Search

This study aims to predict the possible targets and related signaling pathways of Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills against colorectal cancer(CRC) by both network pharmacology and molecular docking and verify the mechanism of action by experiments. TCMSP was used to obtain the active ingredients and targets of Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills, and GeneCards, DrugBank, OMIM, and TTD were employed to acquire CRC-related targets. Cytoscape software was utilized to construct the drug-active ingredient-target network, and the STRING database was applied to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network. DAVID platform was adopted to investigate the targets in terms of GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was performed in AutoDock Vina. HCT 116 cells were intervened by different concentrations of Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills-containing serum, and CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of HCT 116 cells in each group. Transwell was employed to show the invasive abi-lity of HCT 116 cells, and Western blot was taken to reveal the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclinD1, c-Myc, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) marker proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and TWIST in HCT 116 cells. The network pharmacological analysis yielded 242 active ingredients of Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills, 1 844 CRC targets, and 127 overlapping targets of CRC and Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills, and the signaling pathways related to CRC involved PI3K-Akt, TNF, HIF-1, IL-17, Wnt, etc. Molecular docking showed that the key active ingredients had a stable binding conformation with the core proteins. CCK-8 indicated that Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT 116 cells. Transwell assay showed that with increasing concentration of Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills containing serum, the invasive ability of HCT 116 cells was more obviously inhibited. The expression of β-catenin, cyclinD1, c-Myc, N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and TWIST proteins were suppressed, and the expression of E-cadherin was improved by the intervention of drug-containing serum. Thus, it can be seen that Modified Huoluo Xiaoling Pills restrains the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways, and the mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby affecting the occurrence of EMT.

Microplastics are widely distributed in the biogeochemical cycle driven by microbes. Their surface is enriched with unique microbial communities, called plastispheres. Various redox environments that exist widely in the natural environment can affect the microbial composition in the plastisphere and the fate of the microplastics. To explore the microbial community composition and construction mechanism on the surface of microplastics in typical redox environments, three microplastics, PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates), PLA (polylactic acid), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride), were placed in five specific redox environments:aerobic, nitrate reduction, iron oxide reduction, sulfate reduction, and methane production. The culture experiment simulated the microcosm, which was inoculum by sludge. The results showed that microplastic factors affected 18.94% and 46.67% of the microbial communities on the plastisphere in taxonomy and phylogeny, respectively. Redox factors affected 31.04% and 90.00% of the microbial communities on the plastisphere in taxonomy and phylogeny, respectively. Compared with that in sludge, the microbial community richness and diversity were reduced on the three microplastics. The most apparent reduction was found on the plastisphere of more degradable PHA. At the same time, microbial communities on the refractory PLA and PVC surfaces remained similar. Anaerocolumna (26.44%) was the dominant genus on the surface of PHA microplastics, whereas microbes related to the redox reaction were less enriched. Clostridium_sensu_stricto_7 (15.49% and 11.87%) was the dominant strain on PLA and PVC microplastics, and the microbes related to the redox reaction were significantly enriched. Thus, characteristic microbes involved in the redox reaction will be enriched in the surface of refractory microplastics, and microplastics may affect the rate of biogeochemical cycling.

In order to investigate the effects of furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting, straw mulching, and reduced and slow-release fertilizer on soil microbial community structure of rapeseed, a two-year field study was conducted in rainy (2016-2017) and drought (2017-2018) seasons, which included three cultivation patterns:1 conventional flat planting, 2 straw mulching, and 3 ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system and four fertilization patterns:1 conventional fertilization (100% of the amount), 2 reduced slow-release fertilizer Ⅰ (80% of the amount), 3 reduced slow-release fertilizer Ⅱ (60% of the amount), and 4 no fertilizer. The results indicated that it was rainy in 2016-2017, with seasonal drought during the nutritional growth stage in 2017-2018. The two technologies (straw mulching+80% slow-release fertilizer, J80 and ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system+80% slow-release fertilizer, M80) were beneficial to boost the soil microbial activity. J80 and M80 increased the microbial biomass carbon by 9.94% and 10.32% and microbial biomass nitrogen by 2.38% and 1.19%, respectively, compared with that of the local cultivation pattern under two different climate conditions. The total amount of microbial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) decreased by 30.75% in the rainy year compared with that in the drought year, and mulching technology could effectively increase the total amount of soil PLFA. The PLFA contents of soil bacteria and fungi in the rainy year were 33.67% and 53.21%, respectively, lower than those in the drought year. However, the PLFA content of actinomycetes increased by 13.04%. Microbial communities were sensitive to abnormal precipitation. The bacteria/fungi ratio increased in rainy weather. The drought climate heighted the ratio of straight chain saturated fatty acid/straight chain monounsaturated fatty acid and straight chain monounsaturated fatty acid/cyclopropane acid. In conclusion, adopting the optimal cultivation technologies can stabilize the soil microenvironment under abnormal precipitation, relieve water and nutrient stress, and provide an effective means for rapeseed sustainable development.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is an important feature of cancer treatment in China. The methods to tap the advantages of TCM, reasonably evaluate and accurately apply Chinese patent medicines have become current research hotspots and difficulties. TCM takes syndrome differentiation and treatment as the core, with the characteristics of overall regulation and multi-targets efficacy. Therefore, the post-marketing survival benefit evaluation of Chinese patent medicines for cancer is different from that in modern medicine. The primary treatment goals in cancer patients include to improve the disease control rate and prolong their survival time. At present, Chinese patent medicines for cancer patients are lacking indepth studies on survival benefit at the post-marketing stage. In addition, the characteristics of individualized treatment with TCM have also increased the complexity of clinical research on TCM. Therefore, it is of certain practical significance and necessity to evaluate the survival benefit of Chinese patent medicines for cancer after marketing. Based on this, in this paper, we first summarized the technical methodological means of survival benefit evaluation at this stage, and then explored the post-marketing survival benefit evaluation of Chinese patent medicines for cancer from three aspects: the evaluation of cancer treatment effect based on survival time and quality of life, treatment-related toxicity and the auxiliary effect of TCM, and the improvement effect for tumor-related symptoms. Based on the practices of early clinical researches, and according to the insufficient efficacy evaluation of current clinical research on Chinese patent medicines, this paper proposed to improve the evaluation system for clinical researches on Chinese patent medicines, establish the evaluation method with TCM characteristics, clarify the dominant population, lay a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of post-marketing survival benefits of Chinese patent medicines for cancer in the future, and promote the modernization process of TCM.

In order to deal with the frequent seasonal drought and improve water use efficiency and crop photosynthetic efficiency in drylands of southwest China, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different mulching materials (common white film, common black film, biodegradable film and no film) and ridge-to-furrow ratios (40 cm:40 cm and 40 cm:80 cm) on soil water storage, as well as photosynthetic characteristics, fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) of rapeseed, with the flat planting as the control. The results showed that the average soil water storage under different mulching materials followed the order: ridge with common black film (BR) ≈ ridge with common white film (WR) ≈ ridge with biodegradable film (BDR) ＞ ridge with no film (NR) ＞ flat planting (FP). Meanwhile, ridge-to-furrow ratios did not affect soil water storage. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and fluorescence para-meters ( F m , F v , F v / F m , F v / F o , q P and q N ) of rapeseed under ridge-furrow with film mulching was higher than those under flat planting. Compared with control, SPAD value was improved by 6.1%, 8.6%, 8.5% and 3.6% under WR, BR, BDR and NR, while instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE) was increased by 18.3%, 11.4%, 16.3% and 10.4% under those treatments, respectively. Rapeseed yield under BR, WR and BDR was significantly higher than that in control, while NR did not increase yield. The treatment of ridge with common black film + 40 cm:40 cm as ridge-to-furrow ratio could gain the highest economic benefit. Ridge-furrow planting of rainfall harvesting could improve soil moisture, increase crop photosynthetic capacity, and raise yield and economic income in rapeseed fields in drylands of southwest China.

