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The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular therapy in hybrid operating room for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion, and share the experience of preoperative screening of patients suitable for vascular reconstruction. A total of 20 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May 2018 to May 2020 were collected, and 15 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients received hybrid surgery. The total success rate of recanalization was 14/15, and only 1 patient developed ICA re-occlusion at 1 year follow up.Therefore, carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular treatment in hybrid operating room was an alternative treatment for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Bidens pilosa var. radiata., Methods: The constituents were separated and purified with silica gel column, and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral methods., Results: Ten compounds were separated and identified as friedelin (1), n-tridecane (2), friedelinol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), 21 a-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one (5), stigmasterol (6), lupeol (7), stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), eleosanole acid (9), friedelin-3beta-ol-27-oic acid (10)., Conclusion: Ten compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Cardiospermum halicacabum., Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and polyamide, their chemical structures were identified by physicochemcial properties and spectral methods., Results: Eight compounds were separated and identified as: pentadecanoie acid (1), apigenin (2), protocatechuic acid (3), protocatechualdehyde (4), hentriacontanol (5), calycosin (6), rutin (7), quercetin (8)., Conclusion: All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To construct and research the expression of the recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)., Methods: Sj14-3-3 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from template of the total RNA extracted from adult worms of S. japonicum, and then cloned into the vector pGEX-1gammaT to construct pGEX-Sj14-3-3. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3 was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). BL21 (pGEX-Sj14-3-3) was induced with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expressed products were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot., Results: A 399 bp fragment of Sj14-3-3 coding gene was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into the vector pGEX-1gammaT, and the recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3 was constructded successfully. The molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was proximately 40 000 Dolton as detected by SDS-PAGE. The amount of the expressed protein was about 21% of the total bacterial protein. Western blot confirmed that the expressed protein could be recognized by the immune sera from rabbit infected with Schistosoma japonicum., Conclusion: The recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3 was successfully constructed. The Sj14-3-3 protein was highly expressed in E. coli and the expressed recombinant protein possessed specific antigenicity.

Aim: To study whether rSj26-Sj32 fusion protein can be used for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonicum., Methods: ELISA, Dot-ELISA and dipstick were performed to detect the IgG in the sera of patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonicum using the antigens of rSj26-Sj32 fusion protein and SjAWA. The control sera were taken from health donors and the patients with clonorchiasis sinensis, paragonimiasis westermani, alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis., Results: The sensitivity of the three methods was 95.00%, 92.50% and 92.50% respectively, whereas the specificity of the three methods was 97.67%, 95.35% and 97.67%, respectively., Conclusion: The rSj26-Sj32 fusion protein has therapeutic potential for immunodiagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonicum.

Objective: To study the feasibility of rSj26GST-Sj32-IgG-ELISA for diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis japonicum., Methods: The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with recombinant plasmid pET32alphaSj26GST-Sj32 were induced with isopropy-beta-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified by Ni-NTA kits. Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) adult worm antigen(SjAWA) was produced by routine method. The IgG antibodies were detected with the sera of chronic schistosomiasis japonicum by ELISA using recombinant Sj26GST-Sj32 (rSj26GST-Sj32) fusion protein and SjAWA, while the controls included the sera of patients with clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis westermani, alveolar echinococcosis, cystic echinococcosis, hepatitis B, pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy people., Results: The sensitivity and specificity of rSj26GST-Sj32 fusion protein were 95.00% (38/40) and 97.67% (42/43) respectively, they were 92.50% (37/40) and 97.67% (42/43) respectively in SjAWA groups. There were no difference in sensitivity and specificity between rSj26GST-Sj32 and SjAWA (P > 0.05). There were different cross reactions in clonorchiasis sinensis and paragonimiasis westermani between the two methods. The cross reaction with SjAWA was 20.00% (2/10) in patients with alveolar echinococcosis, but no cross reaction with rSj26GST-Sj32 (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: rSj26-Sj32-IgG-ELISA probably could be applied to immunodiagnosis for chronic schistosomiasis japonicum.

