the differences in perioperative parameters between the experimental group and the control group in each score group were compared., Results: The experimental group had shorter operative time, renal ischemia time, and postoperative hospital stay (all P <0.05), less intraoperative blood loss ( P =0.047), and smaller postoperative blood creatinine change ( P =0.032) compared with the control group. In the low-complexity group, there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in operation time, renal ischemia time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood creatinine changes, and postoperative hospital stay (all P >0.05). In the moderate- and high- complexity groups, the experimental group had shorter operative time, renal ischemia time, and postoperative hospital stay ( P <0.05 or P <0.001), less intraoperative blood loss ( P =0.022 and P <0.001, respectively), and smaller postoperative blood creatinine changes ( P <0.05 and P <0.001, respectively) compared with the control group., Conclusions: Compared with renal tumor patients with R.E.N.A.L score<7, renal cancer patients with R.E.N.A.L score≥7 may benefit more from 3D printing assessment before undergoing partial nephrectomy.

The position of Xuehai (SP10) is clear, but its locating method is vague, resulting in the disunity of clinical application and even possibly affecting the curative effect. Also, when learning the meridians and acupoints, the beginners are often confused by this issue possibly due to: ① when the bone-length proportional measurement combined with anatomic symbol (combination method) was adopted, it is not clear that the patient should take a posture of knee extension or knee flexion; ② when the combination method used, it is difficult to find the highest point of muscle eminence in the case of patient with thin vastus medialis muscle and fuzzy body surface projection; ③the simple method for locating SP10 is widely used at present, can it replace the combination method to locate this acupoint accurately？Guided by these questions, we, in the present paper, reviewed the rela-ted textbooks, works and other literature to explore the standard position of SP10, and the standard and simple methods for locating this acupoint. Comprehending various opinions, we hold that SP10 should be positioned under the extended knee posture, then, the acupoint's horizontal ordinate "2 cun superior to the medial end of the base of the patella" is determined by using bone-length proportional measurement to measure 2 cun from the bottom to the tip of the patella. Then, the body surface anatomic symbol method is used, when, the patient is asked to stretch the leg and contract the vastus medialis muscle, the highest spot of muscular eminence is the SP10. If the patient's muscular protuberance is not obvious, the middle line between the medial and lateral margins of the vastus medialis muscle is used as the vertical ordinate, and its intersection with the abscissa is SP10. The simple method is easy in operation and has a reference value, but may frequently produce errors, hence, it is not a substitution for the combination method.

The present study analyzed and identified the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate(EA) extract of Taxilli Herba with UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and screened active xanthine oxidase(XO) inhibitors with HPLC. The analysis was performed on an Hypersil GOLD C&#95;(18) reversed-phase column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.9 μm), with the mobile phase of water containing 1% formic acid(A) and methanol(B) under gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and the injection volume of 5 μL. ESI source was used for MS and the compounds were collected in positive and negative ion modes. Xcalibur 4.1 was used to analyze the retention time, accurate relative molecular weight, and fragmentation of the compounds. The inhibitory activity of some known compounds on XO was screened by HPLC. Thirty chemical constituents were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoids by experimental data combined with information of standards, data reported previously, and databases, such as MzCloud and ChemSpider. The activities of 10 chemical components were screened. Gallic acid and naringenin chalcone had strong inhibitory activities on XO with IC&#95;(50) of 57 μg·mL~(-1) and 108 μg·mL~(-1). UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS allows the accurate, rapid, and comprehensive identification of main chemical constituents from Taxilli Herba. Gallic acid and naringenin chalcone may be the active components of XO inhibitors.

Objectives: To study the association of depression and suicidal ideation with parenting style in adolescents., Methods: The cluster sampling method was used to select 6 195 junior and senior high school students in Xinxiang City of Henan Province, China, from 2014 to 2018. The survey tools included a general social information questionnaire, the Parental Bonding Instrument, and the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (11 items). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association of depression and suicidal ideation with parenting style in adolescents., Results: There were 6 194 valid questionnaires in total, including 2 586 boys (41.75%) and 3 608 girls (58.25%), with a mean age of (16.4±1.9) years (range: 11-20 years). Among these 6 194 students, 1 333 (21.52%) had depression, and 508 (8.20%) had suicidal ideation. Depression in adolescents was positively correlated with maternal control ( OR =1.059, P <0.001) and paternal control ( OR =1.061, P <0.001), but negatively correlated with maternal care ( OR =0.937, P <0.001) and paternal care ( OR =0.917, P <0.001). Suicide ideation in adolescents was positively correlated with maternal control ( OR =1.110, P <0.001) and paternal control ( OR =1.076, P <0.001), but negatively correlated with maternal care ( OR =0.895, P <0.001) and paternal care ( OR =0.914, P <0.001)., Conclusions: Parental care may decrease the risk of depression and suicide ideation, while parental control may increase the risk of depression and suicide ideation in adolescents. Citation .