Objective: To observe the effect of medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang Minority medicine on helper T cell 17 (Th17)/ Interleukin-17F(IL-17F) signaling pathway in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of UC., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, medication and medicated thread moxibustion (MTM) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The UC model was induced by free drinking of 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 10 d. After successful modeling, rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of salazosulfapyridine (SASP). Medicated thread moxibustion was applied to unilateral "Tianshu" (ST25) and "Qihai" (CV6) alternatively for rats of the MTM group, once daily for 14 d. The body mass, stool shape, and fecal occult test were recorded and conducted daily to perform disease activity index (DAI) score. H．E. staining was used to display pathological changes of the colon tissue. The Th17 cells and IL-17F and retinoic acid related orphan receptor γ t (ROR-γt) in the colon tissue were detected by flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively, and the expression levels of RORγt and IL-17F mRNA in colon tissue were detected by quantitive real-time PCR., Results: After modeling, the DAI score, colonic Th17 percentage, RORγt and IL-17F contents, and RORγt and IL-17F mRNA expression were significantly increased in the model group in contrast to the normal control group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Following the intervention, all the aforementioned indexes were reversed in both medication and MTM groups ( P <0.01, P <0.05). No significant differences were found between the medication and MTM groups in the levels of the above mentioned indexes ( P >0.05, except RORγt and IL-17F mRNA expression). H．E. staining showed disappearance of goblet cells, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, exfoliation of the epithelial tissue and edema of colonic mucosal in rats of the model group, which was relatively milder in both medication and MTM groups., Conclusion: Medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang Minority medicine can reduce the inflammatory damage of colon tissue in UC rats, which is associated with its effects in suppressing the expression of RORγt, production of Th17 cells, and secretion of pro-inflammatory factor IL-17F in colon tissue.

There are severe soil erosion, shallow soil, reduction of soil organic matter, and poor soil and water conservation in purple soil areas in Southwest China, which become the main limiting factors for the sustainable development of agriculture. A series of buckets and field experiments in the field were employed to explore the soil aggregate and soil organic carbon in response to Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape under straw mulching, aiming to improve soil aggregate structure and increase organic carbon content. Results showed that intercropped Chinese milk vetch increased soil micro-aggregate content in rape rhizosphere, and reduced soil aggregate mean mass diameter. The change of soil macro-aggregate in rape rhizosphere was mainly caused by the change of content of soil aggregate on 10-5 mm and 5-2 mm, while the soil micro-aggregate was mainly caused by soil aggregate on 0.25-0.053 mm. Intercropped Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching significantly increased soil organic carbon content after corn growing season, with increasing the content of soil organic carbon on 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Though intercropped Chinese milk vetch and straw mulching had less effect on soil total organic carbon in rape season, more and more significant effect on 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm with rape growing, especially in stem elongation stage, flowering stage, and harvest stage. Our results showed that the characteristic of soil aggregate in rape rhizosphere could be changed by intercropped Chinese milk vetch, and that the content of soil organic carbon could be increased by Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape under straw mul-ching.

In order to explore the variation in soil microbial community diversity in paddy fields with different irrigation periods, we collected in situ rice field soils during different biogas irrigation periods and analyzed the microbial community structures of these soils by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that as the biogas irrigation period increased, the soil pH decreased gradually, while organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, and other nutrients were accumulated. Years of continued biogas irrigation was not conducive to improving rice yields. The results showed that as the biogas irrigation period increased, the richness in microbial species in paddy soils decreased gradually, and the diversity in the microbial communities was also reduced. Proteobacteria accounts for the largest proportion in rice paddy soil with biogas slurry irrigation. With the increase of biogas irrigation years, the proportion of β -Proteobacteria, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Burkholderiales, Bacteroides , and Thiobacillus increased, while the proportion of Gemmatimonadetes and α -Proteobacteria decreased gradually. Dissolved organic carbon ( F =2.67, P =0.09) had the greatest effect on microbial community structures in the studied paddy soils.

The application of green manure is facing serious problems in purple soil region of southwest China. With the aim to explore the potential application of green manure, we examined the functional characteristics of soil microbial community in a system of Chinese milk vetch intercropped with rape. The innovations are the application of Chinese milk vetch in dry land of the southwest China and the establishment of new planting pattern of rape by providing empirical data. Results showed that the intercropping with Chinese milk vetch decreased the carbon resource use efficiency of microbial community in rape rhizosphere, especially for the utilization of carbohydrates. At the same time, Shannon index, Simpson index, and richness were reduced, but evenness index was increased by intercropping. Those results from cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggest that the soil microbial community composition was significantly different between monocropping and intercropping. The carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acids were the sensitive carbon sources for differentiating the changes of the microbial community induced by monocropping and intercropping. Intercropping Chinese milk vetch could decrease functional activity, change community composition, and reduce diversity of soil microbial community in rape rhizosphere.

Objective: To observe the effect of different time windows and interventions on skin pressure ulcers and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats., Methods: Sixty?eight SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n=4) and model group (n=64). The rats in the model group were randomly divided into group A (n=32) without intervention and group B (n=32) with post?conditioning. The degree of skin compression, neutrophil infiltration and serum levels of free radicals were observed in the rats after compression for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h (8 rats at each time point)., Results: A significant difference was found in the severity of skin damage among the control group, group A, and group B (P=0.001), and the injury was milder in group B than in group A. Severe skin lesions occurred in 2 rats after skin compression for 6 h, as compared with 6 after compression for 8 h (P=0.043), but in none of the rats after compression for 2 or 4. Seventeen rats in group B and 15 in group A showed grade 1 neutrophil infiltration in the skin lesions, and 8 rats in group B and 10 in group A showed grade II neutrophil infiltration (P=0.002). Neutrophil infiltration was the mildest in rats with a 2?h compression, and exacerbated progressively and significantly as the compression time extended (P=0.027). With the prolongation of the intervention time, the rats in both groups A and B showed decreased SOD and increased MDA and NO levels, and overall the I/R injury was milder in 2? and 4?h compression groups than in 6? and 8?h compression groups. The level of serum SOD was significantly higher and MDA and NO levels were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Ischemic post?conditioning can relieve I/R injury in acute pressure ulcer in rats. The effective time window for intervention is within 6 h of ischemia, and the effect of ischemic post-conditioning is optimal within 2 h. Ischemic post?conditioning can alleviate free radical injury and inflammation caused by I/R injury.

Soil respiration is an important process for carbon emission. A field study was conducted with four treatments including T (traditional tillage+straw mulching level 0 kg·hm -2 ), R (ridge tillage+straw mulching level 0 kg·hm -2 ), RS1 (ridge tillage+straw mulching level 3750 kg·hm -2 ), and RS2 (ridge tillage+straw mulching level 7500 kg·hm -2 ), so as to probe the effects of ridge tillage and straw mulching amount on soil respiration and soil organic carbon(SOC) and the relationships of soil respiration rate with soil temperature and water content (SWC) during the growth period of fava bean in the triple intercropping system of fava bean/maize/sweat pomato in dryland region of southwest China known as the purple hilly region. The changes of soil respiration rate were in accordance with crop growing, being firstly increased and then decreased during the whole growth period of fava bean, and there were significant differences in soil respiration rate among different treatments, which could be ranked as RS2[3.365 g·(m 2 ·d) -1 ] > RS1[2.935 g·(m 2 ·d) -1 ] > T[2.683 g·(m 2 ·d) -1 ] > R[2.263 g·(m 2 ·d) -1 ]. Ridge tillage reduced soil respiration in fava bean farmland, whereas straw mulching treatment increased it, whose variation trend was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. There was a significant exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature at 5 cm and 10 cm depth, and the exponential model at 10 cm produced better fitness than that at 5 cm. The temperature sensitivity ( Q 10 ) at 10 cm could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T, being 1.751,1.665,1.616, and 1.35, respectively. The combined exponential model indicated that soil temperature and water content (SWC) could jointly explain 68%(R), 79%(RS1) and 76%(RS2) of variation in soil respiration. This study results suggested that ridge tillage and straw mulching significantly increased SOC of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, and the increase of SOC was in accordance with that of straw mulching levels. The SOC was significantly increased in 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, which could be ranked as RS2 > RS1 > R > T, and the increases in SOC at 5-10 cm were especially notable. The weighted average of particulate organic carbon (POC) at 0-30 cm was significantly increased, but the proportion of POC in SOC did not show significant influence.