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of the Dot ELISA with rSj26-Sj32 fusion protein for chronic schistosomiasis japonica., Methods: rSj26-Sj32 fusion protein and SjAWA were used to establish the HRP-IgG-Dot-ELISA. Serum samples from patients with chronic schistosomiasis japonica (40 cases), clonorchiasis sinensis (21 cases), paragonimiasis westermani(13 cases), alveolar echinococcosis (10 cases), cystic echinococcosis(9 cases), hepatitis B(20 cases), pulmonary tuberculosis (20 cases) and healthy persons (43 cases) were examined., Results: Sensitivity and specificity were respectively 92.5% (37/40) and 95.4% (41/43) for rSj26-Sj32-Dot-ELISA and 95.0% (38/40) and 93.0% (40/43) for SjAWA-Dot-ELISA, and there was no significant difference between two antigens (P > 0.05). There were different cross reactions to the sera of patients with clonorchiasis sinensis, paragonimiasis westermani or alveolar echinococcosis, but no cross reaction to the sera of patients with cystic echinococcosis, hepatitis B or pulmonary tuberculosis. The positive and negative predictive value and efficiency of diagnosis of rSj26-Sj32-Dot-ELISA for chronic schistosomiasis japonica were 84.1% (37/44), 97.7% (129/132), and 94.3% (166/176), respectively, and those of SjAWA-Dot-ELISA were 77.6% (38/49), 98.4% (125/127), and 92.6% (163/176), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: rSi26-Si32 fusion protein can be applied to immunodiagnosis for chronic schistosomiasis japonica.

Objective: To explore the mechanism for adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) resistance occurred in chronic hepatitis B patients of a series of phase III clinical trails., Methods: 30 resistant HBV strains were selected out from 177 cases of ADV treated chronic hepatitis B patients. HBV polymerase RT region were amplified by nested PCR and analyzed with the standard nucleotide sequence of HBV strains deposited in GeneBank., Results: 21 out of 30 HBV strains were primary resistant strains, among them 5 HBV strains (23.8%, 5/21) had the polymorphism site of rtN118H. While the other 9 HBV strains showed secondary resistance, variations in conservative region C (rtM207V) and other non-conservative regions were found. The classic mutation sites such as rtN236T and rtA181V/T were not found., Conclusions: Polymorphism site of rtN118H might be responsible for HBV primary resistance to ADV therapy. rtM207V variation in HBV RT C domain and other variation sites might play a role in HBV secondary resistance to ADV treatment, and natural resistant quasispecies may be the basis for the ADV quick resistance. These conclusions await further confirmation by phenotype test.

Objective: To observe the effect of mastoparan-1 (MP-1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute hepatic injury in mice and probe into its possible mechanism., Methods: One hundred and four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into healthy control group (n = 8, without treatment, HC), LPS group (n = 48, with injection of LPS 5 mg/kg via tail vein), and MP-1 group (n = 48, with injection of LPS 5 mg/kg and MP-1 3 mg/kg via tail vein). Mice in LPS group and MP-1 group were sacrificed at 2nd, 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 72nd post injection hour (PIH), 8 mice at each time point in each group. Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma levels of LPS by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test, TNF-alpha and IL-6 by ELISA, serum levels of ALT and AST by automatic biochemistry analyzer respectively. Hepatic tissue samples were collected for determination of TLR4, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA by real-time fluorescent quantitation reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, along with the observation of pathological changes in hepatic tissue at each time point. Above-mentioned examinations were also performed in HC group., Results: Compared with those of HC group, plasma levels of LPS and TNF-alpha in LPS group significantly increased at 2nd PIH (18,320.50 +/- 2782.50 EU/mL and 988 +/- 130 ng/L, respectively), then decreased gradually to 1.80 +/- 0.80 EU/mL and 150 +/- 44 ng/L at 72nd PIH, which was close to those of HC group. The values of IL-6, ALT and AST peaked at 12th PIH, which declined to the levels close to those of HC group at 72nd PIH. Meanwhile, the expressions of TLR4, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA in liver were remarkably up-regulated after injection, and the pathological changes in hepatic tissue pronounced significantly at 12th, 24th and 48th PIH. Compared with those of LPS group, the levels of LPS, cytokines, ALT and AST decreased in MP-1 group in different degrees after injection (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and pathological changes was respectively suppressed and alleviated in hepatic tissue., Conclusions: MP-1 can alleviate LPS-induced acute hepatic injury in mice, which may be associated with its neutralization of LPS and attenuation of synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators.