Objective: To explore the effects of integrative medicine (IM) rehabilitation protocolon motor function, activity of daily living, and quality of life (QOL) in hemiplegia patients after stroke., Methods: Totally 120 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were allocated to four groups using sealed envalope drawing, i.e., the rehabilitation group, the Chinese medical treatment group, the acupuncture group, and the comprehensive rehabilitation group, 30 cases in each group. Based on routine rehabilitative training, patients in the Chinese medical treatment group, the acupuncture group, and the compre-hensive rehabilitation group received standardized treatment based on syndrome typing, Shi's Consciousness-Restoring Resuscitation acupuncture, Chinese herbs + acupuncture comprehensive rehabilitatino protocol, respectively. The treatmet cycle consisted of 4 weeks with 24-week follow-ups. Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale(SS-QQL), and safety assessment were taken as main effect indices before treatment, at week 4 of treatment, at week 12 and 24 of follow-ups, respectively., Results: There was no statistical difference in FMA score, MBI score, SS-QOL score among the four groups before treatment (P > 0.05). These scores were significantly improved in the four groups at week 4 of treatment, week 12 and 24 of follow-ups, respectively (P < 0.05). Besides, FMA score and SS-QOL score were significantly improved in the comprehensive rehabilitation group at each corresponding time point, as compared with other treatment groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The comprehensive protocol could significantly improve motor function, activity of daily living in hemiplegia patients after stroke, and further improve their QOL. Its effect was better than other single treatment.

Under the background of global warming, the farmland soil respiration has become the main way of agricultural carbon emissions. And green manure has great potential to curb greenhouse gas emissions and achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction. However, in purple soil region of Southwest, China, soil respiration under green manure remains unclear, especially in the winter and intercropping. Through the green manure ( Chinese milk vetch) intercropping with rape, therefore, we compared the effects of rape rhizosphere under straw mulching. The soil organic carbon and soil respiration were examined. The results showed, compared with straw mulching, root separation was the major influencing factors of soil organic carbon on rape rhizosphere. Soil organic carbon was significantly decreased by root interaction. In addition, straw mulching promoted while green manure intercropping inhibited the soil respiration. Soil respiration presented the general characteristics of fall-rise-fall due to the strong influence of rape growth period. Therefore, it showed a cubic curve relationship with soil temperature.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture of Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. on plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) level in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) so as to study its mechanism underlying improvement of ACI., Methods: A total of 160 patients with ACI were randomly divided into four groups: medication (Aspirin and Panax Notoginseng Saponins for improving blood circulation), acupuncture, Tongxinluo, and acupuncture+ Tongxinluo groups, with 40 cases being in each group. Plasma LPA content was measured using biochemical method, and the therapeutic effects of the 4 groups were assessed by neurologic deficit score which were evaluated using the modified standards of the 4Th Session of Chinese National Cerebrovascular Conference issued in 1995., Results: Following the treatment, plasma LPA levels and neurological deficit scores were significantly decreased in the medication, acupuncture, Tongxinluo and acupuncture+ Tongxinluo groups in com- parison with pre-treatment in each group (P<0.01), and LPA level and neurological deficit score of the acupuncture + Tongxinluo group were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (P<0. 01). Of the four 40 cases in the medication, acupuncture, Tongxinluo and acupuncture+Tongxinluo groups, 6, 7, 7 and 12 patients were basically cured, 9, 8, 9 and 18 experienced marked improvement in their symptoms, 14, 16, 15 and 6 were improved, 6, 5, 4 and 2 were invalid, 5, 4, 5 and 2 got worsened, with the effective rates(basically cured+ improvement) being 37.5%, 37.5%, 40.0% and 75.0%, respectively. The therapeutic effect of the acupuncture+Tongxinluo group was significantly superior to those of the other three groups (P<0. 01)., Conclusion: Acupuncture can accelerate the recovery of neurological function and ameliorate clinical symptoms in ACI patients, which may be related to its effect in lowering plasma PLA. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture + Tongxinluo is relatively better than simple acupuncture and simple medication.

Objective: To compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on cervical spondylosis between acupuncture at three lines of cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2) and oral administration of jingfukang granules., Methods: Three hundred cases of cervical spondylosis were divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 150 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, according to the different types of cervical spondylosis, acupuncture was applied at three lines of cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2), once a day. In the medication group, jingfukang granules were prescribed for oral administration, one bag each time, three times a day. The treatment of ten days made one session in the two groups and two sessions were required totally. Before and after two sessions of treatment, the clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis (CASCS) was adopted to evaluate the score of subjective symptoms, clinical physical signs and adaptability as well as the total score in the patients of the two groups and the efficacy was compared., Results: The patients' symptoms and physical signs were alleviated, the adaptability was improved and the score of each item and the total score were increased in the two groups after treatment (all P<0.01). The improvements in the acupuncture group were better than those in the medication group (all P<0.01). The curative and markedly effective rate was 90.7% (136/150) in the acupuncture group, better than 66.0% (99/150) in the medication group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Acupuncture at three lines of cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2) achieves the significant clinical efficacy on cervical spondylosis. This therapy is superior to relieving symptoms and physical signs and recovering adaptability as compared with jingfukang granules.

In order to study the characteristics of carbon sources and sinks in the winter wheat farmland ecosystem in southwest hilly region of China, the LI6400-09 respiratory chamber was adopted in the experiment conducted in the experimental field in Southwest University in Chongqing. The soil respiration and plant growth dynamics were analyzed during the growth period of wheat in the triple intercropping system of wheat-maize-soybean. Four treatments including T (traditional tillage), R (ridge tillage), TS (traditional tillage + straw mulching), and RS (ridge tillage + straw mulching) were designed. Root biomass regression (RR) and root exclusion (RE) were used to compare the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration. The results showed that the average soil respiration rate was 1.71 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1) with a variation of 0.62-2.91 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1). Significant differences in soil respiration rate were detected among different treatments. The average soil respiration rate of T, R, TS and RS were 1.29, 1.59, 1.99 and 1.96 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1), respectively. R treatment did not increase the soil respiration rate significantly until the jointing stage. Straw mulching treatment significantly increased soil respiration, with a steadily high rate during the whole growth period. During the 169 days of growth, the total soil respiration was 2 266.82, 2799.52, 3 483.73 and 3 443.89 kg x hm(-2) while the cumulative aboveground biomasses were 51 800.84, 59 563.20, 66 015.37 and 7 1331.63 kg x hm(-2). Compared with the control, the yield of R, TS and RS increased by 14.99%, 27.44% and 37.70%, respectively. The contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration was 47.05% by RBR, while it was 53.97% by RE. In the early growth period, the carbon source was weak. The capacity of carbon sink started to increase at the jointing stage and reached the maximum during the filling stage. The carbon budget of wheat field was 5 924.512, 6743.807, 8350.741, 8 876.115 kg x hm(-2), respectively. The results indicated that ridge tillage and straw mulching conservation tillage significantly improved the carbon sink in the wheat farmland ecosystem.

The clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity was systemically analyzed to provide reference and assistance for its clinical treatment and research. By searching in the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity published from Jan, 2009 to July, 2013 were collected while Revman 5. 2 software was applied to perform the Meta-analysis. Totally 19 articles were acquired with 1 658 cases involved. The effective rate was selected as primary outcome measure in 19 articles. The Meta-analysis was performed among homogeneous researches. The results indicated that compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.45 with 95% CI [1.81, 3.32]; in the test for overall effect, Z = 5.81, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01). In subgroups analysis, in the event of treatment session with more than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.61 with 95% CI [1.53, 4.46]; in test for overall effect, Z = 3.51, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01); in the event of treatment session with less than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.38 with 95% CI [1.65, 3.44]; in test for overall effect, Z = 4.46, implying in the treatment of simple obesity the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant (P < 0.01). Compared with electroacupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.79, 95% CI [1.08, 2.95] (P = 0.02). Compared with acupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.89, 95% CI [1.16, 3.09] (P = 0.01), which explained that compared with electroacupuncture and acupuncture, the efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding was significantly different. In a word, the clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding is superior to other therapies in the treatment of simple obesity.

Objective: To compare the clinical therapeutic effects differences between acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) on promoting regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury., Methods: Based on regular emergency treatments of neurosurgery, eighty-two cases of craniocerebral injury who were under stable condition were randomly divided into an observation group (42 cases) and a control group (40 cases). Suliao (GV 25) was selected as main aupoint, while Laogong (PC 8) and Yongquan (KI 1), etc. were selected as adjuvant acupoints and Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12), etc. were selected as matching acupoints in the observation group where a strong needle manipulation was applied to improve the regain of consciousness. The main acupoint of Shuigou (GV 26) along with identical adjuvant acupoints and matching acupoints in the observation group were selected in the control group with identical strong needle manipulation. The treatment was given once a day in both groups, five times per week and ten times were considered as one session. The immediate clinical symptoms after acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) and Shuigou (GV 26) were observed as well as Glasgow coma scale (GCS) before the treatment, after 45 days and 90 days of treatment to assess the resuscitation time and rate. Also the clinical efficacy was compared between both groups., Results: The occurrence rate of sneezing reflex was 85.7% (36/42) in the observation group, which was higher than 25.0% (10/40) in the control group (P < 0.01). The average resuscitation time was (64.6 +/- 19.4) days in the observation group, which was obviously shorter than (73.8 +/- 14. 6) days in the control group (P < 0.05). The resuscitation rate was 88.1% (37/42) in the observation group, which was similar to 75.0% (30/40) in the control group (P > 0.05). Compared before the treatment, GCS were both improved after the treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01). The 90-day GCS was 9.52 +/- 2.32 in the observation group, which was superior to 8.47 +/-2.14 in the control group (P < 0.05). The curative and markedly effective rate was 45.2% (19/42) in the observation group, which was superior to 22.5% (9/40) in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The effect of acupuncture at Suliao (GV 25) on improving regain of consciousness from coma in severe craniocerebral injury is positive. It could specifically improve sneezing reflex and stimulate respiratory center, which has more obvious effect than acupuncture at Shuigou (GV 26).

The results of Raman, SEM, CL and EDS analysis show that the quartz-type BIF (banded iron formation) in Tieshanmiao formation, from Wuyang area of south North China Craton mainly contains quartz, magnetite and a small quantity of calcite. In comparison, magnetites represent the highest automorphic degree, while calcites contribute to the lowest automorphic degree. In addition, the automorphic degree of the quartz lies between magnetite and calcite. In the results of Raman analysis, the crystallinity and order degree are quite diverse in the vertical direction of the calcite band-like, and this is different from the calcite vein precipitating from the upper hydrothermal fluid. There are obvious plastic flow happening to calcite particles. During the process of plastic flow, the calcites are finally filled in the space between quartz and magnetite. This is the reason why the cross sectional shape and distributional characteristics of calcite aggregate are controlled by the particles of quartz and magnetite, which is also evidenced by the calcite filled into the slight interspace between two particles of quartz. In the Raman analysis, there are apparent differences of microarea component in calcite band-like, and this denotes that it is produced by the plastic flow and concourse process. What's more, the calcite acts as the migration intermedium of tiny magnetite during their concourse and crystallization processes, which is witnessed by the concentrated particles of magnetite in small size in local parts of the calcites. With the help of calcite, the small magnetite particles join together to crystallize with bigger size or form aggregate of minerals.

Objective: To explore the operative technique and clinical results of using peroneal perforator-based sural neurofasciocutaneous flaps to repair skin and soft tissue defects in lower extremities., Methods: From January 2009 to March 2012, 26 patients with skin and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot were hospitalized. Among them, 9 patients suffered from tendon or bone exposure at the distal region of leg after injury due to traffic accident; 4 patients suffered from skin defects in the ankle as a result of electric injury; 8 patients suffered from chronic ulcer at the distal part of leg and foot; 5 patients suffered from plantar pressure ulcer. After debridement, soft tissue defect sizes ranged from 11 cm×5 cm to 18 cm×13 cm. According to the position and size of the defects, peroneal perforator-based sural neurofasciocutaneous flaps were designed and procured to repair the skin and soft tissue defects. The size of flaps ranged from 12 cm×6 cm to 20 cm×15 cm. Flap donor sites were closed by direct suture or skin grafting., Results: Twenty-five flaps survived completely. Only one flap suffered partial margin necrosis in the size of 2 cm×1 cm, which was healed after dressing change. Patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months. The appearance and sensation of flaps were satisfactory; no ulcer occurred; the movement of lower extremities was normal., Conclusions: It is suitable to repair the skin and soft tissue defects at distal region of leg and foot with the peroneal perforator-based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap, as it possesses reliable blood supply, long and non-bulky pedicle, and sufficient available size. The operation is also easy to perform.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect and safety of Sulfasalazine (SASP) combined with ZHUANG medicine mediated thread moxibustion (ZMMTM) for patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC)., Methods: A total of 46 UC patients were randomly and equally divided into moxibustion group (SASP combined with ZMMTM) and SASP medication group. Patients of both groups were treated by oral administration of SASP (1 g, tid) for six weeks. For patients of the moxibustion group, ZMMTM was applied to points Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), and Dachangshu (BL 25), once a day, for 20 times. The therapeutic effect was assessed according to Schroeder and colleagues' method (1987), scores of Baron' s endoscope scale (0 - 9 scoring standards, 1964), 0 - 3 scoring standards of activity indexes (including 4 items of diarrhea, hemorrhage, mucosal appearance and doctors' evaluation), respectively., Results: Of the two 32 UC patients in the medication and moxibustion groups, 6 and 9 had a complete remission in their symptoms, 6 and 7 experienced a remarkable improvement, 5 and 6 were effective, and 6 and 1 was invalid, with the effective rates being 73.91% and 95.65%, respectively. Following the treatment, both endoscopic score and activity index in the moxibustion group were significantly lower than those of the medication group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: ZMMTM combined with medication is significantly superior to simple medication in relieving clinical symptoms of mild and moderate UC patients.