Objective: To explore the protective effect of high density lipoprotein on the lung function of rats with severe burns., Methods: One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats were employed in the study and were randomly divided into control (n = 15, without injury), burn (n = 60, with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back) and experimental [(n = 60, with the injection of HDL (80 mg/kg) via the caudal vein immediately after burns)] groups. The rats in the latter two groups were resuscitated with intraperitoneal isotonic saline (50 ml/kg) 30 minutes after burns. The serum content of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha as well as the blood content of PCO2 and PO2 of the rats in burn and experimental groups were determined at 12, 24, 48 and 72 post-burn hours (PBH) and in control group. The pathological changes in the lung tissue of the rats in all groups were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope at 48 PBH., Results: PCO2 and the contents of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha in burn group were significantly higher, but the PO2 was lower than those in control group at each time-point (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There were no obvious differences in the above indices between the experimental and control groups (P > 0.05), but the ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha levels in experimental group were markedly decreased than those in burn group at each time-point (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha contents in burn group at 48 PBH were (3.42 +/- 0.25) microg/L and (4. 04 +/- 0.28) ng/L, respectively, which were markedly higher than those in experimental group [(2.24 +/- 0.14) microg/L, (3.35 +/- 0.22) ng/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. Dilation of capillaries, congestion and inflammatory infiltration in the pulmonary capillaries, and loosening of conjunction between pulmonary capillary vascular endothelial cells and endothelial swelling were observed in burn group at 48 PBH. Compared with the burn group, the injury was markedly alleviated in the experiment group, and the pulmonary capillary endothelial cells showed tighter junction., Conclusion: HDL exhibits a protective effect on the lung function of rats with severe burns via reducing the expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of high density lipoprotein on the cardiac function of rats with severe burns., Methods: One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats were employed in the study and were randomly divided into control (n = 15, without treatment), burn (n = 60, with 30% TBSA full-thickness burn on the back) and experimental (n = 60, with the injection of HDL (80 mg/kg) via the caudal vein immediately after burns) groups. The rats in the groups with burn injury were resuscitated with intraperitoneal isotonic saline (50 ml/kg) 30 minutes after burn (PBM). The serum contents of CK, ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha of the rats of all the three groups were determined with corresponding methods. The histological changes in the cardiac muscle tissue of the rats in all groups were observed under light microscope and electronic microscope., Results: The serum contents of CK, ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha in the control group were obviously lower than those in burn group (P < 0.01), while those in experimental group were also markedly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The average reduction rate was 36.5%, 32.0% and 12.6%, respectively. The size and the structure of the cardiac muscular fiber in the control group were even and normal. Compared with the burn group, degeneration, inflammatory infiltration and mitochondrial swelling were found to be less marked in the experimental group at 48 PBH, and no focal lysis and necrosis were found, which were observed in the burn group., Conclusion: High density lipoprotein can be beneficial to the protection of cardiac tissue in protecting from secondary injury in rats with severe burns.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Pantago depressa var. montata. Extract (PDM) on the metabolisms of glucose and lipids in mice as well as the underlined mechanism., Method: Fasting serum glucose (FSG) in normal mice was determined after oral administration of PDM. The effects of PDM on diabetic mice induced by alloxan were investigated by observing the changes of glucose tolerance, the contents of FSG, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and the injured degree of pancreatic islet. Effects of PDM on the injured human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines (ECV304) induced by H2O2 were also investigated., Result: PDM showed no any significant effect on FSG in normal mice. However, in the mice with diabetes induced by alloxan PDM could remarkably decrease serum glucose tolerance, the contents of FSG, GSP, TC, TG and LDL-C and significantly increased the ratio of HDL-C/TC, the activity of SOD and the concentration of NO. The damage of pancreatic islet induced by alloxan was also significantly attenuated by PDM. Furthermore, PDM promoted the viability of injured ECV304, elevated SOD level and reduced the contents of MDA., Conclusion: The results in the present study suggest that PDM can significantly attenuate hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, which are probably due to its effects of antioxidation and amelioration of damaged pancreatic islet induced by free radicals.