In order to investigate the effect of conservation tillage on soil respiration in dry cropping farmland in southwest purple hilly region, the LI6400-09 respiratory chamber was adopted in the experiment conducted in the experimental field in Southwest University in Beibei, Chongqing. The respiration and the hydrothermal and biotic factors of soil were measured and analyzed during the growth period of wheat in the triple intercropping system of wheat/maize/soybean. There were four treatments including T (traditional tillage), R (ridge tillage), TS (traditional tillage + straw mulching) and RS (ridge tillage + straw mulching), which were all in triplicates. The results indicated that the soil respiration rate changed in the range of 1.100-2.508 micromol x (m2 x s)(-1) during the reproductive growth stage of wheat. There were significant differences in soil respiration rate among different treatments, which could be ranked as RS > R > TS > T. The soil temperature in the 10cm layer was ranked as T > R > TS > RS. The relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature fitted well with an exponential function, in which the Q10 values were 1.25, 1.20, 1.31 and 1.26, respectively. The soil moisture in the 5cm layer was ranked as TS > RS > T > R. The best fitting model between soil moisture and soil respiration was a parabolic curve, indicating the presence of soil moisture with the strongest soil respiration. The response threshold of wheat to soil moisture was 14.80%-17.47% during the reproductive stage. The dominant groups of soil animals were Collembola and Acarina, which were correlated with soil respiration to some extent. The correlation was high in the treatments T and R, ranged from 0.669-0.921, whereas there was no remarkable correlation in the other treatments.

Objective: To verify the clinical efficacy on rear thigh muscles strain of athletes treated with surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and hot compress of Chinese medicine., Methods: Eighty-six cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 43 cases in each one. In the observation group, surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and hot compress of Chinese medicine were used at Ashi points around the local affected area of rear thigh muscles. In the control group, conventional needling method and local cupping were applied at Chengfu (BL 36), Yinmen (BL 37), Weizhong (BL 40), etc. The treatment was given once a day. Ten treatments made one session. Two sessions were required. The score of rear thigh muscles pain, swelling and tenderness, walking function recovery and the total score were compared before and after treatment between two groups. The efficacy was compared between two groups., Results: The score of pain, swelling and tenderness, walking function recovery and the total score were reduced obviously after treatmeat in two groups (all P < 0.01), and the improvements in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The cured and remarkably effective rate was 83.7% (36/43) in the observation group, which was better than 60.5% (26/43) in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The efficacy of the surrounding needling of electroacupuncture and the hot compress of Chinese medicine is significant on rear thigh muscles strain for the athletes, which is superior to that of the conventional needling method and cupping in terms of the improvements in the symptoms and physical signs as well as the recovery of the walking function.

Objective: To observe the spermicidal effect of alcohol extracts from different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul in vitro., Methods: Semen samples aseptically obtained by masturbation and prepared by density gradient centrifugation from 15 healthy men were incubated in the alcohol extracts from 9 different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul for 20 seconds, 2 minutes and 4 minutes. Then the motility and movement parameters of the sperm were detected by computer-assisted semen analysis, and the minimal effective concentrations of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts were determined., Results: At the ratio of 3:1, the extract at 0.5 mg/ml significantly inhibited the sperm motility and other sperm movement parameters VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, WOB and MAD, as compared with the control group. The minimal effective concentration of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts was 3.5 mg/ml at 3:1., Conclusion: The alcohol extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait and Chinese Bulbul at the ratio of 3:1 have the best spermicidal effect in vitro.

Objective: To study the effects of prolonged 85% oxygen exposure on lung vascular development and the expression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in the neonatal rat lungs., Methods: Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rat pups were randomly exposed to air (control group) and 85% oxygen (experimental group) 6 hrs after birth. The rats were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure and their lungs were sampled. The lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological evaluation and analysis of vessel volume density. Expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) in lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Ang-1 protein and mRNA was detected by Western Blot and Real time-PCR., Results: After being exposed to 85% oxygen for 14 days, lung tissues had pathological changes as "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The RAC on day 7 and day 14 in experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(10.55 ± 0.13) vs. (11.74 ± 0.19), (12.47 ± 0.05) vs. (15.03 ± 0.16), P < 0.05]. The X-ray showed that the diameter of lung vessel was much smaller and the vessels had less branches in experimental group compared with the control group on day 14. The vessel volume density on day 14 in experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(3.55 ± 0.09) vs. (6.03 ± 0.16), P < 0.05]. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expressions of Ang-1 protein on day 7 and day 14 in the experimental group decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(4.27 ± 0.34) vs. (3.10 ± 0.29), P < 0.05, (5.65 ± 0.49) vs. (3.21 ± 0.28), P < 0.01], [(0.88 ± 0.31) vs. (0.41 ± 0.12), P < 0.05, (0.90 ± 0.29) vs. (0.21 ± 0.06), P < 0.01]. The expressions of Ang-1 mRNA on day 7 and day 14 in the experimental group also decreased significantly as compared with the control group [(0.85 ± 0.14) vs. (0.44 ± 0.21), P < 0.05, (0.87 ± 0.24) vs. (0.24 ± 0.05), P < 0.01]., Conclusions: Prolonged exposure of high concentration of oxygen may cause impairment of lung vascular development by inhibiting expression of Ang-1 in neonatal rats, which is likely to contribute to pathogenesis of BPD.

Objective: To investigate the possible influence of cryoglobulinemia on the antiviral effect in chronic hepatitis C patients, who were treated with combination therapy of pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin., Methods: Forty consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) were enrolled in the study. They received pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40kD, 180mug/w) along with ribavirin. Baseline cryoglobulins were detected in the sera by cryoprecipitation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping was performed and HCV viral load was detected at baseline, and at 4, 12 weeks during treatment, 24 weeks after cessation of treatment., Results: Eighteen (45.0%) patients infected with HCV were cryoglobulins positive at baseline. Mean serum HCV RNA level in cryoglobulins positive patients was higher than that in cryoglobulins negative patients (6.36+/-0.63 vs. 5.70+/-1.20, P = 0.032). The rapid virological response (RVR) rate was statically different between cryoglobulins positive patients and cryoglobulins negative ones (6/18, 33.3% vs. 15/22, 68.2%, P = 0.028). In contrast, no difference was found in early virological response (EVR) rate between the cryoglobulins positive patients and cryoglobulins negative ones (14/17, 82.4% vs. 18/21, 85.7%, P = 1.0). Sustained virological response (SVR) rate in cryoglobulins positive and cryoglobulins negative was different (0/3, 0 vs 6/6, 100%, P = 0.012). The rate of patients achieved RVR was different between the patients infected with HCV genotype 1 b of two groups (cryoglobulins positive: 2/13, 15.4% vs cryoglobulins negative 14/21; 66.7%, P = 0.005). However, the rate of EVR in patients infected HCV genotype 1 b was not statistically different (cryoglobulins positive: 9/12, 75.0% vs. cryoglobulins negative 17/20; 81.2%, P = 0.647)., Conclusion: The rates of RVR and SVR achievement in cryoglobulinemia positive CHC patients are lower than those in cryoglobulinemia negative CHC patients.

Objective: To assess the preemptive analgesia effect of catgut implantation in Chengshan (BL 57) area on hemorrhoid operation-induced pain and the security, so as to find a new method for easing post-operative pain of hemorrhoid., Methods: A total of 120 cases of mixed hemorrhoids patients were randomly divided into the catgut implantation group and medication group (n=60). In implantation group, a piece of catgut was embedded into bilateral BL 57 acupoint area half an hour before surgery. Patients of the medication group were asked to orally take Tramadol Hydrochloride Capsules (100 mg) after the surgery. The pain score of mixed hemorrhoids patients was evaluated 5, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after operation by using visual analogue scales (VAS). The complications, analgesics use and adverse reactions were recorded simultaneously., Results: Comparison between two groups showed that the VAS scores of the catgut implantation group at 5, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the medication group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications of uroschesis and hydroncus, adverse reactions of nausea, vomiting and vertigo, and the number of patients using Sauteralgyl were significantly lower in the catgut implantation group than in the medication group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Catgut implantation at BL 57 can effectively relieve the postoperative pain, reduce postoperative adverse reactions and complications in mixed hemorrhoids patients.

Objective: To investigate the changes of Cdc42 expression under estrogen stimulation, and to explore the signaling pathway of intracellular material transportation caused by estrogen., Methods: MTT was used to test the drug sensitivity of cells. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of Cdc42 mRNA. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of active-Cdc42 and Total-Cdc42 were measured by Western blot., Results: IC(50) of ADM in MCF-7 cells was increased from (0.098 ± 0.011) µg/ml to (0.134 ± 0.130) µg/ml (P < 0.05) after estrogen stimulation. The amount of ADM accumulated in MCF-7 cells was reduced from 7.253 ± 0.310 to 3.233 ± 0.313 (P < 0.05). All of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were increased (P < 0.05). After the treatment with siRNA, the IC(50) of ADM in siRNA group was decreased to (0.057 ± 0.017) µg/ml (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. The amount of accumulated ADM was significantly increased in the siRNA group, and all the expression levels of Cdc42 mRNA, active-Cdc42 protein and total-Cdc42 protein were decreased in the siRNA group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Estrogen enhances the drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The mechanism of this effect may be via the enhancing Cdc42 expression and decreasing the accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs in the cancer cells.

Objective: To discuss the effect of electroacupuncture at Chengshan (BL 57) on postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids., Methods: One hundred and twenty cases with postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids were divided into an electroacupuncture group (60 cases) and a medication group (60 cases) randomly. The disperse-dense wave in frequency of 2Hz/100Hz at Chengshan (BL 57) were used in the electroacupuncture group. Its first treatment was in 30 min after the operation, and then it was given once a day after hip bath in the morning. 2 tablets of Naproxen Sunstained Release Capsule were taken in 30 min after operation in the medication group, and then it was taken 2 tablets a day before dressing change. After 4 times of treatment, evaluate the changing condition of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 5 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after operation., Results: The VAS at 5 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after operation in the electroacupuncture group (6.78 +/- 2.12, 5.56 +/- 1.87, 4.34 +/- 2.23 and 3.15 +/- 2.11) were all lower than those in the medication group (7.56 +/- 2.01, 6.23 +/- 1.15, 5.57 +/- 2.21 and 4.34 +/- 2.12), and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at Chengshan (BL 57) can reduce the postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids.

The behaviors of biological phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) removal in a lab-scaled anaerobic/anoxic/oxic-biological aerated filter (A2/O-BAF) combined system were investigated during the treatment of real domestic wastewater with the temperature at 15 degrees C, the C/N ratio of 4.9 and internal recycle ratio of 100%, 200%, 300% and 400%. Experimental results clearly showed that COD, N and P can be simultaneously deeply removed in this combined system. When the total HRT was 8.0 h, SRT was 15 d,sludge recycle ratio was 100% and MLSS was 4.0 mg x L(-1), the concentrations of COD, total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen could be reached to less than 50.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mg x L(-1) in the effluent, respectively. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) could be reduced from 70.9, 72.1, 70.6 and 73.3 mg x L(-1) in the raw wastewater to that of 24.8, 16.5, 9.6 and 8.7 mg x L(-1) in the effluent, respectively. The removal efficiencies of TN were 65.0%, 77.1%, 86.4% and 88.1%, respectively. There was no distinct relationship between the internal recycle ratio and the removal efficiencies of COD, TP and ammonia nitrogen. However, the removal efficiencies of TN increased with the increasing of the internal recycle ratio, the rising rate was descending. Both the capacity of denitrifying and phosphorus removal in anoxic zone increased simultaneously with the increasing of the internal recycle ratio. Batch tests indicated that the population of denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) was up to 40.5% of the total phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs).

Objective: A molecular biology method was studied to identify medical Dendrobium and to provide a method for quality control of these plants., Method: ISSR primer was screened through ISSR-PCR reaction according to its gene resolving power, and digital barcodes were established for identification., Results: Screening 2 primers which Rp value above 8, This primers can identify medical Dendrobium from 6 kinds 8 groups., Conclusion: ISSR molecular maker technology is useful for identifying species and habitats of medical Dendrobium plants.

Objective: This study is to evaluate the soft tissue change of Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with vertical growth pattern after tooth extraction orthodontic treatment, and to provide experimental results to help to make orthodontic treatment plan and treatments., Methods: 38 Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with vertical growth pattern and with tooth extraction orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The pre- and post-treatment cephalometric X-rays were made and 26 measurement items were measured. The change value of pre- and post-treatment, youngsters and adults were compared., Results: TUL-EP, TLL-EP, upper and lower lip position, Stoms-Stomi, U1-Ptm were reduced after treatment. Upper lip sulcus and flange thickness, upper and lower lip length, upper and lower lip inclination angle, nasolabial angle, Z angle, mentolabial sulcus inclination angle were enlarged after treatment. The upper lip sulcus thickness, lower lip length and A'-Ptm of adolescent were enlarged, but adult were on the contrary. The change of upper lip length, mentolabial sulcus inclination angle and U1-Ptm between adolescent and adult was statistically different., Conclusion: The best treatment period of patients with Angle's Class II division 1 malocculsion with vertical growth pattern was in the rapid growth and development period of adolescent.

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of superior or inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps for the gluteal sores., Methods: Before operation, the perforator artery was detected by Doppler flowmeter and labeled. The perforator flap was designed, including the perforator artery, but not the gluteal maximum muscle., Results: From Aug. 2006 to May 2009, 15 cases were treated. The flap size ranged from 6 cm x 8 cm to 7 cm x 15 cm. All the flaps survived completely without hematoma, seroma or other complication., Conclusions: The gluteal maximum muscle-reserved gluteal artery perforator flap is a good choice for gluteal sore with reliable blood supply and less morbidity in donor site.

Objective: To analyze and summarize the rule of manual strangulation, as well as to look for the key points of injury identification, in order to provide information for formulating and revising the identification regulations., Methods: Twenty-one cases of manual strangulation from 1963 to 2004 in Xiangfan were reviewed and analyzed according to the characters, symptoms and appraisements., Results: The majority of assaulters in manual strangulation was young adult male and often could find the counteracted wounds on them. The throttling mark reaction usually could be found in victims and the cardinal symptoms were contusion in throat and asphyxiation in ocular region., Conclusion: The degree of injuries is mainly moderate and slight. There is some inadaptability in the current regulations.

Neonatal intensive care units face increasing ethical dilemmas as advancing medical techniques prolong the dying process of newborns with life-threatening congenital abnormalities. This article explores the ethical dilemma posed with regard to a newborn suffering from Edwards syndrome. The issue whether or not to resuscitate was approached using Jensen's four topics method. Under conditions of medical futility, the presupposition of a poor quality of life for the child and respect for parental autonomy, a decision was made against resuscitation. Medical professionals have a responsibility to help parents deal with the dying process through palliative care that provides a good death for newborns suffering from severe congenital abnormalities.

Objective: To study the changes in the mRNA expression of endothelial cellular adhesion molecules in the cerebral blood vessels in rats with prestroke condition caused by simulated cold wave., Methods: Two-kidney two-clip renovascular hypertension was induced in 48 male SD rats, which were subsequently randomly assigned into cold wave exposure and non-exposed group (n=24). Each group was further divided into 4 sub-groups according to their systolic blood pressure, namely the sham-operated group with blood pressure (BP)<140 mmHg, mild hypertensive group with BP of 160-199 mmHg, moderate hypertensive group with BP of 200-219 mmHg, and severe hypertensive group with BP no less than 220 mmHg. Cold wave exposure was simulated by housing the rats in an artificial climate chamber with 3 cycles of 12 h light at 22 degrees celsius; and 12 h dark at 4 degrees celsius;. The non-exposed group was kept at 22 degrees celsius; throughout the experiment. After the exposure, the rats were sacrificed and the tissues of the frontal lobe were slice into 2.0-mm-thick coronal sections for real-time RT-PCR detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and p-selectin mRNA expressions. The 5.0-microm-thick frozen sections from the bregma section underwent in situ hybridization of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin. The other sections were stained with HE to observe the infarct lesions, and the rats with cerebral infraction were excluded from the statistical analysis., Results: In rats with cold wave exposure-induced prestroke condition and BP <220 mmHg, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions all increased compared with those in the non-exposed group. In rats with BP>or=220 mmHg and cold exposure, the expressions all decreased to some extent compared with those in the non-exposed treatment. In the non-exposed rats, a positive correlation of BP to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions were noted, and this correlation was also found in cold-wave-exposed rats with BP <220 mmHg; VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and p-selectin mRNA expressions decreased dramatically in the exposed rats with BP >or=220 mmHg compared with those in rats with BP <220 mmHg., Conclusion: Persistent and severe hypertension impairs the modulatory function of the cerebral vascular endothelia, which is a prerequisite for the stroke vulnerability. The modulatory function deteriorates as the BP further increases.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of transhepatic arterial "dual-thermotherapy" (DT) for parenchymal hepatic cells carcinoma., Methods: Fifty patients (mean age 55.5 years, DT group) with parenchymal hepatic cells carcinoma were treated with transhepatic arterial thermochemotherapy with warmed lipiodol (80 degrees C) and warmed chemotherapeutic agents (50 degrees C). Another 50 patients (mean age 54 years) were treated with ordinary transhepatic arterial chemomembolization (TACE) with the same chemotherapeutic drugs but without warming (TACE group)., Results: The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 77.6%, 53.1% and 46.1%, respectively, in TD group; and 54.4%, 24.2% and 16.1%, resectively, in TACE group; the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The sidejeffect of the feeling of cauterization (cases/persistence time) in DT group was statistically significant compared with TACE group (P<0.05), and the difference was not statistically significant about other side-effects., Conclusion: Transhepatic arterial perfusion of warmed lipiodol (80 degrees C) and chemotherapeutic agents (50 degrees C), namely, "dual-thermotherapy" is a simple, safe and effective method for treating hepatic carcinoma with less complications than ordinary TACE.

Through health promotion campaigns, health literacy has become a vital factor in determining a population's health in terms of the macro view of health. Since the 1990s, the concept has been increasingly valued in American health circles. Health literacy not only means understanding medical information, but also implies the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. There are three instruments for estimating individuals' health literacy, including the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) , the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (Short-TOFHLA) and the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). Literature review reveals that health literacy is an important indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of a health education program for the 21st century. The author suggests that nurses adopt such strategies for health education as designing educational materials that prompt introspection, using a range of Internet technologies and designing strategies of community empowerment to conduct health education programs, in order to improve clients' health literacy and raise the effectiveness of such programs.

Objective: To evaluate if the necrotic tumor tissue treated with microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) can sensitize dendritic cell (DCs), and if the sensitized DCs have the specific inhibit effect on tumor cell., Methods: CT-26 tumor nodules planted percutaneously in BALB/c mice were treated with MCT. The treated tumor tissue was levigated and filtrates and the filtrate obtained was incubated with the DCs from marrow of the BALB/c mice to get sensitized DCs. The shape of the DCs was observed by the microscopy and the electron microscopy respectively and the immune phenotype was detected by flow cytometer. The ability of the DCs to induce proliferation of T cells was measured by (3)H-TdR incorporation assay. The cytotoxicity of CTL activated by the DCs was measured by (51)Cr release assay. The inhibition of the DCs on the growth of CT-26 tumor in the mice was observed., Results: The DCs cultured with the filter from necrotic tissue of CT-26 tumor had the typical shape and immune phenotype of the sensitized DCs. The intensity of the sensitized DCs and the naive DC to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation at the DC/T of 1:10 was 80 +/- 10 vs 10 +/- 5 (P < 0.01); and at the DC/T of 1:20 was 58 +/- 7 vs 9 +/- 3 (P < 0.01). The killing effect of specific CTLs on CT-26 cancer cells in the sensitized DCs and the naive DCs group were 13.6 +/- 2.5 vs 1.1 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.01) at the E/T of 10:1, 27.5 +/- 4.4 vs 1.4 +/- 0.4 (P < 0.01) at E/T 20:1, and 51.2 +/- 8.1 vs 1.4 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.01) at the E/T of 50:1 respectively. The specific CTL's killing effect on MIP/ND4 lymphoma cells in the sensitized DCs and the naive DCs group were 2.61 +/- 0.64 vs 0.87 +/- 0.15 (P > 0.01) at the E/T of 10:1, 5.22 +/- 0.65 vs 2.18 +/- 0.41 (P > 0.01)at the E/T of 20:1, and 6.09 +/- 0.83 vs 3.91 +/- 0.51 (P > 0.01) at the E/T of 50:1 respectively. The difference of the volumes of the tumor implanted percutaneously in the BALB/c mice became more and more obviously with the prolongation of mice survival times in the sensitized DC group, the naive DC group and the control group. The weight of the tumor at the fortieth day were 4.5 g +/- 1.1 g, 6.9 g +/- 1.6 g, 9.0 g +/- 1.5 g in the three groups respectively (P < 0.01). Finally the special killing effect of the T cells which extracted from the spleen of the mice whose tumor had been treated by the sensitized DCs in vivo and in vitro were observed., Conclusion: As an whole cell antigen, the necrotic CT-26 tumor tissue treated with MCT can sensitize DCs, and the sensitized DCs have the specific inhibitory effect on CT-26 tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: To study the effect and complications of augmentation phalloplasty by implanting autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts into the bilateral albuginea of the penile corpus., Methods: Five mongrel dogs underwent augmentation phalloplasty with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts. The increase in the volume of the corpora cavernosa was achieved by applying autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts to longitudinal openings made bilaterally in the albuginea along the whole length of the penile cavernous corpora. The perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was measured in the flaccid state and during erection and dynamic infusion cavernosometry (DIC) was conducted for each dog before and after the operation. Histology of the penis was examined using hematoxylin and eosin stains., Results: The average increase in the perimeter of the penile cavernous corpora was 21. 1% in the erectile state but unobvious in the flaccid state 3 months after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in cavernosometric parameters before and after the operation, and neither were there any other severe postoperative complications. The grafts had mild inflammatory reaction and fibrosis with apparent reformation of the tunica albuginea over the patch site., Conclusion: The augmentation phalloplasty technique with bilateral autogenous tunica vaginalis grafts was proved to be effective and reliable with few complications, particularly conspicuous in increasing the volume of the erectile tissues during erection.

Objective: To study the effect of Shuangling Fuzheng anti-tumor preparation (SLAP) five groups on proliferation and c-myc gene expression of SGC-7901 cells in vitro., Method: The inhibitory effect of single SLAP (40 -640 microg x mL(-1)) and combined therapy with adriamycin (0.4, 4.0 microg x mL(-1) or cisplatin (0.1,1.0 microg x mL(-1) on human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells proliferation were observed by MTT colorimetric analysis method. Technique of flow cytometry in vitro was used to measure the rate of positive sign of SLAP (80 - 320 microg x mL(-1)) on c-myc gene protein of SGC-7901 cells., Result: SGC-7901 cells proliferation were inhibited by single SLAP in dose of 40 - 640 microg x mL(-1) 24 h. Its inhibitory rate was increased with increase of dose. The inhibitory rate on SGC-7901 cells could be increased by SLAP in dose of 40 - 640 microg x mL(-1) plus adriamycin in dose of 0.4 and 4.0 microg x mL(-1) or plus cisplatin in dose of 0.1 and 1.0 microg x mL(-1). At the same time, SLAP (80 - 320 microg x mL(-1)) also could inhibite the expression of c-myc gene of SGC -7901 cells., Conclusion: Single SLAP had inhibiting effect on human gastric carcinoma cells proliferation with a dose-effect relationship and synergic effect while combined with adriamycin or cisplatin. To inhibit the expression of c-myc gene of human gastric carcinoma cells might be one of action mechanisms of SLAP, which inhibited tumor cells proliferation.

Empowerment, rooted in the black civil rights and other civic movements of the 1960s, has greatly impacted thought and theories on health promotion activities, management strategies, and educational reform. Public health nurses are vital facilitators to the introduction and implementation of the empowerment concept in the health care field. Employee empowerment, based on the concept of empowerment, comprises the two domains of ability and power, which may be assessed through psychological and organizational empowerment. This article illustrates the employee empowerment model, the combination of cognitive empowerment model, and its application in public health nursing. The empowering process includes confirming feelings of powerlessness during the dialogue phase; empowerment education and organizational dialogue during the development phase; and collective action for goal-setting during the action phase. This paper also notes issues that should be considered related to model implementation, including new technology of old paradigm, the risk for more disempowered status, and an appropriate methodology for research paradigms. The employee empowerment model presented in this paper may be used as a guide to design empowerment education curricula for public health nurses.

The concept of empowerment, widely accepted and utilized in many health-related disciplines, connotes a process of gaining control over one's life and influencing the organizational and social structures in which one lives. This article demonstrates an example of how empowering education can be applied on foreign nursing aides working in long-term care facilities and how differing empowering strategies, processes and effects can be adopted to address differing situations and ethnic backgrounds. How high priority issues of concern for foreign nurses are handled impacts upon their ability to perform their jobs well. Empowering strategies can help deal with such issues more effectively and, as a result, reduce work stress and improve on-the-job performance. During the preparation stage, the empowerment process focuses on building a trusting partner relationship. During the work stage, the process focuses on inspiring foreign nurses' self-awareness, encouraging their perceiving the barriers and needs at work, and, most importantly, encouraging nurses to think critically and positively and to provide feedback. The effects of empowering education include enhanced problem solving abilities, rising nurse self-confidence in his/her caretaking abilities, enhanced self-esteem, and improved adaptation to the work environment. This paper provides empirical experiences with regard to the application of empowering education in clinical settings as well as process and management strategies related to foreign nursing aides employed in long-term care facilities.

Objective: To study the therapeutic efficacy of Lixue Xiaoyin Decoction (LXD) in treating psoriasis and its effect on plasma endothelin (ET)., Methods: Two hundred and twenty patients were divided into two groups. LXD was taken orally by the 118 patients in the treated group, while Compound Qingdai Capsule (CQC) taken orally by the 102 patients in the control group. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. The ET content was determined by radioimmunoassay before and after treatment., Results: The total effective rate was 73.72% in the treated group and 54.90% in the control group with significant difference (chi2 = 8.52, P < 0.01). The plasm ET level in patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy subjects. ET in both groups was all lowered after treatment, but the decrement was more obvious in the treated group, showing significant difference when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: LXD shows good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis. It can improve the microcirculation, inhibit the division of epithelial cells, promote the epidermic cell differentiation, and shows regulative effect on plasma ET.

The case report presented a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever after being bitten by an insect in a suburban area. The author observed and interviewed the patient and utilized Gorden's functional health scale to collect information, from Nov., 08 to Nov., 15 2002. Thrombocytopenia, febrile, and pain accompanied with dengue hemorrhagic fever were recorded during nursing evaluation. Lack of associated medical information contributed to the patient's anxiety status. The major nursing problems were changing of protection/ thrombocytopenia, hyperthermia, pain, and inadequacy of knowledge. The gum bleeding, fevers, and generalized bone pain were relieved by sincere listening and nursing intervention. In addition, medical information was delivered by way of a health information booklet to improve the understanding of the patient and ease the latter's anxiety status. Amid an increase in cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Taiwan, this case report might provide some valuable information to the nursing staff in order to enhance their ability to provide comprehensive care.

In the wake of the WHO's health promotion campaign health promotion schools have gained currency in Europe and the United States. The Department of Education in Taiwan has proposed a "school health promotion program" and the Department of Health a "program to build healthy schools" The goal of these programs was to create a holistic environment for school health and put the concepts of "school-family-community partnership" into practice. Although difficulties, such as school-centered perspectives, ambiguous definitions of "community" and shortage of funding, human resources and long-term planning impeded the program, this article, based on literature and practical experience, presents the "school-community model" and the strategies that it applied to organize the school-community health promotion committee to plan long-term programs and to assess the needs and resources of schools and communities on a collaborative basis. It contends, furthermore, that integrating community services into curriculums in order to enable students to appreciate the meaning of partnership, and involving the community in the planning process, can achieve the goal of effectively promoting the health of both the school and the community.

The fertility potential of infertile men can be enhanced to a great extent by the application of assisted reproduction techniques such as intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, but how to obtain semen from men with ejaculatory dysfunction remains a problem. The development and refinement of penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation (EEJ) have significantly brightened the prospects for the treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction. Because vibratory stimulation is non-invasive and easy to perform, and needs no anaesthesia, it is preferred by most of the patients to EEJ, and recommended to be the first choice of treatment for ejaculatory dysfunction. Approximately 80% of all ejaculatory dysfunction men with an intact ejaculatory reflex arc (above T10 ) can obtain antegrade ejaculation by PVS. Any condition which affects the ejaculatory mechanism of the central and/or peripheral nervous system including surgical nerve injury may be treated successfully by EEJ. The purpose of this review is to present the current understanding of PVS and EEJ procedures and their clinical use in men with ejaculatory dysfunction.

Objective: To develop a single tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique (mPCR) and use it to screen 3 deletional alpha-globin genes, namely -alpha(3.7), -alpha(4.2) (single gene deletion), and --SEA (South East Asia double gene deletion) in the Li people in Hainan province., Methods: Based on previously developed 3 separate PCR methods used to detect the -alpha(3.7), -alpha(4.2), --SEA respectively, a single tube mPCR was investigated, optimized, and used to detect the genotypes of 40 samples from well-known alpha-thalassemia patients and 116 non-relative individuals of Li nationality in Hainan province., Results: The results of the 40 samples detected by mPCR were the same as those by the 3 separate PCR Methods. Among the 116 sample, the combined incidence of -alpha(3.7) and -alpha(4.2) was found to be as high as 38.0%, and the -alpha(4.2) genotype was more frequent than the -alpha(3.7) genotype in the Li people. No --(SEA) deletion was found in the Li people., Conclusion: The mPCR technique shows a good sensitivity and specificity. The Hainan Li people has the highest incidence of -alpha(3.7) and -alpha(4.2) among Chinese.

Empowerment is a widely accepted concept in health-related disciplines. It is considered important for helping patients to gain control over their lives in order to make changes in health behaviors. The concept is frequently viewed as being too abstract and lacking a usable definition. The authors use Walker and Avane (1995) methods to review the existing literature and to analyze the empowerment concept. The models, empirical studies, and research instruments that are discussed may be helpful to nurses who want to apply the concept to their nursing practices.